The Sahel is considered a geopolitical region because it shares many common characteristics and interests. The most important, for a social situation study such as this one, is its "underdevelopment"; undoubtedly, one of the worst in the world. The purpose of this study is to describe, explain and project this problematic situation. To do so, the study utilizes a model procedure developed by the same author elsewhere. On a basis of this model, any dynamic system can be studied methodically by following three operational steps; condition-diagnosis; factor-analysis; trend-prognosis. This report will therefore, be divided into three chapters, each of which treats one of the steps.