[1] Airbus SAS. "Global Market Forecast 2019-2038". [2] Boeing. "Commercial market outlook: 2018--2037". [3] Campbell FC. "Ply Collation: A Major Cost Driver". In: Manufacturing Processes for Advanced Composites. Elsevier, 2004, pp. 131–173. [4] Lossie M, Van Brussel H. "Design principles in filament winding". Compos Manuf 1994; 5: 5–13. [5] Colombo C, Vergani L. "Optimization of filament winding parameters for the design of a composite pipe". Compos Part B Eng 2018; 148: 207–216. [6] Crosky A, Grant C, Kelly D, Legrand X, Pearce G. "Fibre placement processes for composites manufacture". In: Advances in Composites Manufacturing and Process Design. Elsevier Inc., 2015, pp. 79–92. [7] Harik R, Saidy C, Williams SJ, Gurdal Z, Grimsley B. "Automated fiber placement defect identity cards: cause, anticipation, existence, significance, and progression". In: SAMPE 18- Long Beach. 2018. [8] Kozaczuk K. "AUTOMATED FIBER PLACEMENT SYSTEMS OVERVIEW". Trans Inst Aviat 2016; 245: 52–59. [9] Mostakima Mafruha Lubna, Zaheeruddin Mohammed, Manik Chandra Biswas MEH. "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites in Aviation". In: Fiber-Reinforced Polymers: Processes and Applications (ISBN: 978-1-53619-049-6). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York, 2021, pp. 177–210. [10] Lukaszewicz DH-JA, Ward C, Potter KD. "The engineering aspects of automated prepreg layup: History, present and future". Compos Part B Eng 2012; 43: 997–1009. [11] Parmar H, Khan T, Tucci F, Umer R, Carlone P. "Advanced robotics and additive manufacturing of composites: towards a new era in Industry 4.0". Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2021; 1–35. [12] Oromiehie E, Prusty BG, Compston P, Rajan G. "Automated fibre placement based composite structures: Review on the defects, impacts and inspections techniques". Compos Struct 2019; 224: 110987. [13] Izco L, Isturiz J, Motilva M. "High Speed Tow Placement System for Complex Surfaces with Cut / Clamp / & Restart Capabilities at 85 m/min (3350 IPM)". SAE Tech Pap. Epub ahead of print 12 September 2006. DOI: 10.4271/2006-01-3138. [14] Hale, R.D.; Moon, R.S.; Lim, K.; Schueler, K.; Yoder A. S. "Integrated Design and Analysis Tools for Reduced Weight, Affordable Fiber Steered Composites". Lawrence, KS, 2004. [15] Debout P, Chanal H, Duc E. "Tool path smoothing of a redundant machine: Application to Automated Fiber Placement". Comput Des 2011; 43: 122–132. [16] Blom AW, Lopes CS, Kromwijk PJ, Gürdal Z, Camanho PP. "A theoretical model to study the influence of tow-drop areas on the stiffness and strength of variable-stiffness laminates". J Compos Mater 2009; 43: 403–425. [17] Bakhshi N, Hojjati M. "An experimental and simulative study on the defects appeared during tow steering in automated fiber placement". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2018; 113: 122–131. [18] Wehbe R, Tatting B, Rajan S, Harik R, Sutton M, Gürdal Z. "Geometrical modeling of tow wrinkles in automated fiber placement". Compos Struct 2020; 246: 112394. [19] Heinecke F, Willberg C. "Manufacturing-Induced imperfections in composite parts manufactured via Automated Fiber Placement". J Compos Sci; 3. Epub ahead of print 2019. DOI: 10.3390/jcs3020056. [20] Orifici AC, Herszberg I, Thomson RS. "Review of methodologies for composite material modelling incorporating failure". Compos Struct 2008; 86: 194–210. [21] Belhaj M, Hojjati M. "Wrinkle formation during steering in automated fiber placement: Modeling and experimental verification". J Reinf Plast Compos 2018; 37: 396–409. [22] Sacco C, Baz Radwan A, Anderson A, Harik R, Gregory E. "Machine learning in composites manufacturing: A case study of Automated Fiber Placement inspection". Compos Struct 2020; 250: 112514. [23] Chen M, Jiang M, Liu X, Wu B. "Intelligent inspection system based on infrared vision for automated fiber placement". In: Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, ICMA 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018, pp. 918–923. [24] Maass D. "Progress in automated ply inspection of AFP layups". Reinf Plast 2015; 59: 242–245. [25] Cemenska J, Rudberg T, Henscheid M. "Automated In-Process Inspection System for AFP Machines". SAE Int J Aerosp; 8. Epub ahead of print 15 September 2015. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-2608. [26] Bakhshi N, Hojjati M. "Effect of compaction roller on layup quality and defects formation in automated fiber placement". J Reinf Plast Compos 2020; 39: 3–20. [27] Wehbe R, Sacco C, Baz Radwan A, Albazzan M, Harik R. "Influence of process parameters in AFP fiber steering on cylinders: Constant curvature paths". Compos Part C Open Access 2020; 2: 100036. [28] Croft K, Lessard L, Pasini D, Hojjati M, Chen J. "Experimental study of the effect of automated fiber placement induced defects on performance of composite laminates". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2011; 42: 484–491. [29] Del Rossi D, Cadran V, Thakur P, Palardy-Sim M, Lapalme M, Lessard L. "Experimental investigation of the effect of half gap/half overlap defects on the strength of composite structures fabricated using automated fibre placement (AFP)". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2021; 150: 106610. [30] Fayazbakhsh K, Arian Nik M, Pasini D, Lessard L. "Defect layer method to capture effect of gaps and overlaps in variable stiffness laminates made by Automated Fiber Placement". Compos Struct 2013; 97: 245–251. [31] Falcó O, Mayugo JA, Lopes CS, Gascons N, Costa J. "Variable-stiffness composite panels: Defect tolerance under in-plane tensile loading". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2014; 63: 21–31. [32] Ghayour M, Hojjati M, Ganesan R. "Effect of manufacturing flaws on the behavior of composite beams manufactured by Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) process". In: The Fourth International Symposium on Automated Composite Manufacturing ACM4. 2019. [33] Falcó O, Lopes CS, Mayugo JA, Gascons N, Renart J. "Effect of tow-drop gaps on the damage resistance and tolerance of Variable-Stiffness Panels". Compos Struct 2014; 116: 94–103. [34] Nguyen MH, Vijayachandran AA, Davidson P, Call D, Lee D, Waas AM. "Effect of automated fiber placement (AFP) manufacturing signature on mechanical performance of composite structures". Compos Struct 2019; 228: 111335. [35] Lan M, Cartié D, Davies P, Baley C. "Influence of embedded gap and overlap fiber placement defects on the microstructure and shear and compression properties of carbon–epoxy laminates". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2016; 82: 198–207. [36] Sawicki AJ, Minguet PJ. "Effect of intraply overlaps and gaps upon the compression strength of composite laminates". In: Collection of Technical Papers - AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA, 1998, pp. 744–754. [37] Nimbal SS, Banker MM, Roopa A, Varughese B, Sundaram R. "Effect of gap induced waviness on compressive strength of laminated composites". Mater Today Proc 2017; 4: 8355–8369. [38] Guin WE, Jackson JR, Bosley CM. "Effects of tow-to-tow gaps in composite laminates fabricated via automated fiber placement". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2018; 115: 66–75. [39] Marouene A, Legay P, Boukhili R. "Experimental and numerical investigation on the open-hole compressive strength of AFP composites containing gaps and overlaps". J Compos Mater 2017; 51: 3631–3646. [40] Falcó O, Lopes CS, Naya F, Sket F, Maimí P, Mayugo JA. "Modelling and simulation of tow-drop effects arising from the manufacturing of steered-fibre composites". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2017; 93: 59–71. [41] Elsherbini YM, Hoa S V. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of gaps on fatigue behavior of unidirectional carbon/epoxy automated fiber placement laminates". J Compos Mater 2017; 51: 759–772. [42] Elsherbini YM, Hoa S V. "Fatigue threshold-stress determination in AFP laminates containing gaps using IR thermography". Compos Sci Technol 2017; 146: 49–58. [43] Li X, Jones MI, Woigk W, Hallett SR, Wisnom MR. "Modelling the effect of interacting gaps and overlaps in automated fibre placement (AFP) manufactured laminates". Sci Eng Compos Mater 2015; 22: 115–129. [44] Noevere AT, Collier CS. "Mapping AFP manufacturing data from VCP to hypersizer for stress analysis and optimization". In: AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, 2018. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA, 2018. Epub ahead of print 2018. DOI: 10.2514/6.2018-0228. [45] Zhou W, Cheng Q, Xu Q, Zhu W, Ke Y. "Deformation and fracture mechanisms of automated fiber placement pre-preg laminates under out-of-plane tensile loading". Compos Struct 2021; 255: 112948. [46] Nguyen MH, Davidson P, Waas AM. "Experimental and numerical study on the tensile failure behavior of toughened-interlayer composite laminates with automated fiber placement (AFP) induced gap and overlap defects". Int J Mater Form 2020; 1–15. [47] Rhead, A. T.; Dodwell, T. J.; Butler R. "The effect of tow gaps on compression after impact strength of robotically laminated structures". C Comput Mater Contin 2013; 35: 1–16. [48] Hoa S V. "Principles of the Manufacturing of Composite Materials". DEStech Publications, Incorporated, https://books.google.ca/books?id=BiplTS70dw0C (2009). [49] Abrate S. "Impact on Laminated Composites: Recent Advances". Appl Mech Rev 1994; 47: 517. [50] Abrate S. "Impact on Laminated Composite Materials". Appl Mech Rev 1991; 44: 155–190. [51] Olsson R. "Analytical prediction of large mass impact damage in composite laminates". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2001; 32: 1207–1215. [52] Minak G, Abrate S, Ghelli D, Panciroli R, Zucchelli A. "Low-velocity impact on carbon / epoxy tubes subjected to torque – Experimental results , analytical models and FEM analysis". Compos Struct 2010; 92: 623–632. [53] Olsson R. "Analytical model for delamination growth during small mass impact on plates". Int J Solids Struct 2010; 47: 2884–2892. [54] Olsson R. "Analytical prediction of damage due to large mass impact on thin ply composites". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2015; 72: 184–191. [55] Ghayour M, Ganesan R, Hojjati M. "Interlaminar shear strength of the Carbon/Epoxy composites containing gaps induced by Automated Fiber Placement process". In: 11th Canadian-International Conference on Composites (CANCOM). 2019. [56] González EV, Maimí P, Camanho PP, Lopes CS, Blanco N. "Effects of ply clustering in laminated composite plates under low-velocity impact loading". Compos Sci Technol 2011; 71: 805–817. [57] Abdulhamid H, Bouvet C, Michel L, Aboissière J, Minot C. "Experimental study of compression after impact of asymmetrically tapered composite laminate". Compos Struct 2016; 149: 292–303. [58] Li N, Chen PH. "Micro–macro FE modeling of damage evolution in laminated composite plates subjected to low velocity impact". Compos Struct 2016; 147: 111–121. [59] Wang K, Zhao L, Hong H, Zhang J. "A strain-rate-dependent damage model for evaluating the low velocity impact induced damage of composite laminates". Compos Struct 2018; 201: 995–1003. [60] Li X, Ma D, Liu H, Tan W, et al. "Assessment of failure criteria and damage evolution methods for composite laminates under low-velocity impact". Compos Struct 2019; 207: 727–739. [61] Abrate S. "Impact on composite structures". New York, NY, USA : Cambridge University Press, 1998. [62] Yudhanto A, Wafai H, Lubineau G, Goutham S, et al. "Revealing the effects of matrix behavior on low-velocity impact response of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates". Compos Struct 2019; 210: 239–249. [63] Yang P, Shams S, Slay A, Brokate B, Elhajjar R. "Evaluation of temperature effects on low velocity impact damage in composite sandwich panels with polymeric foam cores". Compos Struct 2015; 129: 213–223. [64] Lopes CSS, Camanho PPP, Gürdal Z, Maimí P, González EV V. "Low-velocity impact damage on dispersed stacking sequence laminates. Part II: Numerical simulations". Compos Sci Technol 2009; 69: 937–947. [65] Woigk W, Hallett SR, Jones MI, Kuhtz M, Hornig A, Gude M. "Experimental investigation of the effect of defects in Automated Fibre Placement produced composite laminates". Compos Struct 2018; 201: 1004–1017. [66] Hyer MW, Lee HH. "The use of curvilinear fiber format to improve buckling resistance of composite plates with central circular holes". Compos Struct 1991; 18: 239–261. [67] Marouene A, Boukhili R, Chen J, Yousefpour A. "Buckling behavior of variable-stiffness composite laminates manufactured by the tow-drop method". Compos Struct 2016; 139: 243–253. [68] Gürdal Z., Tatting B. F., Wu K. C. "Variable stiffness panels, Effects of stiffness variation on in-plane and bending responses". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2005; 39: 911–922. [69] Lopes CS, Gürdal Z, Camanho PP. "Variable-stiffness composite panels: Buckling and first-ply failure improvements over straight-fibre laminates". Comput Struct 2008; 86: 897–907. [70] Setoodeh S, Abdalla MM, IJsselmuiden ST, Gürdal Z. "Design of variable-stiffness composite panels for maximum buckling load". Compos Struct 2009; 87: 109–117. [71] Rouhi M, Ghayoor H, Fortin-Simpson J, Zacchia TT, Hoa S V., Hojjati M. "Design, manufacturing, and testing of a variable stiffness composite cylinder". Compos Struct 2018; 184: 146–152. [72] Lan M, Cartié D, Davies P, Baley C. "Microstructure and tensile properties of carbon-epoxy laminates produced by automated fibre placement: Influence of a caul plate on the effects of gap and overlap embedded defects". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2015; 78: 124–134. [73] ASTM D7264/D7264M-07. "D7264/D7264M:Standard test method for flexural properties of polymer matrix composite materials". ASTM Stand 2007; i: 1–11. [74] "ASTM D2344/D2344M: Standard test method for short-beam strength of polymer matrix composite materials and their laminates". ASTM Stand. [75] Wriggers P, Zavarise G. "Computational Contact Mechanics". In: Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Epub ahead of print 15 November 2004. DOI: 10.1002/0470091355.ecm033. [76] Ebina M, Yoshimura A, Sakaue K, Waas AM. "High fidelity simulation of low velocity impact behavior of CFRP laminate". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2018; 113: 166–179. [77] Bondyra A, Klasztorny M, Szurgott P, Gotowicki P. "Numerical modelling and experimental verification of glass-polyester mixed laminate beam bending test". acta Mech Autom 2012; 6: 1–18. [78] McCarthy CT, O’Higgins RM, Frizzell RM. "A cubic spline implementation of non-linear shear behaviour in three-dimensional progressive damage models for composite laminates". Compos Struct 2010; 92: 173–181. [79] Jumahat A, Soutis C, Jones FR, Hodzic A. "Fracture mechanisms and failure analysis of carbon fibre/toughened epoxy composites subjected to compressive loading". Compos Struct 2010; 92: 295–305. [80] Shi Y, Pinna C, Soutis C. "Modelling impact damage in composite laminates: A simulation of intra- and inter-laminar cracking". Compos Struct 2014; 114: 10–19. [81] Hashin Z. "Failure criteria for unidirectional fiber composites". J Appl Mech 1980; 47: 329–334. [82] Pham DC, Cui X, Ren X, Lua J. "A discrete crack informed 3D continuum damage model and its application for delamination migration in composite laminates". Compos Part B Eng 2019; 165: 554–562. [83] Shi Y, Swait T, Soutis C. "Modelling damage evolution in composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact". Compos Struct 2012; 94: 2902–2913. [84] Jumahat A, Soutis C, Hodzic A. "A graphical method predicting the compressive strength of toughened unidirectional composite laminates". In: Applied Composite Materials, pp. 65–83. [85] Canal LP, Segurado J, LLorca J. "Failure surface of epoxy-modified fiber-reinforced composites under transverse tension and out-of-plane shear". Int J Solids Struct 2009; 46: 2265–2274. [86] Bai X, Bessa MA, Melro AR, Camanho PP, Guo L, Liu WK. "High-fidelity micro-scale modeling of the thermo-visco-plastic behavior of carbon fiber polymer matrix composites". Compos Struct 2015; 134: 132–141. [87] Fiedler B, Hojo M, Ochiai S, Schulte K, Ochi M. "Finite-element modeling of initial matrix failure in CFRP under static transverse tensile load". Compos Sci Technol 2001; 61: 95–105. [88] Tschoegl NW. "Failure surfaces in principal stress space". J Polym Sci Part C Polym Symp 1971; 32: 239–267. [89] Melro AR, Camanho PP, Andrade Pires FM, Pinho ST. "Micromechanical analysis of polymer composites reinforced by unidirectional fibres: Part I – Constitutive modelling". Int J Solids Struct 2013; 50: 1897–1905. [90] Camanho P, Davila CG. "Mixed-Mode Decohesion Finite Elements in for the Simulation Composite of Delamination Materials". Nasa 2002; TM-2002-21: 1–37. [91] Benzeggagh ML, Kenane M. "Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus". Compos Sci Technol 1996; 56: 439–449. [92] Camanho PP, Dávila GC. "Mixed-mode decohesion finite elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials". 2002. [93] Ghayour M, Hojjati M, Ganesan R. "Effect of Tow Gaps on Impact Strength of Thin Composite Laminates Made by Automated Fiber Placement: Experimental and Semi-Analytical Approaches". Compos Struct 2020; 248: 112536. [94] Ghayour M, Hosseini-Toudeshky H, Jalalvand M, Barbero EJEJ. "Micro/macro approach for prediction of matrix cracking evolution in laminated composites". J Compos Mater 2016; 50: 2647–2659. [95] Ghayour M, Chitsaz N, Hosseini-Toudeshky H, Barbero EJ. "Enhanced variational approach for damage analysis of laminated composite". Mech Adv Mater Struct 2019; 27: 1483–1493. [96] Nartey M, Zhang T, Gong B, Wang J, et al. "Understanding the impact of fibre wrinkle architectures on composite laminates through tailored gaps and overlaps". Compos Part B Eng 2020; 196: 108097. [97] Oromiehie E, Garbe U, Gangadhara Prusty B. "Porosity analysis of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer laminates manufactured using automated fibre placement". J Compos Mater 2020; 54: 1217–1231. [98] Nixon-Pearson O, Belnoue J-H, Ivanov D, Potter K, Hallett S. "An experimental investigation of the consolidation behaviour of uncured prepregs under processing conditions". J Compos Mater 2017; 51: 1911–1924. [99] Krogh C, Glud JA, Jakobsen J. "Modeling the robotic manipulation of woven carbon fiber prepreg plies onto double curved molds: A path-dependent problem". J Compos Mater 2019; 53: 2149–2164. [100] Marouene A, Legay P, Boukhili R. "Experimental and numerical investigation on the open-hole compressive strength of AFP composites containing gaps and overlaps". J Compos Mater 2017; 51: 3631–3646. [101] Ghayour M, Ganesan R, Hojjati M. "Flexural response of composite beams made by Automated Fiber Placement process: Effect of fiber tow gaps". Compos Part B Eng 2020; 201: 108368. [102] Melro AR, Camanho PP, Andrade Pires FM, Pinho ST. "Micromechanical analysis of polymer composites reinforced by unidirectional fibres: Part II – Micromechanical analyses". Int J Solids Struct 2013; 50: 1906–1915. [103] Aboudi J, Arnold S, Bednarcyk B. "Micromechanics of Composite Materials". 1st ed. Elsevier Inc., 2013. Epub ahead of print 2013. DOI: 10.1016/C2011-0-05224-9. [104] Raghavan P, Li S, Ghosh S. "Two scale response and damage modeling of composite materials". Finite Elem Anal Des 2004; 40: 1619–1640. [105] Naghdinasab M, Farrokhabadi A, Madadi H. "A numerical method to evaluate the material properties degradation in composite RVEs due to fiber-matrix debonding and induced matrix cracking". Finite Elem Anal Des 2018; 146: 84–95. [106] Paley M, Aboudi J. "Micromechanical analysis of composites by the generalized cells model". Mech Mater 1992; 14: 127–139. [107] ABOUDI J. "The Generalized Method of Cells and High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells Micromechanical Models—A Review". Mech Adv Mater Struct 2004; 11: 329–366. [108] Bednarcyk BA, Aboudi J, Arnold SM. "Micromechanics Modeling of Composites Subjected to Multiaxial Progressive Damage in the Constituents". AIAA J 2010; 48: 1367–1378. [109] Aboudi J, Arnold SM, Bednarcyk BA, Aboudi J, Arnold SM, Bednarcyk BA. "The Method of Cells Micromechanics". In: cob Aboudi, Steven M. Arnold BAB (ed) Micromechanics of Composite Materials. Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 147–226. [110] Fayazbakhsh K. "The impact of gaps and overlaps on variable stiffness composites manufactured by automated fiber placement". McGill University. [111] Cantwell W. "The impact resistance of composite materials - a review". Composites 1991; 5: 347–362. [112] Hampson PR, Moatamedi M. "A review of composite structures subjected to dynamic loading". Int J Crashworthiness 2007; 12: 411–428. [113] Richardson MO, Wisheart MJ. "Review of low-velocity impact properties of composite materials". Compos Part A 1996; 27: 1123–1131. [114] Ghayour M, Hojjati M, Ganesan R. "Induced defect layer method to characterize the effect of fiber tow gaps for the laminates manufactured by automated fiber placement technique:". https://doi.org/101177/00219983211031649 2021; 002199832110316. [115] Shah SZH, Karuppanan S, Megat-Yusoff PSM, Sajid Z. "Impact resistance and damage tolerance of fiber reinforced composites: A review". Compos Struct 2019; 217: 100–121. [116] Bogenfeld R, Kreikemeier J, Wille T. "Review and benchmark study on the analysis of low-velocity impact on composite laminates". Eng Fail Anal 2018; 86: 72–99. [117] Belnoue JP-H, Mesogitis T, Nixon-Pearson OJ, Kratz J, et al. "Understanding and predicting defect formation in automated fibre placement pre-preg laminates". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2017; 102: 196–206. [118] "Simulia. Abaqus 6.13 User’s manual". [119] Ghayour M, Ganesan R, Hojjati M. "Induced Defect Layer Method to characterize the effect of fiber tow gaps for the laminates manufactured by Automated Fiber Placement Technique". J Compos Mater. [120] Kendall K. "Cracks: a century of toughness". In: Crack Control. Elsevier, 2021, pp. 1–29. [121] Sebaey TA, Mahdi E. "Using thin-plies to improve the damage resistance and tolerance of aeronautical CFRP composites". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2016; 86: 31–38. [122] Soto A, González E V., Maimí P, Martín de la Escalera F, Sainz de Aja JR, Alvarez E. "Low velocity impact and compression after impact simulation of thin ply laminates". Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 2018; 109: 413–427. [123] Sihn S, Kim RY, Kawabe K, Tsai SW. "Experimental studies of thin-ply laminated composites". Compos Sci Technol 2007; 67: 996–1008. [124] Yokozeki T, Kuroda A, Yoshimura A, Ogasawara T, Aoki T. "Damage characterization in thin-ply composite laminates under out-of-plane transverse loadings". Compos Struct 2010; 93: 49–57.