Login | Register

Improving Fire Emergency Management Using Occupant Information and BIM-Based Simulation

Title:

Improving Fire Emergency Management Using Occupant Information and BIM-Based Simulation

Eftekharirad, Roshanak ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4000-3877 (2019) Improving Fire Emergency Management Using Occupant Information and BIM-Based Simulation. Masters thesis, Concordia University.

[thumbnail of Eftekharirad_MASc_F2019.pdf]
Preview
Text (application/pdf)
Eftekharirad_MASc_F2019.pdf - Accepted Version
Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access.
4MB

Abstract

The increasing complexity of buildings has brought some difficulties for emergency response. When fires occur in a building, limited perception regarding the disaster area and occupants can increase the probability of injuries and damages. Thus, the availability of comprehensive and timely information may help understand the existing conditions and plan an efficient evacuation. For this purpose, Building Information Modeling (BIM) should be integrated with three sets of information: (1) occupancy that defines the type of space usage; (2) occupants’ information; and (3) sensory data. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), as a standard of BIM, has the definitions for all areas, volumes, and elements of a building. IFC also has the basic definitions of sensor and occupant entities. However, these entities do not provide enough dynamic and accurate information for supporting emergency management systems.
In addition, building renovation projects have an effect on evacuation time. During the building renovation projects, space is shared between the construction crews and occupants. The construction works change the building layout and movement flow, which increase the occupants’ vulnerability, affecting their evacuation behavior under emergency conditions. Hence, the safety and wellbeing of the occupants as well as their evacuation time should be considered under emergency incidents.
This thesis aims to improve fire emergency management using occupant information and BIM-based simulation. For this purpose, a “dynamic BIM” for fire emergency real-time management is developed that captures enough dynamism regarding the building condition as well as environmental conditions and occupants’ behavior. Also, an Agent-Based Model (ABM) is used to assist in the analysis of the static and dynamic behavior of the environment and occupants in BIM.
The specific objectives of the research are: (1) extending IfcSensor entity for occupant’s sensors; (2) adding new attributes to IfcOccupant to support emergency response operations and defining a new entity for occupancy; (3) defining the relationships between sensors, occupants, occupancy, time series, and building components in the context of building evacuation; (4) creating dynamic BIM for tracking occupants and environmental states; and (5) evaluating the evacuation time for specific scenarios where additional spatio-temporal constraints exist during a fire incidence. Renovation construction operations are considered as such constraint and an ABM co-simulation framework is developed under emergency conditions. The feasibility of the proposed methods is discussed using different case studies.

Divisions:Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Authors:Eftekharirad, Roshanak
Institution:Concordia University
Degree Name:M.A. Sc.
Program:Building Engineering
Date:8 April 2019
Thesis Supervisor(s):Hammad, Amin and Nik-Bakht, Mazdak
Keywords:BIM, Fire Emergency, Occupant, Sensor, Sensory Data, BIM-Based Simulation
ID Code:985300
Deposited By: Roshanak Eftekharirad
Deposited On:15 Nov 2019 16:43
Last Modified:15 Nov 2019 16:43

References:

REFERENCES

Abrishami, S., Goulding, J., Rahimian, F. P., and Ganah, A. (2014). "Integration of BIM and generative design to exploit AEC conceptual design innovation." Information Technology in Construction, 19, 350-359.
Agdas, D., and Srinivasan, R. S. (2014). "Building energy simulation and parallel computing: Opportunities and challenges." Proceedings of the Simulation Conference, IEEE, 3167-3175.
Ajayi, S. O., Oyedele, L. O., Akinade, O. O., Bilal, M., Owolabi, H. O., and Alaka, H. A. (2014). "Ineffectiveness of construction waste management strategies: knowledge gap analysis." Smart, Sustainable and Healthy Cities, Proceedings of the First International Conference of the CIB Middle East and North Africa Research Network (CIBMENA 2014), 261-280.
Akinci, B., and Boukamp, F. (2003). "Representation and integration of as-built information to IFC based product and process models for automated assessment of as-built conditions." Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (ISARC), Washington, DC USA, 543-549.
Al-Shalabi, F., and Turkan, Y. (2015). "A novel framework for BIM enabled facility energy management: A concept paper." Int. Construction Specialty Conference (ICSC 15), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Attar, R., Hailemariam, E., Breslav, S., Khan, A., and Kurtenbach, G. (2011). "Sensor-enabled cubicles for occupant-centric capture of building performance data." ASHRAE Trans, 117(2), 441-448.
Atzori, L., Iera, A., and Morabito, G. (2010). "The internet of things: A survey." Computer Networks, 54(15), 2787-2805.
Ayala, P., Cantizano, A., Gutiérrez-Montes, C., and Rein, G. (2013). "Influence of atrium roof geometries on the numerical predictions of fire tests under natural ventilation conditions." Energy and Buildings, 65, 382-390.
Becerik-Gerber, B., Jazizadeh, F., Li, N., and Calis, G. (2011). "Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled facilities management." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(3), 431-442.
Bi, Z., and Kang, B. (2014). "Sensing and responding to the changes of geometric surfaces in flexible manufacturing and assembly." Enterprise Information Systems, 8(2), 225-245.
Bilal, M., Oyedele, L. O., Qadir, J., Munir, K., Ajayi, S. O., Akinade, O. O., Owolabi, H. A., Alaka, H. A., and Pasha, M. (2016). "Big data in the construction industry: A review of present status, opportunities, and future trends." Advanced Engineering Informatics, 30(3), 500-521.
Boukerche, A., Zhang, M., and Pazzi, R. W. (2009). "An adaptive virtual simulation and real-time emergency response system." Proceedings of the international conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems, VECIMS’09, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 360-364.
BuildingSMART International Ltd. (2018). Industry foundation classes release 4 (IFC4). On-line: http://www.buildingsmart-tech.
Cahill, B., Menzel, K., and Flynn, D. (2012). "BIM as a centre piece for optimized building operation." EWork and EBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction ECPPM, 549-555.
Campbell, R. B. (2017). Fires in structures under construction, undergoing major renovation, or being demolished. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (1998). "Deaths resulting from residential fires and the prevalence of smoke alarms - United States, 1991-1995." MMWR Morb.Mortal.Wkly.Rep., 47(38), 803-806.
Chen, J., Bulbul, T., Taylor, J. E., and Olgun, G. (2014). "A case study of embedding real-time infrastructure sensor data to BIM." Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, 269-278.
Cheng, M., Chiu, K., Hsieh, Y., Yang, I., Chou, J., and Wu, Y. (2017). "BIM integrated smart monitoring technique for building fire prevention and disaster relief." Automation in Construction, 84, 14-30.
Choi, J., Choi, J., and Kim, I. (2014). "Development of BIM-based evacuation regulation checking system for high-rise and complex buildings." Automation in Construction, 46, 38-49.
Chooramun, N., Lawrence, P., and Galea, E. (2011). "Implementing a hybrid space discretisation within an agent based evacuation model." Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, Springer, 449-458.
Delgado, J. M.D., Brilakis, I., and Middleton, C. R. (2015). "Open data model standards for structural performance monitoring of infrastructure assets." Proceedings of the CIB W78 Conference, Eindhoven Technical University, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 1-10.
Delgado, J. M.D., Butler, L. J., Gibbons, N., Brilakis, I., Elshafie, M. Z., and Middleton, C. R. (2016). "Management of structural monitoring data of bridges using BIM." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers – Bridge Engineering, 170(3), 204-218.
Delgado, J. M.D., Butler, L. J., Brilakis, I., Elshafie, M. Z., and Middleton, C. R. (2018). "Structural performance monitoring using a dynamic data-driven BIM environment." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 32(3).
Dilo, A., and Zlatanova, S. (2011). "A data model for operational and situational information in emergency response." Applied Geomatics, 3(4), 207-218.
Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., and Liston, K. (2008). "BIM handbook: A guide to building information modeling for owners, managers, designers, engineers and contractors." 31-97.
Eftekharirad, R., Nik Bakht, M., and Hammad, A. (2018). "Extending IFC for Fire Emergency Real-Time Management Using Sensors and Occupant Information." Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, 35, 1-8.
Eftekharirad, R., Nik-Bakht, M., and Hammad, A. (2018). “Linking sensory Data to BIM by Extending IFC – Case Study of Fire Evacuation”, EWork and EBusiness in Architecture, Proceedings of 12th European Conference on Product and Process Modelling (ECPPM 2018), Copenhagen, Denmark, 8, 9-14.
Fahy, R. F. (1991). "EXIT89: an evacuation model for high-rise buildings." Fire Safety Science, 3, 815-823.
Fairgrieve, S., and Falke, S. (2011). "Sensor web standards and the internet of things." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing for Geospatial Research and Applications, ACM, 73.
Francisco, A., Truong, H., Khosrowpour, A., Taylor, J. E., and Mohammadi, N. (2018). "Occupant perceptions of building information model-based energy visualizations in eco-feedback systems." Applied Energy, 221, 220-228.
Fu, C., Zhang, G., Yang, J., and Liu, X. (2011). "Study on the contract characteristics of Internet architecture." Enterprise Information Systems, 5(4), 495-513.
Galea, E. (2003). "SFPE Engineering Guide to Human Behavior in Fire". Society of Fire Protection Engineers.
Galea, E., Gwynne, S., Lawrence, P., Filippidis, L., Blackshields, D., and Cooney, D. (2004). " buildingEXODUS user guide and technical manual." University of Greenwich, UK.
Gao, R., Li, A., Hao, X., Lei, W., Zhao, Y., and Deng, B. (2012). "Fire-induced smoke control via hybrid ventilation in a huge transit terminal subway station." Energy and Building, 45, 280-289.
Garis, L., Maxim, P., and Mark, K. (2015). "Construction Site Fire Safety." A Guide for Construction of Large Buildings Canadian Wood Council, University of Fraser Valley.
Gerrish, T., Ruikar, K., Cook, M. J., Johnson, M., and Phillip, M. (2015). "Attributing in-use building performance data to an as-built building information model for lifecycle building performance management." Proceedings of CIB W78, CIB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Gwynne, S., Galea, E. R., Owen, M., Lawrence, P. J., and Filippidis, L. (1999). "A review of the methodologies used in the computer simulation of evacuation from the built environment." Building and Environment, 34(6), 741-749.
Hall, J. R. (2000). "Patterns of fire casualties in home fires by age and sex", National Fire Protection Association.
Hosny, A., Nik-Bakht, M., and Moselhi, O. (2013). "Chaos and Complexity in Modeling and Detection of Spatial Temporal Clashes in Construction Processes." Construction Research Congress 2018, 639-648.
Holmberg, D. G., Raymond, M. A., and Averill, J. D. (2013). "Delivering building intelligence to first responders." NIST TN, 1648.
Isikdag, U., Underwood, J., and Aouad, G. (2008). "An investigation into the applicability of building information models in geospatial environment in support of site selection and fire response management processes." Advanced Engineering Informatics, 22(4), 504-519.
Istre, G. R., McCoy, M. A., Osborn, L., Barnard, J. J., and Bolton, A. (2001). "Deaths and injuries from house fires." N.Engl.J.Med., 344(25), 1911-1916.
Karas, I. R., Batuk, F., and Rahman, A. A. (2012). "An evacuation system for extraordinary indoor air pollution disaster circumstances." Disaster Adv., 5, 30-40.
Kensek, K. (2014). "Integration of Environmental Sensors with BIM: case studies using Arduino, Dynamo, and the Revit API." Informes De La Construcción, 66(536).
Kobes, M., Helsloot, I., De Vries, B., Post, J. G., Oberijé, N., and Groenewegen, K. (2010). "Way finding during fire evacuation; an analysis of unannounced fire drills in a hotel at night." Building and Environment, 45(3), 537-548.
Korhonen, T., and Hostikka, S. (2009). "Fire dynamics simulator with evacuation: FDS+Evac." Technical Reference and User’s Guide. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland.
Kuligowski, E., Peacock, R., and Hoskins, B. (2010). "A review of building evacuation models", Rep. No. NIST TN 1680; National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD, 153.
Labeodan, T., Zeiler, W., Boxem, G., and Zhao, Y. (2015). "Occupancy measurement in commercial office buildings for demand-driven control applications - A survey and detection system evaluation." Energy and Buildings, 93, 303-314.
Lee, H. (2012). "Renovation scheduling to minimize user impact of a building that remains in operation." Automation in Construction, 22, 398-405.
Leite, F., Akinci, B., Garrett, J., James, and Akin, O. (2009). "Representation of facility contents and threats for supporting identification of vulnerabilities in building emergencies." Computing in Civil Engineering, 582-592.
Li, N., Sun, M., Bi, Z., Su, Z., and Wang, C. (2014). "A new methodology to support group decision-making for IoT-based emergency response systems." Information Systems Frontiers, 16(5), 953-977.
Liebich, T., Adachi, Y., Forester, J., Hyvarinen, J., Richter, S., Chipman, T., Weise, M., and Wix, J. (2013). "Industry Foundation Classes Release 4 (IFC 4)". Model Support Group.
Liu, Y. S., Li, H., Li, H., Pauwels, P., and Beetz, J. (2015). "Recent advances on building information modeling." The Scientific World Journal, 2-4.
Luo, F., Cao, G., and Li, X. (2014). "An interactive approach for deriving geometric network models in 3D indoor environments." Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Indoor Spatial Awareness, ACM, 9-16.
Ma, Z., Wei, Z., Song, W., and Lou, Z. (2011). "Application and extension of the IFC standard in construction cost estimating for tendering in China." Automation in Construction, 20(2), 196-204.
MacDonald, M. (2012). "STEPS Simulation of Transient Evacuation and Pedestrian movementS User Manual (5.0 Version)." Mott MacDonald Simulation Group, United Kingdom.
Melfi, R., Rosenblum, B., Nordman, B., and Christensen, K. (2011). "Measuring building occupancy using existing network infrastructure." International Green Computing Conference and Workshops (IGCC), IEEE, 1-8.
Moosavi, F., and Moselhi, O. (2014). "Review of detailed schedules in building construction." Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 6(3), 05014001.
Motamedi, A., Soltani, M. M., Setayeshgar, S., and Hammad, A. (2016). "Extending IFC to incorporate information of RFID tags attached to building elements." Advanced Engineering Informatics, 30, 39-53.
NFPA. (2013). "National fire protection association.” http://www.nfpa.org/.
Ogunlana, K., and Sharma, S. (2014). "Agent based Simulation model for data visualization during evacuation." proceedings of ASE/IEEE Bigdata/Socialcom/Cybersecurity conference, Stanford University, 1-6.
Park, J., and Cai, H. (2017). "WBS-based dynamic multi-dimensional BIM database for total construction as-built documentation." Automation in Construction, 77, 15-23.
Pasini, D., Mastrolembo Ventura, S., and Rinaldi, S. (2016). "Exploiting internet of things and building information modeling framework for management of cognitive buildings." International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), IEEE, 1-6.
Pelechano, N., and Malkawi, A. (2008). "Evacuation simulation models: Challenges in modeling high rise building evacuation with cellular automata approaches." Automation in Construction, 17, 377-385.
Proulx, G. (2002). "Evacuation planning for occupants with disability." Fire Risk Management Program, Institute for Research in Construction, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa.
Proulx, G. (2001). "Highrise evacuation: a questionable concept." Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Human Behaviour in Fire, 221-230.
PublicWorks, C. (1981). "Life Safety and disabled people-seminar summary." Rep. No. W63-4/1981E, Design and Construction, Public Works Canada, Ottawa.
Ronchi, E., and Nilsson, D. (2013). "Fire evacuation in high-rise buildings: a review of human behaviour and modelling research." Fire Science Reviews, 2(1), 2-7.
Saha, H. N., Auddy, S., Pal, S., Kumar, S., Pandey, S., Singh, R., Singh, A. K., Banerjee, S., Ghosh, D., and Saha, S. (2017). "Disaster management using Internet of Things." Proceedings of the 8th Annual Industrial Automation and Electromechanical Engineering Conference (IEMECON), IEEE, 81-85.
Sharma, S., Ogunlana, K., Scribner, D., and Grynovicki, J. (2017). "Modeling human behavior during emergency evacuation using intelligent agents: A multi-agent simulation approach." Information Systems Frontiers, 20(4), 1-17.
Shen, W., Newsham, G., and Gunay, B. (2017). "Leveraging existing occupancy-related data for optimal control of commercial office buildings: A review." Advanced Engineering Informatics, 33, 230-242.
Shields, T., Boyce, K., Silcock, G., and Dunne, B. (1998). "The impact of a wheelchair bound evacuee on the speed and flow of evacuees in a stairway during an uncontrolled unannounced evacuation." J.Apl.Fire Sci., 7(1), 29-39.
Shokouhi, M., Nasiriani, K., Cheraghi, Z., Ardalan, A., Khankeh, H., Fallahzadeh, H., and Khorasani-Zavareh, D. (2019). "Preventive measures for fire-related injuries and their risk factors in residential buildings: a systematic review." J.Inj.Violence Res., 11(1), 1-14.
Srinivasan, R., Thakur, S., Parmar, M., and Ahmed, I. (2014). "Toward a 3D heat transfer analysis in dynamic-BIM workbench." Proceedings of the iiSBE Net Zero Built Environment Symposium, 356.
Statistics Canada. (2017). Canadian Survey on Disability.
Sun, Q., and Turkan, Y. (2019). "A BIM Based simulation framework for fire evacuation planning." Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, Springer, 431-438.
Tan, L., Hu, M., and Lin, H. (2015). "Agent-based simulation of building evacuation: Combining human behavior with predictable spatial accessibility in a fire emergency." Information Sciences, 295, 53-66.
Tang, F., and Ren, A. (2012). "GIS-based 3D evacuation simulation for indoor fire." Building Environment, 49, 193-202.
Thompson, K. D. (2018). Fire Dynamics. Retrieved from https://www.nist.gov/el/fire-research-division-73300/firegov-fire-service/fire-dynamics
Tashakkori, H., Rajabifard, A., and Kalantari, M. (2015). "A new 3D indoor/outdoor spatial model for indoor emergency response facilitation." Building Environment, 89, 170-182.
Thunderhead Engineering. (2011). "Pathfinder technical reference", Thunderhead Engineering Consultants, Inc. Manhattan KS, USA.
Thunderhead Engineering. (2018). "Pathfinder technical reference", Thunderhead Engineering Consultants, Inc. Manhattan KS, USA.
Trivedi, A., and Rao, S. (2018). "Agent-Based modeling of emergency evacuations considering human panic behavior." Proceedings of the Transactions on Computational Social Systems, IEEE, 5(1), 277-288.
Tsai, M., Liu, L., Peña-Mora, F., and Arboleda, C. (2008). "A preliminary design of disaster-survivable building black box system for urban disaster response." Journal of Information Technology in Construction, 13, 179-192.
Volkov, A. A., and Batov, E. I. (2015). "Dynamic Extension of building information model for smart buildings." Procedia Engineering, 111, 849-852.
Walder, U., Bernoulli, T., and Wießflecker, T. (2009). "An indoor positioning system for improved action force command and disaster management." Proceedings of the 6th International ISCRAM Conference, 251-262.
Wang, S., Van Schyndel, M., Wainer, G., Rajus, V. S., and Woodbury, R. (2012). "Devs-based building information modeling and simulation for emergency evacuation." Proceedings of the Simulation Conference (WSC), IEEE, 1-12.
Wang, S., Wainer, G., Rajus, V. S., and Woodbury, R. (2013). "Occupancy analysis using building information modeling and cell-DEVS simulation." DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, 1-8.
Wei-Guo, S., Yan-Fei, Y., Bing-Hong, W., and Wei-Cheng, F. (2006). "Evacuation behaviors at exit in CA model with force essentials: A comparison with social force model." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 371(2), 658-666.
Weise, M., Liebich, T., and Wix, J. (2009). "Integrating use case definitions for IFC developments." eWork and eBusiness in Architecture and Construction.London: Taylor and Francis Group, 637-645.
Wix, J. (1999). "An introduction to international alliance for interoperability and industry foundation classes." Technical Report of International alliance for Interoperability.
Xiong, Q., Zhu, Q., Du, Z., Zhu, X., Zhang, Y., Niu, L., Li, Y., and Zhou, Y. (2017). "A dynamic indoor field model for emergency evacuation simulation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6(4), 104.
Xiong, L., Bruck, D., and Ball, M. (2015). "Comparative investigation of ‘survival’ and fatality factors in accidental residential fires." Fire Safety Journal, 73, 37-47.
Xue, W., Wang, Y., and Man, Q. (2015). "Research on information models for the construction schedule management based on the IFC standard." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(3), 615-635.
Yang, L., Prasanna, R., and King, M. (2009). "On-site information systems design for emergency first responders." JITTA: Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 10(1), 5-27.
Young, N. W., Jones, S. A., and Bernstein, H. M. (2007). "Interoperability in the construction industry." SmartMarket Report: Design and Construction Intelligence.
Zhilei, W., Min, H., Dayong, X., and Xuhai, P. (2014). "Simulation research on human evacuation in subway with a single-point fire scenario." Procedia Engineering, 84, 595-602.
Zhiliang, M., Zhenhua, W., Wu, S., and Zhe, L. (2011). "Application and extension of the IFC standard in construction cost estimating for tendering in China." Automation in Construction, 20(2), 196-204.
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Downloads per month over past year

Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
- Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
Back to top Back to top