Wildlife populations are increasingly threatened by the expansion of road networks and built-up areas worldwide. However, ecological effects of roads and traffic at the level of landscape functions, communities, and ecosystems are complex and potentially unexpected. They are usually not well studied and not considered in environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and road planning. Major efforts are necessary to improve the quality of project‐specific EIAs, landscape‐scale cumulative effect assessments (CEA), strategic environmental assessments (SEA), road planning, and land‐use planning. I draw 12 lessons from recent advances in Road Ecology science that are important for EIA at the landscape-scale.