References Aigen, K. (2007). In defense of beauty: A role for the aesthetic in music therapy theory. Part I: The development of aesthetic theory in music therapy. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 16(2), 112-128. doi: 10.1080/08098130709478181 Aldridge, D., Gustorff, D., & Hannich, H. J. (1990). Where am I? Music therapy applied to coma patients. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 83(6), 345-346. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1292679/ Aldridge, D. (2005). Music therapy and neurological rehabilitation: Performing health. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Austin, D. (2008). The theory and practice of vocal psychotherapy: Songs of the self. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Baker, F. (2000). Modifying the melodic intonation therapy program for adults with severe non-fluent aphasia. Music Therapy Perspectives, 18(2), 110-114. doi:10.1093/mtp/18.2.110 Baker, F. (2005). Working with impairments in pragmatics through song writing with traumatically brain injured patients. In F. Baker & T. Wigram (Eds.), Songwriting: methods, techniques and clinical applications for music therapy clinicians, educators and students (pp. 134–153). London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Baker, F. A., & Ballantyne, J. (2013). “You've got to accentuate the positive”: Group songwriting to promote a life of enjoyment, engagement and meaning in aging Australians. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 22(1), 7-24. doi: 10.1080/08098131.2012.678372. 30 Baker, F., Kennelly, J., & Tamplin, J. (2005a). Themes in songs written by clients with traumatic brain injury: Differences across the lifespan. Australian Journal of Music Therapy, 16, 25–42. Retrieved from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Themes+in+songs+written+by+patients+with+traumatic+brain+injury%3a...-a0189874830 Baker, F., Kennelly, J., & Tamplin, J. (2005b). Themes within Songs Written by People with Traumatic Brain Injury: Gender Differences. Journal of Music Therapy, 42(2), 111-122. Retrieved from http://0-www.oxfordjournals.org.mercury.concordia.ca/ Baker, F., & Tamplin, J. (2006). Music therapy methods in neurorehabilitation: A clinician's manual. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Baker, F., & Tamplan, J. (2011). Coordinating respiration, vocalization, and articulation: Rehabilitating apraxic and dysarthric voices of people with neurological damage. In Baker, F. & Uhlig, S. (Ed). Voicework in music therapy: Research and practice, (p.189-205). London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Baker, F., & Wigram, T. (2004). The immediate and long-term effects of singing on the mood states of people with traumatic brain injury. British Journal of Music Therapy, 18(2), 55-64. Baker, F., & Wigram, T. (2005). Songwriting: Methods, techniques and clinical applications for music therapy clinicians, educators, and students. London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Belin, P., Van E. P., Zilbovicius, M., Remy, P., Francois, C., Guillaume, S., Chain, F., & Samson, Y. (1996). Recovery from non-fluent aphasia after melodic intonation 31 therapy: a PET study. Neurology, 47(6), 1504–1511. doi: 10.1212/WNL.47.6.1504 Benenzon, R. O. (1981). Music Therapy Manual. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher. Brady, M. C., Kelly, H., Godwin, J., & Enderby, P. (2012). Speech and language therapy for aphasia following stroke. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000425.pub3. Brookshire, R. H. (2003). Introduction to neurogenic communication disorders (6th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mobsy. Bruijn, M., Zielman, T., & Hurkmans, J. (2011). Speech-Music Therapy for Aphasia (SMTA): An interdisciplinary treatment of speech-language therapy and music therapy for clients with aphasia and/or apraxia of speech. In Baker, F. & Uhlig, S. (Ed). Voicework in music therapy: Research and practice, (pp.206-227). London, England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Canadian Stroke Network. (2012). Hidden stroke impairment leaves thousands suffering in silence. Retrieved from http://www.canadianstrokenetwork.ca/index.php5/news/hidden-stroke-impairment-leaves-thousands-suffering-in-silence/ Clark, I., & Harding, K. (2012). Psychosocial outcomes of active singing interventions for therapeutic purposes: a systematic review of the literature. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 21(1), 80-98. doi: 10.1080/08098131.2010.545136 Clift, S., Hancox, G., Morrison, I., Hess, B., Kreutz, G., & Stewart, D. (2010). Choral singing and psychological wellbeing: Quantitative and qualitative findings from 32 English choirs in a cross-national survey. Journal of Applied Arts and Health, 1(1), 19-34. doi: 10.1386/jaah.1.1.19/1 Cohen, N. (1992). The effect of singing instruction on the speech production of neurologically impaired persons. Journal of Music Therapy, 29(2), 87-102. doi: 10.1093/jmt/29.2.102 Cohen, N. (1994). Speech and song: Implications for therapy. Music Therapy Perspectives, 12(1), 8-14. doi: 10.1093/mtp/12.1.8 Cohen, N., & Ford. J. (1995). The effect of musical cues on the nonpurposive speech of persons with aphasia. Journal of Music Therapy, 32(1), 46-57. doi: 10.1093/mtp/32.1.46 Cohen, N., & Masse, R. (1993). The application of singing and rhythmic instruction as a therapeutic intervention for persons with neurogenic communication disorders. Journal of Music Therapy, 30(2), 81-99. doi: 10.1093/mtp/30.2.81 Conklyn, D., Novak, E., Boissy, A., Bethoux, F., & Chemali, K. (2012). The effects of modified melodic intonation therapy on nonfluent aphasia: a pilot study. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 55(5), 1463-71. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2012/11-0105) Davis, W. B., Gfeller, K.E., & Thaut, M. H. (1999). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and Practice (2nd ed.) Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill College. Dronkers, N. F., Plaisant, O., Iba-Zizen, M. T., & Cabanis, E. A. (2007). Paul Broca's historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong. Brain, 130(5), 1432-1441. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm042 Fink, R., Brecher, A., Schwartz, M., & Robey, R. (2002). A computer-implemented 33 protocol for treatment of naming disorders: Evaluation of clinician-guided and partially self-guided instruction. Aphasiology, 16(10-11), 1061-1086. doi: 10.1080/02687030244000400 Fox, C. A. (2007). Perceived effectiveness of music therapy clinical techniques to increase vocal response and improve verbal intelligibility in persons with aphasia. (Master Thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 77. (304860324). Gardner-Gordon, J. (1993). The healing voice: Traditional & contemporary toning, chanting & singing. Freedom, CA: Crossing Press. Gass, R., & Brehony, K. A. (1999). Chanting: Discovering spirit in sound. New York, NY: Broadway Books. Glassman, L. R. (1991). Music therapy and bibliotherapy in the rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury: A case study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 18(2), 149-156. doi: 10.1016/0197-4556(91)90022-3 Goldman, J. (2002). Healing sounds: The power of harmonics. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. Hartley, M. L., Turry, A., & Raghavan, P. (2010). The role of music and music therapy in aphasia rehabilitation. Music and Medicine, 2(4), 235-242. doi: 10.1177/1943862110382661 Heart and Stroke Foundation. (2014). What is stroke? Retrieved form http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/c.ikIQLcMWJtE/b.3483935/k.736A/Stroke__What_is_Stroke.htm Hobson, M. R. (2006). The collaboration of music therapy and speech-language 34 pathology in the treatment of neurogenic communication disorders: Part 1 – Diagnosis, therapist roles, and rationale for music. Music Therapy Perspectives, 24(2), 58-65. doi: 10.1093/mtp/24.2.58 Hospers, J. (1967). Problems of aesthetics. In Edwards, P. (Ed) The Encyclopedia of philosophy (pp.35-56). New York, NY: Macmillan. Hough, M. S. (2010). Melodic intonation therapy and aphasia: Another variation on a theme. Aphasiology, 24(6-8), 775-786. doi: 10.1080/02687030903501941 Hurkmans, J., Bruijn, de. M., Boonstra, A. M., Jonkers, R., Bastiaanse, R., Arendzen, H., & Reinders-Messelink, H. A. (2012). Music in the treatment of neurological language and speech disorders: A systematic review. Aphasiology, 26(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/02687038.2011.602514 Jungblut, M. (2005). Music therapy for people with chronic aphasia: A controlled study. In Aldridge, D. (Ed) Music Therapy and Neurological Rehabilitation: Performing Health, (pp.189-209). London: J. Kingsley Publishers. Jungblut, M. (2009). SIPARI®: A music therapy intervention for patients suffering with chronic, nonfluent aphasia. Music and Medicine, 1(2), 102-105. doi: 10.1177/1943862109345130 Jungblut, M., Suchanek, M., & Gerhard, H. (2009). Long-term recovery from chronic global aphasia: A case report. Music and Medicine, 1(1), 61-69. doi:10.1177/1943862109338603 Kearns, K. P. (1997). Broca’s aphasia. In L.LaPointe (Ed.), Aphasia and related Neurogenic language disorders. New York, NY: Thieme. Kenny, C.B. (2003). Beyond This Point There Be Dragons: Developing General 35 Theory in Music Therapy. Voices: A World Forum For Music Therapy, 3(2). Retrieved from https://normt.uib.no/index.php/voices/article/view/129/105. Kim, M., & Tomaino, C. M. (2008). Protocol evaluation for effective music therapy for persons with nonfluent aphasia. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 15(6), 555-569. doi:10.1310/tsr1506-555 Livneh, H. (1991) A unified approach to existing models of adaptation to disability: a model of adaptation, in Marinelli, R. P. & Dell Orto, A. E. (Eds) Psychological and Social Impact of Disability. New York, NY: Springer. Lingsom, S. (2008). Invisible Impairments: Dilemmas of Concealment and Disclosure. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 10(1), 2-16. doi:10.1080/15017410701391567 Loewy, J. (2004). Integrating music, language and the voice in music therapy. Voices, 4(1). Retrieved from https://voices.no/index.php/voices/article/viewArticle/140/116 Lucia, C. (1987). Toward developing a model of music therapy intervention in the rehabilitation of head trauma patients. Music Therapy Perspectives, 4(1), 34-39. doi:10.1093/mtp/4.1.34 Magee, W. (1999). Music therapy within brain injury rehabilitation: To what extent is our clinical practice influenced by the search for outcomes? Music Therapy Perspectives, 17(1), 20-26. doi:10.1093/mtp/17.1.20 Moreno, J. J. (1988). The music therapist: Creative arts therapist and contemporary shaman. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 15(4), 271-280. doi:10.1016/0197-4556(88)90029-9 36 Moreno, J. J. (1995). Ethnomusic therapy: An interdisciplinary approach to music and healing. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22(4), 329-338 doi:10.1016/0197-4556(95)00039-8 Mortley, J., Wade, J., & Enderby, P. (2004). Superhighway to promoting a client-therapist partnership? Using the Internet to deliver word-retrieval computer therapy, monitored remotely with minimal speech and language therapy input. Aphasiology, 18(3), 193-211. doi:10.1080/02687030344000553 The National Aphasia Association. (2011). Varieties and special features of aphasia. Retrieved from https://www.aphasia.org/content/aphasia-faq National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. (2008). Aphasia Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved Fact Sheet. Retrieved fromfrom from https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdfhttps://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/health/voice/FactSheetAphasia.pdf National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2014). What is aphasia? Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/aphasia/aphasia.htm#What_is National Library of Medicine (2012). Paraphasia. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/paraphasia O'Callaghan, C., & Grocke, D. (2009). Lyric analysis research in music therapy: Rationales, methods and representations. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 36(5), 320-328 doi:10.1016/j.aip.2009.09.004 Olney, M. F., & Kim, A. (2001). Beyond adjustment: Integration of cognitive disability into identity. Disability & Society, 16(4), 563-583. doi:10.1080/09687590120059540 37 Palmer, R., Enderby, P., & Paterson, G. (2013). Using computers to enable self-management of aphasia therapy exercises for word finding: the patient and carer perspective. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 48(5), 508-521. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12024 Patel, A. D. (2003). Language, music, syntax and the brain. Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), 674-681. doi:10.1038/nn1082 Patel, A