Sustainability may be defined as the attentive endeavor in avoidance of the depletion of natural resources. Sustainability is progressively becoming a topic of substantial interest in both academic and manufacturing environments. Due to the profitability in conducting sustainable practices and the legal pressure from the governments, many companies are going to be engaged in the product recovery business for retrieving materials and value-added features in used products. In designing sustainable manufacturing systems, hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing systems can be applied as a result of their social, economic, and environmental effects. A sustainable manufacturing system should work as a part of a sustainable closed-loop supply chain. Hence, sustainable practices should be applied in both closed-loop supply chains and manufacturing systems simultaneously. The premier goal of this dissertation is to apply sustainable practices in designing a network consisting of a manufacturing system in a closed-loop supply chain in view of realistic assumptions; for example, alternative process routings, contingency process routings, lot splitting, reconfigurations, machine adjacency requirements, machine failures, reliability of machines, and quality of the returned products, outsourcing, as well as stochastic and probabilistic parameters. Four models are developed in this dissertation. The first model is a mixed-integer mathematical model for a third-party remanufacturer in a remanufacturing facility with cellular layout to be as a part of a closed-loop supply chain. This mathematical model is solved using an exact solution procedure through the use of branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut of CPLEX.
 
The second model is the extension of the first model by taking operation sequences, machine adjacency constraints, alternative process routings, and outsourcing option of the part demands into consideration. This mathematical model is solved using an exact solution procedure through the use of branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut of CPLEX. The third model is a mixed-integer mathematical model which is developed for an original equipment manufacturer in a hybrid manufacturing-remanufacturing facility with cellular layout considering alternative and contingency process routings to be as a part of a closed-loop supply chain. This mathematical model is solved using an exact solution procedure through the use of branch-and-bound and branch-and-cut of CPLEX. The fourth model is a stochastic mixed-integer mathematical model which is developed for a third party remanufacturer in a remanufacturing facility with cellular layout to be as a part of a sustainable closed-loop supply chain. A queuing-based approach is considered for the model in a Jackson queuing network. To avoid a long waiting time of the parts in the queuing system, a chance-constrained is added to the mathematical model as well. This mathematical model is solved using an exact solution procedure through the use of branch-and- bound and branch-and-cut of CPLEX. The mathematical models in this dissertation are mainly targeted to be used in industry at the operational level which would lead to further industrial applications mostly at the design stage of integrated manufacturing and supply chain systems in addition to the possible applications at the operational level. All the models in this dissertation have been formulated, solved, analyzed, together with this, sensitivity analyses for representing the usability of the models in practice have been presented.