1. Briley DA, Tucker-Drob EM. Broad bandwidth or high fidelity? Evidence from the structure of genetic and environmental effects on the facets of the five factor model. Behav Genet. 2012;42:743–63. pmid:22695681

2. Goldsmith HH, Buss K a, Lemery KS. Toddler and childhood temperament: expanded content, stronger genetic evidence, new evidence for the importance of environment. Dev Psychol. 1997;33(6):891–905. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9383612 pmid:9383612

3. Lemery-chalfant K, Kao K, Swann G, Goldsmith HH. Childhood temperament: Passive gene—environment correlation, gene—environment interaction, and the hidden importance of the family environment. Dev Psychopathol. 2013;25:51–63. pmid:23398752

4. Rowe DC, Plomin R. The Importance of nonshared [Ej] environmental influences in behavioral development. Dev Psychol. 1981;17(5):517–31.

5. Silberg JL, Febo V, Miguel S, Murrelle EL, Prom E, Bates JE, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on temperament in the first year of life: The Puerto Rico Infant Twin Study [PRINTS]. 2005;8(4):1–9.

6. Bates JE, Freeland CA, Lounsbury ML. Measurement of infant difficultness. Child Dev. 1979;50:794–803. pmid:498854

7. Lonigan CJ, Phillips BM, Hooe ES. Relations of positive and negative affectivity to anxiety and depression in children: Evidence from a latent variable longitudinal study. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2003;71(3):465–81. pmid:12795571

8. Watson D, Clark LA, Carey G. Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 1988;97(3):346–53. pmid:3192830

9. Rhee SH, Robin P, Naomi P, Robinson J, Smith AK, Young SE. The etiology of observed negative emotionality from 14 to 24 months. Front Genet. 2012;3:1–10.

10. Vitaro F, Dylan E, Michel B, Brendgen M, Tremblay RE. Do early difficult temperament and harsh parenting differentially predict reactive and proactive aggression? J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2006;685–95. pmid:17048109

11. Watson D, Clark LA. Negative affectivity: The Disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychol Bull. 1984;96(3):465–90. pmid:6393179

12. Sayal K, Heron J, Maughan B, Rowe R, Ramchandani P. Infant temperament and childhood psychiatric disorder: Longitudinal study. Child Care Health Dev. 2014;40(2):292–7. pmid:23551256

13. Schwartz CE, Kunwar PS, Greve DN, Moran LR, Viner JC, Covino JM, et al. Structural differences in adult orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted by infant temperament at 4 months of age. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Jan;67(1):78–84. pmid:20048225

14. Boivin M, Perusse D, Dionne G, Saysset V, Zoccolillo M, Tarabulsy GM, et al. The genetic-environmental etiology of parents’ perceptions and self-assessed behaviours toward their 5-month-old infants in a large twin and singleton sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005;46(6):612–30. pmid:15877767

15. Forget-Dubois N, Boivin M, Dionne G, Pierce T, Tremblay RE, Pérusse D. A longitudinal twin study of the genetic and environmental etiology of maternal hostile-reactive behavior during infancy and toddlerhood. Infant Behav Dev. 2007;30(3):453–65. pmid:17683754

16. Hentges RF, Davies PT, Cicchetti D. Temperament and Interparental Conflict: The Role of Negative Emotionality in Predicting Child Behavioral Problems. Child Dev. 2015;86(5):1333–50. pmid:26110397

17. Davis S, Votruba-Drzal E, Silk JS. Trajectories of internalizing symptoms from early childhood to adolescence: Associations with temperament and parenting. Soc Dev. 2015;24(3):501–20.

18. Lemery KS, Goldsmith HH, Klinnert MD, Mrazek DA. Developmental models of infant and childhood temperament. Dev Psychol. 1999;35(1):189–204. pmid:9923474

19. Gjone H, Stevenson J. A longitudinal twin study of temperament and behavior problems: common genetic or environmental influences? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997;36(10):1448–56. pmid:9334559

20. Plomin R, Emde R, Braungart J, Campos J, Corley R, Fulker DW, et al. Genetic change and continuity from fourteen to twenty months: the MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study. Child Dev. 1993;64:1354–76. pmid:8222877

21. Wilson R, Matheny A. Behavior-genetics research in infant temperament: The Louisville Twin Study. In: Plomin R, Dunn J, editors. The study of temperament: Changes, continuities and challenges. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1986. p. 81–97.

22. Baker L a, Cesa IL, Gatz M, Mellins C. Genetic and environmental influences on positive and negative affect: support for a two-factor theory. Psychol Aging [Internet]. 1992 Mar;7(1):158–63.

23. Tackett JL, Waldman ID, Van Hulle CA, Lahey BB. Shared genetic influences on negative emotionality and major depression/conduct disorder comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(8):818–27. pmid:21784301

24. Kupper N, Denollet J, de Geus EJC, Boomsma DI, Willemsen G. Heritability of type-D personality. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(7):675–81. pmid:17766686

25. Krueger RF, Markon KE, Bouchard TJ. The extended genotype: The heritability of personality accounts for the heritability of recalled family environments in twins reared apart. J Pers. 2003;71(5):809–33. pmid:12932211

26. Neiss M, Almeida DM, David M. Age differences in the heritability of mean and intraindividual variation of psychological distress. Gerontology. 2004;50(1):22–7. pmid:14654723

27. Goldsmith HH, Lemery KS, Buss KA, Campos JJ. Genetic analyses of focal aspects of infant temperament. Dev Psychol. 1999;35(4):972–85. pmid:10442866

28. Brown TT, Jernigan TL. Brain development during the preschool years. Vol. 22, Neuropsychology Review. 2012. p. 313–33.

29. Saudino KJ. Behavioral genetics and child temperament. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2005;26:214–23. pmid:15956873

30. Saudino KJ, Cherny S. Sources of continuity and change in observed temperament. In: Infancy to early childhood: Genetic and environmental influences on developmental change. 2001. p. 89–110.

31. Rothbart M. Longitudinal observation of infant temperament. Dev Psychol. 1986;22(3):356–65.

32. Hayden EP, Klein DN, Durbin CE. Parent reports and laboratory assessments of child temperament: A comparison of their associations with risk for depression and externalizing disorders. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2005;27(2):89–100.

33. Petitclerc A, Boivin M, Dionne G, Pérusse D, Tremblay RE. Genetic and environmental etiology of disregard for rules. Behav Genet. 2011;41(2):192–200. pmid:20872238

34. Lacourse E, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Petitclerc A, Girard A, Vitaro F, et al. A longitudinal twin study of physical aggression during early childhood: evidence for a developmentally dynamic genome. Psychol Med. 2014;44(12):2617–27. pmid:24443874

35. Lewis GJ, Plomin R. Heritable influences on behavioural problems from early childhood to mid-adolescence: evidence for genetic stability and innovation. Psychol Med. 2015;45(10):2171–9. pmid:25765219

36. Saudino KJ. Tester-rated temperament at 14,20 and 14 months: Environmental change and genetic continuity. Br J Dev Psychol. 1996;14(2):129–44.

37. Gabory A, Attig L, Junien C. Sexual dimorphism in environmental epigenetic programming. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 304(1), 8–18.

38. Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G. The Quebec newborn twin study into adolescence: 15 years later. Hum Genet. 2013, 16(1):64–9.

39. Dionne G, Tremblay R, Boivin M, Laplante D, Pérusse D. Physical aggression and expressive vocabulary in 19-month-old twins. Dev Psychol. 2003;39(2):261–73. pmid:12661885

40. Posthuma D, Beem a L, de Geus EJC, van Baal GCM, von Hjelmborg JB, Iachine I, et al. Theory and practice in quantitative genetics. Twin Res. 2003;6(5):361–76. pmid:14624720

41. Neale MC, Maes H. Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 2004.

42. Neale MC, Røysamb E, Jacobson K. Multivariate genetic analysis of sex limitation and G x E interaction. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006;9(4):481–9. pmid:16899154

43. McArdle JJ, Hamagami F. Structural equation models for evaluating dynamic concepts within longitudinal twin analyses. Behav Genet. 2003;33(2):137–59. pmid:14574148

44. Eaves L. A model for sibling effects in man. Heredity. 1976;36(2):205–14. pmid:1063734

45. Simonoff E, Pickles a, Hervas a, Silberg JL, Rutter M, Eaves L. Genetic influences on childhood hyperactivity: contrast effects imply parental rating bias, not sibling interaction. Psychol Med. 1998;28:825–37. pmid:9723139

46. Ebejer JL, Medland SE, van der Werf J, Wright MJ, Henders AK, Gillespie NA, et al. Contrast effects and sex influence maternal and self-report dimensional measures of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Behav Genet. 2014;45(1):35–50. pmid:25151025

47. Carey G. Sibling imitation and contrast effects. Behav Genet. 1986;16(3):319–41. pmid:3753368

48. Muthén L, Muthén B. Mplus user’s guide [6th ed.]. Los Angeles. 2012.

49. Schumacker RE, Lomax RG. A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. 3rd ed. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 2004. 1–510 p. http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~snijders/Encyclopedia_SEM_Kaplan.pdf

50. Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Vol. 6, The Annals of Statistics. 1978. p. 461–4.

51. Akaike H. Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika. 1987;52:317–32.

52. Loehlin JC. The Cholesky approach: A cautionary note. Behav Genet. 1996;26(1):65–9.

53. Tuvblad C, Raine A, Zheng M, Baker L a. Genetic and environmental stability differs in reactive and proactive aggression. Aggress Behav. 2009;35(6):437–52. pmid:19688841

54. Saudino KJ, Wang M. Quantitative and molecular genetic studies of temperament. In: Handbook of temperament. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.

55. Paquin S, Lacourse E, Ouellet-Morin I. Development of aggression and violence from infancy to adulthood. In: The Routledge International Handbook of Biosocial Criminology. 2014. p. 376.

56. Booij L, Wang D, Lévesque ML, Tremblay RE, Szyf M, PTRS B, et al. Looking beyond the DNA sequence: the relevance of DNA methylation processes for the stress − diathesis model of depression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013;368(1615):20120251. pmid:23440465

57. Côté SM, Boivin M, Liu X, Nagin DS, Zoccolillo M, Tremblay RE. Depression and anxiety symptoms: onset, developmental course and risk factors during early childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2009;50(10):1201–1208. pmid:19519755

58. Tremblay RE, Nagin DS, Séguin JR, Zoccolillo M, Zelazo PD, Boivin M, et al. Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e43–50. pmid:15231972

59. Tremblay RE. Developmental origins of disruptive behaviour problems: the “original sin” hypothesis, epigenetics and their consequences for prevention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010;51(4):341–67. pmid:20146751