[1]W. Xu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, and G. Sun. Characterization of advanced drive
system for hybrid electric vehicles. In Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010
International Conference on, pages 487–492, Oct 2010.

[2] Iqbal Husain. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles , Design Fundamentals. CRC, second
edition, August 2010.

[3] Natural Resource Canada. Electric vehicle technology roadmap for canada. Technical
report, Government of Canada, 2009.

[4] S.E. Gay A. Emadi M. Ehsani, Y.Gao. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel
Cell Vehicles, volume I. CRC Press, 2004 edition, December 2005.

[5] Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe. Electrical machines and drives for electric, hybrid, and fuel
cell vehicles. Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(4):746–765, April 2007.

[6] M. Zeraoulia, M. E. H. Benbouzid, and D. Diallo. Electric motor drive selection issues
for HEV propulsion systems: A comparative study. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 55(6):1756–1764, Nov 2006.

[7] S. Taghavi. Design of Synchronous Reluctance Machines for Automotive Applications.
PhD thesis, Concordia University, 2015.

[8] Z. Wang and K. T. Chau. Design, analysis, and experimentation of chaotic permanent
magnet DC motor drives for electric compaction. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and
Systems II: Express Briefs, 56(3):245–249, March 2009.

[9] J. M. Kneſevi�. Low-cost low-resolution sensorless positioning of DC motor
drives for vehicle auxiliary applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,
62(9):4328–4335, Nov 2013.

[10] G. Pellegrino, A. Vagati, P. Guglielmi, and B. Boazzo. Performance comparison
between surface-mounted and interior PM motor drives for electric vehicle application.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 59(2):803–811, Feb 2012.

[11] G. Pellegrino, A. Vagati, B. Boazzo, and P. Guglielmi. Comparison of induction and
PM synchronous motor drives for EV application including design examples. IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications, 48(6):2322–2332, Nov 2012.

[12] M. Ehsani, K. M. Rahman, and H. A. Toliyat. Propulsion system design of electric and
hybrid vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 44(1):19–27, Feb 1997.

[13] Z. M. Zhao, S. Meng, C. C. Chan, and E. W. C. Lo. A novel induction machine design
suitable for inverter-driven variable speed systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, 15(4):413–420, Dec 2000.

[14] Tiecheng Wang, Ping Zheng, Qianfan Zhang, and Shukang Cheng. Design characteristics
of the induction motor used for hybrid electric vehicle. IEEE Transactions on
Magnetics, 41(1):505–508, Jan 2005.

[15] P. Pillay and R. Krishnan. Application characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous
and brushless DC motors for servo drives. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,
27(5):986–996, Sep 1991.

[16] R. Krishnan. Permanent magnet Synchronous and Brushless DC Motor Drives. CRC
Press, 2010.

[17] P. Pillay and R. Krishnan. Modeling, simulation, and analysis of permanent-magnet
motor drives. I. the permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, 25(2):265–273, Mar 1989.

[18] V. Bobek. PMSM electrical parameters measurement. Freescale Semiconductor, 2013.

[19] G. Stumberger, B. Polajzer, B. Stumberger, M. Toman, and D. Dolinar. Evaluation of
experimental methods for determining the magnetically nonlinear characteristics of
electromagnetic devices. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 41(10):4030–4032, Oct
2005.

[20] F. Senicar, M. Döpker, A. Bartsch, B. Krüger, and S. Soter. Inverter based method
for measurement of PMSM machine parameters based on the elimination of power
stage characteristics. In Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2014 - 40th Annual
Conference of the IEEE, pages 702–708, Oct 2014.

[21] Gorazd Å TUMBERGER Å¡eljko PLANTI. Determining parameters of a three phase
permanent magnet synchronous machine using concontrol single phase voltage source.
PRZEGLAD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY (Electrical Review), 87:0033–2097, 2011.

[22] R. Dutta and M. F. Rahman. A comparative analysis of two test methods of measuring
d - and q -axes inductances of interior permanent-magnet machine. IEEE Transactions
on Magnetics, 42(11):3712–3718, Nov 2006.

[23] V. Ostovic. Memory motors. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 9(1):52–61, Jan
2003.

[24] M. Ibrahim. Application of magnetic Hysteresis Modeling to the Design and Analysis
of Electric Machines. PhD thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
November 2014.

[25] J. Goss, M. Popescu, and D. Staton. A comparison of an interior permanent magnet
and copper rotor induction motor in a hybrid electric vehicle application. In Electric
Machines Drives Conference (IEMDC), 2013 IEEE International, pages 220–225, May
2013.

[26] T. Miura, S. Chino, M. Takemoto, S. Ogasawara, Akira Chiba, and Nobukazu Hoshi.
A ferrite permanent magnet axial gap motor with segmented rotor structure for the next
generation hybrid vehicle. In Electrical Machines (ICEM), 2010 XIX International
Conference on, pages 1–6, Sept 2010.

[27] Huang Jia,Wang Xinjian, and Sun Zechang. Variable flux memory motors: A review. In
Transportation Electrification Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-Pacific), 2014 IEEE Conference
and Expo, pages 1–6, Aug 2014.

[28] V. Ostovic. Memory motors-a new class of controllable flux PM machines for a true
wide speed operation. In Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS
Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, volume 4, pages 2577–2584
vol.4, Sept 2001.

[29] M. Ibrahim, L. Masisi, and P. Pillay. Design of variable-flux permanent-magnet machines
using Alnico magnets. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 51(6):4482–
4491, Nov 2015.

[30] M. Ibrahim, L. Masisi, and P. Pillay. Design of variable flux permanent-magnet
machine for reduced inverter rating. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,
51(5):3666–3674, Sept 2015.

[31] M. Ibrahim and P. Pillay. Design of high torque density variable flux permanent magnet
machine using Alnico magnets. In Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition
(ECCE), 2014 IEEE, pages 3535–3540, Sept 2014.

[32] ChenYiguang, PanWei,WangYing, Tang Renyuan, andWang Jing. Interior compositerotor
controllable-flux PMSM - memory motor. In 2005 International Conference on
Electrical Machines and Systems, volume 1, pages 446–449 Vol. 1, Sept 2005.

[33] K. Sakai, K. Yuki, Y. Hashiba, N. Takahashi, and K. Yasui. Principle of the variablemagnetic-
force memory motor. In Electrical Machines and Systems, 2009. ICEMS
2009. International Conference on, pages 1–6, Nov 2009.

[34] Z. Changqing, W. Xiuhe, and W. Bei. Study of a novel permanent magnet synchronous
motor with composite-rotor. In Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010
International Conference on, pages 1044–1047, Oct 2010.

[35] G. Zhou, T. Miyazaki, S. Kawamata, D. Kaneko, and N. Hino. Development of variable
magnetic flux motor suitable for electric vehicle. In Power Electronics Conference
(IPEC), 2010 International, pages 2171–2174, June 2010.

[36] M. Aydin, Surong Huang, and T. A. Lipo. A new axial flux surface mounted permanent
magnet machine capable of field control. In Industry Applications Conference, 2002.
37th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the, volume 2, pages 1250–1257 vol.2,
Oct 2002.

[37] J. A. Tapia, F. Leonardi, and T. A. Lipo. Consequent pole permanent magnet machine
with field weakening capability. In Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001.
IEMDC 2001. IEEE International, pages 126–131, 2001.

[38] N. Naoe and T. Fukami. Trial production of a hybrid excitation type synchronous
machine. In Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2001. IEMDC 2001. IEEE
International, pages 545–547, 2001.

[39] D. Fodorean, A. Djerdir, I. A. Viorel, and A. Miraoui. A double excited synchronous
machine for direct drive application 2014;design and prototype tests. IEEE Transactions
on Energy Conversion, 22(3):656–665, Sept 2007.

[40] Kou Baoquan, Li Chunyan, and Cheng Shukang. A new flux weakening method
of permanent magnet synchronous machine. In 2005 International Conference on
Electrical Machines and Systems, volume 1, pages 500–503 Vol. 1, Sept 2005.

[41] Lei Ma, M. Sanada, S. Morimoto, Y. Takeda, and N. Matsui. High efficiency adjustable
speed control of ipmsm with variable permanent magnet flux linkage. In Industry
Applications Conference, 1999. Thirty-Fourth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record
of the 1999 IEEE, volume 2, pages 881–887 vol.2, 1999.

[42] P. Vas, K. E. Hallenius, and J. E. Brown. Cross-saturation in smooth-air-gap electrical
machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, EC-1(1):103–112, March 1986.

[43] L. Masisi, M. Ibrahim, and P. Pillay. Control strategy of a variable flux machine using
AlNiCo permanent magnets. In Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE),
2015 IEEE, pages 5249–5255, Sept 2015.

[44] C. Y. Yu, T. Fukushige, N. Limsuwan, T. Kato, D. D. Reigosa, and R. D. Lorenz.
Variable-flux machine torque estimation and pulsating torque mitigation during magnetization
state manipulation. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(5):3414–
3422, Sept 2014.

[45] A. M. El-Serafi and J. Wu. Determination of the parameters representing the crossmagnetizing
effect in saturated synchronous machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy
Conversion, 8(3):333–342, Sep 1993.

[46] S. T. Lee, T. A. Burress, and L. M. Tolbert. Power-factor and torque calculation with
consideration of cross saturation of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor
with brushless field excitation. In Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 2009.
IEMDC ’09. IEEE International, pages 317–322, May 2009.

[47] Min-Seok Kim, Won Jeon, Yu-Seok Jeong, and Sang-Yong Jung. Numerical identification
of synthetic flux linkages considering cross-magnetization for interior PM
synchronous motor and its effective availability on design and control. In Industrial
Electronics, 2008. IECON 2008. 34th Annual Conference of IEEE, pages 1299–1304,
Nov 2008.

[48] T. Frenzke. Impacts of cross-saturation on sensorless control of surface permanent
magnet synchronous motors. In Power Electronics and Applications, 2005 European
Conference on, pages 10 pp.–P.10, Sept 2005.

[49] Y. Li, Z. Q. Zhu, D. Howe, C. M. Bingham, and D. Stone. Improved rotor position
estimation by signal injection in brushless ac motors, accounting for cross-coupling
magnetic saturation. In Industry Applications Conference, 2007. 42nd IAS Annual
Meeting. Conference Record of the 2007 IEEE, pages 2357–2364, Sept 2007.

[50] L. Chedot and G. Friedrich. A cross saturation model for interior permanent magnet
synchronous machine. application to a starter-generator. In Industry Applications
Conference, 2004. 39th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE,
volume 1, page 70, Oct 2004.

[51] G. Almandoz, J. Poza, M. A. Rodriguez, and A. Gonzalez. Modeling of crossmagnetization
effect in interior permanent magnet machines. In Electrical Machines,
2008. ICEM 2008. 18th International Conference on, pages 1–6, Sept 2008.

[52] K. Yamazaki and M. Kumagai. Torque analysis of interior permanent-magnet synchronous
motors by considering cross-magnetization: Variation in torque components
with permanent-magnet configurations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,
61(7):3192–3201, July 2014.

[53] K. Yamazaki and M. Kumagai. Rotor design of interior permanent magnet motors
considering cross-magnetization caused by magnetic saturation. In Electrical Machines
and Systems (ICEMS), 2011 International Conference on, pages 1–6, Aug 2011.

[54] K. J. Meessen, P. Thelin, J. Soulard, and E. A. Lomonova. Inductance calculations of
permanent-magnet synchronous machines including flux change and self- and cross-saturations.
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44(10):2324–2331, Oct 2008.

[55] N. Limsuwan, T. Kato, K. Akatsu, and R. D. Lorenz. Design and evaluation of a
variable-flux flux-intensifying interior permanent-magnet machine. IEEE Transactions
on Industry Applications, 50(2):1015–1024, March 2014.

[56] A. Pouramin, R. Dutta, M. F. Rahman, and D. Xiao. Inductances of a fractionalslot
concentrated-winding interior PM synchronous machine considering effects of
saturation and cross magnetization. In 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and
Exposition (ECCE), pages 6075–6081, Sept 2015.

[57] B. Stumberger, G. Stumberger, D. Dolinar, A. Hamler, and M. Trlep. Evaluation of
saturation and cross-magnetization effects in interior permanent-magnet synchronous
motor. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 39(5):1264–1271, Sept 2003.

[58] A. Pouramin, R. Dutta, M. F. Rahman, J. E. Fletcher, and D. Xiao. A preliminary study
of the effect of saturation and cross-magnetization on the inductances of a fractionalslot
concentrated-wound interior PM synchronous machine. In Power Electronics and
Drive Systems (PEDS), 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on, pages 828–833,
June 2015.

[59] L. Masisi. Design and Development of Novel Electric Drives for Synchronous Reluctance
and PM Synchronous Machines. PhD thesis, Concordia University, April
2015.

[60] S. Hossain, D. Smith, S. Gebhart, and U. Deshpande. Torque ripple tester for a
permanent magnet synchronous motor. In IEEE International Conference on Electric
Machines and Drives, 2005., pages 1020–1024, May 2005.

[61] Li Sun, Hanying Gao, Qingliang Song, and Jianhong Nei. Measurement of torque
ripple in PM brushless motors. In Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS
Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the, volume 4, pages 2567–2571 vol.4, Oct
2002.