My thesis bears on Hannah Arendt's theory of the political sphere. My objective is critically to assess Arendt's development of the theory from its introduction in her treatment of the self-understanding of the ancient Greek polis to its deployment in the modern context. With The Human Condition as the central text in my analysis, I consider the key philosophical-theoretical commitments surrounding the theory of the political sphere, notably Arendt's opposition of freedom to nature. I argue that problems arising in connection with Arendt's theory of the political sphere can be traced to the freedom-nature dichotomy.