Alberti, Leon Battista trans. Rocco Sinisgalli. On Painting. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Alberti, Leon Battista trans. Joseph Rykwert. On the Art of Building. MIT Press, 1988.

Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle. G. Bell, 1895.

Atkinson, James B. and David Sices. Machiavelli and His Friends: Their Personal 
Correspondence. Northern Illinois University Press, 2004.

Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae: “The adoration of Christ”, Tertia Pars, Q.25, Article 4. 
https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4025.htm#article3

Augustine trans J.F. Shaw. On Christian Doctrine. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 
INC., 2009.

Azzolini, Monica. “In Praise of Art: Text and Context of Leonardo's ‘Paragone’ and Its Critique 
of the Arts and Sciences.” Renaissance Studies, vol. 19, no. 4, 2005, pp. 487–510.

Baron, Hans. The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance: Civil Humanism and Republican 
Liberty in an Age of Classicism and Tyranny. Princeton University Press, 1966.

Beltrami, Luca, ed., Documenti e memorie riguardanti la vita e le opere di Leonardo da Vinci. 
Milan, 1919.

Bruni, Leonardo. “Urbis Florentinae Laudatio”, printed in Hans Baron, From Petrarch to 
Leonardo Bruni: Studies in Humanistic and Political Literature. Chicago, 1968.

Bullard, Melissa Meriam. “Adumbrations of Power and the Politics of Appearances in Medicean 
Florence.” Renaissance Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, 1998, pp. 341–356.

Burke, Edmund. A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and 
Beautiful. London: George Bell and Sons, York Street, Covent Garden, 1889.

Butterfield, Herbert. “Machiavelli’s Historical Method and Statecraft”. Machiavelli: Cynic,  
Patriot or Political Scientist?, ed. De Lamar Jensen. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, 
1960.

Carty, Jarrett A. “Machiavelli’s Art of Politics: A Critique of Humanism and the Lessons 
of Rome.” On Civic Republicanism: Ancient Lessons for Global Politics, edited by Geoffrey C. Kellow and Neven Leddy, University of Toronto Press, Toronto; Buffalo; London, 2016, pp. 119–135.

Cassirer, Ernst. “Political Scientist or Opportunist?: Science and Political Theory”. Machiavelli:  
Cynic, Patriot or Political Scientist?, ed. De Lamar Jensen. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, 1960).

Chabod, Federico. “Synthesis and Condemnation of Italian History”. Machiavelli: Cynic, Patriot 
or Political Scientist?, ed. De Lamar Jensen. Boston: D. C. Heath and Company, 1960).

Dundas, Judith. “The Paragone and the Art of Michelangelo.” The Sixteenth Century Journal,  
vol. 21, no. 1, 1990, pp. 87–92., www.jstor.org/stable/2541134.

Fabriczy, C.v., ‘Il codice dell’ Anonino Gaddiano (cod. Magliabechiano XVII, 17) nella 
Biblioteca Nazionale di Firenze’, Archivio storico italiano, vol. 12, no. 3-4, 1893, pp. 
15-94, 275-334.

Ferguson, George. Signs and Symbols in Christian Art. Oxford University Press, 1961.

Gill, Anton. Il Gigante. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002.

Godman, Peter. From Poliziano to Machiavelli: Florentine Humanism in the High Renaissance. 
Princeton University Press, 2019.

Grant, Ruth W. Hypocrisy and Integrity: Machiavelli, Rousseau, and the Ethics of Politics. 
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Hale, J. R. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy. English Univ. Press, 1972.

Hale, J.R. Renaissance Fortification: Art or Engineering? London: Thames and Hudson, 1977. 

Hochner, Nicole. “A Ritualist Approach to Machiavelli.” History of Political Thought, vol. 30, 
no. 4, 2009, pp. 575–595.

Jones, Jonathan. The Lost Battles: Leonardo, Michelangelo, and the Artistic Duel That Defined 
the Renaissance. Simon & Schuster UK Ltd, 2011.

Kahn, Victoria. Machiavellian Rhetoric: From the Counter-Reformation to Milton. Princeton 
University Press, 1994.

Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Judgment translated by Werner S. Pluhar. Hackett Publishing Co., 
1987.

Keizer, Joost. “Michelangelo, Drawing, and the Subject of Art.” The Art Bulletin, vol. 93, no. 3, 
2011, pp. 304–324.

King, Ed. “Rolling a Stone for the Medici: Machiavelli Pedagogical Service to the Medici 
Family.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of California Berkeley, CA: 2005.


King, Ed. Quinquennial Terror: Machiavelli’s Understanding of the Political Sublime. Open 
Journal of Political Science, 03 (02), 2013, pp. 69-75.

Lee, Alexander. The Ugly Renaissance: Sex, Greed, Violence and Depravity in an Age of Beauty. 
Anchor books, 2015.

Lefaivre, Liane. Leon Battista Alberti's Hypnerotomachia Poliphili: Re-Cognizing the Architectural Body in the Early Italian Renaissance. MIT Press, 2005. 

Levine, Saul. “The Location of Michelangelo's David: The Meeting of January 25, 1504.” The 
Art Bulletin, vol. 56, no. 1, 1974, pp. 31–49.

Macfarland, Joseph C. “Machiavelli's Imagination of Excellent Men: An Appraisal of the Lives 
Cosimo De' Medici and Castruccio Castracani.” The American Political Science Review, vol. 93, no. 1, 1999, pp. 133–146.

Machiavelli, Niccolò trans. Martina Di Febo. Il Principe. BUR Rizzoli: Milano, 2018.

Machiavelli, Niccolò. Opere, 4 vols. Turin, 1971-99.

Machiavelli, Niccolò trans. Harvey Manfield. Discourses on Livy. University of Chicago Press, 
1996.

Machiavelli, Niccolo trans. Laura F. Banfield and Harvey C. Mansfield, Florentine Histories. 
Princeton University Press, 1990.

Machiavelli, Niccolò trans. Harvey Mansfield. The Prince. The University of Chicago Press, 
1998.

Masters, Roger D. Fortune is a River: Leonardo Da Vinci and Niccolò Machiavelli’s 
Magnificent Dream to Change the Course of Florentine History. New York: The Free Press, 1998.

McCormick, John P. “The Passion of Duke Valentino: Cesare Borgia, Biblical Allegory, and The 
Prince.” Reading Machiavelli: Scandalous Books, Suspect Engagements, and the Virtue 
of Populist Politics. Princeton University Press, Princeton; Oxford, 2018, pp. 21–44.

Meinecke, Friedrich. Machiavellianism: The Doctrine of Raison d’Etat and Its Place in Modern 
History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1962.

Nethersole, Scott. Art and Violence in Early Renaissance Florence. Yale University Press, 2018.

Nethersole, Scott. Art of Renaissance Florence: a City and Its Legacy. Laurence King 
Publishing, 2019.

Newman, Jennifer “Anxious Masculinity, Affectation, and the Creation of Personal Image: 
Echoes of Quintilian in Castiglione’s Il Libro del Cortegiano”. Power and Image in 
Early Modern Europe. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008. 

Ovid trans. Rolfe Humphries. Metamorphoses. Indiana University Press, 1968.

Pastor, Ludwig ed. Frederick Ignatius Antrobus. The History of the Popes: From the Close of the 
Middle Ages : Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original 
Sources, Volume 5. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Company, 1898. 

Pearson, Caspar. Humanism and the Urban World: Leon Battista Alberti and the Renaissance 
City. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011. 

Pitkin, Hannah. Fortune is a Woman. University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Pocock, J.G.A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic 
Republican Tradition. Princeton University Press, 2016.

Poeschel, Sabina. “A Hitherto Unknown Portrait of a Well-Known Roman Humanist.” 
Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 1, 1990, pp. 146–154.

Procaccini, Alfonso. “Alberti and the ‘Framing’ of Perspective.” The Journal of Aesthetics and 
Art Criticism, vol. 40, no. 1, 1981, pp. 29–39.

Quintilian trans. H. E. Butler. Institutio oratoria, iu.vii.26. Cambridge, Mass. and London, 1980.

Rebhorn, Wayne A. Foxes and Lions: Machiavelli's Confidence Men. Cornell Univ. Pr., 1988.

Skinner, Quentin. The Foundation of Modern Political Thought: Volume One. Cambridge 
University Press, 1978.

Skinner, Quentin. “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.” History and Theory, 
vol. 8, no. 1, 1969, pp. 3–53.

Smith, Christine, and Joseph F. O’Connor. Building the Kingdom: Giannozzo Manetti on the 
Material and Spiritual Edifice. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance 
Studies; Turnhout: Brepols, 2006.

Solum, Stefanie. Women, Patronage, and Salvation in Renaissance Florence. London; New 
York: Routledge, 2020.

Strathern, Paul. The Artist, the Philosopher, and the Warrior: Da Vinci, Machiavelli, and Borgia 
and the World They Shaped. Bantam Books, 2010.

Strathern, Paul. The Medici: Power, Money, and Ambition in the Italian Renaissance. Pegasus
Books, 2017.

Strauss, Leo. Thoughts on Machiavelli. Illinois: The Free Press, 1958.

Trexler, Richard. Public Life in Renaissance Florence. New York: Academic Press, 1980.

Van Eck, Caroline. “Giannozzo Manetti on Architecture: the Oratio De Secularibus Et 
Pontificalibus Pompis in Consecratione Basilicae Florentinae of 1436.” Renaissance 
Studies, vol. 12, no. 4, 1998, pp. 449–475.

Vasari, Giorgio ed. Betty Burroughs. Vasari’s Lives of the Artists: Biographies of the Most 
Eminent Architects, Painters, and Sculptors of Italy. Museum Street London: Ruskin 
House, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1960. 

Viroli, Maurizio. Machiavelli. Oxford Univ. Press, 1998.

Viroli, Maurizio. La redenzione dell’Italia: Saggio sul “Principe” di Machiavelli. Gius.Laterza 
& Figli Spa, 2013.

Walsh, Mary. “Historical Reception of Machiavelli,” Patricia Vilches and Gerald Seaman, 
Seeking Real Truths: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Machiavelli. Leiden: Brill, 2007: 273-301.

Wilde, J. ‘The Hall of the Great Council of Florence’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld 
Institutes,7, 1944.

Zuckert, Catherine. “Machiavelli and the End of Nobility in Politics.” Social Research, vol. 81, 
no. 1, 2014, pp. 85–106.

Zuckert, Catherine. Machiavelli’s Politics. University of Chicago Press, 2017.