Today, the debates surrounding environmental policies have gained significant prominence which has resulted in the emergence of different policy solutions and approaches that, in some cases, could be perceived as competing. While the role of policy in the environmental transition is well established, there is a broad consensus that no single policy instrument can be successful for all environmental problems in all regions. On the other hand, the economic consequences of environmental policies have proved to be complex and multi-layered. Considering the fragmented and region-specific nature of the literature that assesses the effectiveness of environmental policies, this collection aims at providing an integrated reference that features contributions from social scientists, economists, political scientists, and practitioners to expose and explore the economic repercussions and limitations of environmental policies.  This introductory chapter provides an overview of the 16 contributions featured in the collection, as well as an overview of the current landscape. This edited collection presents studies focused on the economic repercussions of policies addressing the governance and protection of natural resources, offers an in-depth investigation of policies that address the energy-emissions-economy nexus, and explores solutions toward financing the environmental transition.