Life  on  earth  is  currently  approaching  or  undergoing  what  has been  called  the  sixth  mass extinction, also known as the Holocene or anthropocene extinction. Unlike the previous five, this extinction  is  due to the  destructive  practices  of  a single species,  our own.  Along  with  the  up to 50%  of  plant  and  animal  species  facing  extinction  by  the  year  2100,  as  many  as  90%  of  the world’ s  languages  are  expected  to  meet  the  same  fate  by  this  time.  Biocultural  diversity  is  a recent  appellation  for  thinking  together  the  earth’ s  biological,  cultural  and  linguistic  diversity, the  related  causes  of  their  extinctions  and  the  related  steps  needing  to  be  taken  to  ensure  their sustainability. In this dissertation, I turn to the work of Jacques Derrida  to propose a notion of ‘ general ecology’  as a way to respond to this loss, to think the ethics, ontology and epistemology at  stake  in  biocultural  sustainability  and  the  life  and  death  we  differentially  share  on  earth  with its others. Through readings of a variety of contemporary continental philosophers, I develop the interdisciplinary  applicability  of  general  ecology  in  the areas  of  translation  studies,  biopolitics, science  and  technology  studies  and  ecolinguistics.  My  hope  is  to  give  readers  not  only  an appreciation  of  the  ecological  and  biocultural  stakes  of deconstruction,  but  to  provoke  in  them new ways of thinking a more just sharing of the earth.