Adams-Chapman, I., Bann, C., Carter, S., & Stoll, B. (2015). Language outcomes among ELBW infants in early childhood. Early Human Development, 91, 373–379. Aigen, K. (2005a). Philosophical inquiry. In B. L. Wheeler (Ed.), Music therapy research (2nd ed., pp. 526-539). Barcelona Publishers. Aigen, K. (2005b). Writing the qualitative research report. In B. L. Wheeler (Ed.), Music therapy research (2nd ed., pp. 210-225). Barcelona Publishers. Altimier, L., & Phillips, R. M. (2013). The neonatal integrative developmental care model: Seven neuroprotective core measures for family-centered developmental care. Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 13(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2012 Bainter, J., Fry, M., Miller, B., Miller, T., Nyberg, A., O’Dell, A., Shaffer, G., & Vernon, L. (2020). Family presence in the NICU: Constraints and opportunities in the COVID-19 era. Pediatric Nursing, 46(5), 256-259. BC Women’s Hospital & Health Centre (2022). Neonatal intensive care. http://www.bcwomens.ca/our-services/neonatal-care/neonatal-intensive-care Bieleninik, Ł., Ghetti, C., Gold, C. (2016). Music therapy for preterm infants and their parents: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics 138, e20160971. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0971 Brødsgaard, A., Pedersen, J. T., Larsen, P., & Weis, J. (2019). Parents’ and nurses’ experiences of partnership in neonatal intensive care units: A qualitative review and meta-synthesis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 28(17–18), 3117–3139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14920 Cristóbal Cañadas, D., Bonillo Perales, A., Galera Martínez, R., Casado-Belmonte, M., Parrón Carreño, T. (2022). Effects of Kangaroo Mother Care in the NICU on the physiological stress parameters of premature infants: A meta-analysis of RCTs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010583 Canadian Association of Music Therapists (n.d.). MTA credentials and members. https://www.musictherapy.ca/about-camt-music-therapy/mta-credentials-members/ Canadian Neonatal Network (2021). The Canadian neonatal network annual report 2020. https://www.canadianneonatalnetwork.org/portal/Portals/0/2020%20CNN%20report_Oct%201%20Final.pdf Cho, E., Kim, S., Kwon, M., Cho, H., Kim, E. H., Jun, E. M., & Lee, S. (2016). The effects of kangaroo care in the neonatal intensive care unit on the physiological functions of preterm infants, maternal–infant attachment, and maternal stress. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(4), 430–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2016.02.007 Chorna, O., Slaughter, J., Wang, L., Stark, A., Maitre, N. (2014). A pacifier-activated music player with mother’s voice improves oral feeding in preterm infants. Pediatrics 133(3), 462–468. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2547 Clements-Cortès, A. (2012). The pacifier activated lullaby device. Canadian Music Educator / Musicien Educateur au Canada, 54(2), 55-57. Clements-Cortès, A. (2015). Music therapy with premature infants in the NICU. Canadian Music Educator, 56(3), 31-32. Craig, J., Glick, C., Phillips, R., Hall, S., Smith, J., & Browne, J. (2015). Recommendations for involving the family in developmental care of the NICU baby. Journal of Perinatology, 35(S1), S5–S8. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.142 Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Critical Care Services Ontario (n.d.). Neonatal intensive care. https://criticalcareontario.ca/about/neonatal-intensive-care/ Ding, X., Zhu, L., Zhang, R., Wang, L., Wang, T., & Latour, J. (2019). Effects of family-centred care interventions on preterm infants and parents in neonatal intensive care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Australian Critical Care, 32(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2018.10.007 Dokken, D. L., Johnson, B. H., President, I., & Markwell, H. J. (2021). Family presence during a pandemic: Guidance for decision-making. Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care. https://www.ipfcc.org/bestpractices/covid-19/IPFCC_Family_Presence.pdf Duff, J., Curnen, K., Reed, A., & Kranz, C. (2021). Engaging parents of hospitalized neonates during a pandemic. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 27(3), 185–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2020.11.013 Edwards, H., Phillips, C., Esterman, A., Buisman-Pijlman, F., & Gordon, A. (2017). Risk factors and assessment tools for mother-infant bonding: a scoping review to assist future research. Evidence Based Midwifery, 4, 128. Ettenberger, M. (2017). Music therapy in the neonatal intensive care unit: Putting the families at the center of care. British Journal of Music Therapy, 31(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359457516685881 Ettenberger, M., Bieleninik, Ł., Epstein, S., & Elefant, C. (2021). Defining attachment and bonding: Overlaps, differences and implications for music therapy clinical practice and research in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041733 Ettenberger, M., Odell-Miller, H., Rojas Cárdenas, C., & Parker, M. (2017). Family-centred music therapy with preterm infants and their parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Colombia: A mixed-methods study. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 26(3), 207–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2016.1205650 Fancott, C., Yonadam, A., Checkley, J., Drury, J., Hahn-Goldberg, S., Warren, H., Biggs, A., & Judd, M. (2021). Advancing family presence policies and practices in the Canadian health and care context: COVID-19 and beyond. Healthcare Quarterly, 24(1), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2021.26470 Franck, L., & O’Brien, K. (2019). The evolution of family-centered care: From supporting parent-delivered interventions to a model of family integrated care. Birth Defects Research, 111(15), 1044–1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1521 C Feeley, N., Gottlieb, L., & Zelkowitz, P. (2007). Mothers and fathers of very low-birthweight infants: Similarities and differences in the first year after birth. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 36(6), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00186.x Gooding, J., Cooper, L., Blaine, A., Franck, L., Howse, J. & Berns, S. (2011). Family support and family-centered care in the neonatal intensive care unit: Origins, advances, impact. Seminars in perinatology, 35(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2010.10.004 Government of Canada (2019, September 17). Canada’s health care system. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/health-care-system/reports-publications/health-care-system/canada.html Hadley, S., & Norris, M. (2016). Musical multicultural competency in music therapy: The first step. Music Therapy Perspectives, 34(2), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miv045 Hanson-Abromeit, D. (2008). Family centred music therapy: A commentary on Shoemark and Dearn's 2008 article. Australian Journal of Music Therapy, 19, 25–26. Harrison, H. (1993). The principles for family-centered neonatal care. Pediatrics, 92(5), 643–650. Haslbeck, F. (2012). Music therapy for premature infants and their parents: An integrative review. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 21(3), 203-226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2011.648653 Haslbeck, F. B. (2013). The interactive potential of creative music therapy with premature infants and their parents: A qualitative analysis. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 23(1), 36–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2013.790918 Haslbeck, F. (2015). Empowerment and empowering self: Using creative music therapy to reconnect premature infants and their mothers. In C. Dileo (Ed.), Advanced practice in medical music therapy: Case reports (pp. 20–32). Jeffrey Books. Haslbeck, F. B., & Bassler, D. (2020). Clinical practice protocol of Creative Music Therapy for preterm infants and their parents in the neonatal intensive care unit. JOVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), 155, e60412. https://doi.org/10.3791/60412 Haslbeck, F., & Costes, T. (2011). Advanced training in music therapy with premature infants: Impressions from the United States and a starting point for Europe. British Journal of Music Therapy, 25(2), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F135945751102500203 Haslbeck, F., & Hugoson, P. (2017). Sounding together: Family-centered music therapy as facilitator for parental singing during skin-to-skin contact. In M. Filippa, P. Kuhn, & B. Westrup (Eds.), Early vocal contact and preterm infant brain development: Bridging the gaps between research and practice (pp. 217–238). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65077-7_13 Hastings, Laura (2019). Practices and perspectives of music therapists working with infants in Canadian neonatal intensive care units. [Unpublished master's thesis]. Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Concordia University. Healthcare Excellence Canada. (2020, July). Re-Integration of family caregivers as essential partners in care in a time of COVID-19. Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement. https://www.cfhi-fcass.ca/innovations-tools-resources/item-detail/2020/07/08/re-integration-of-family-caregivers-as-essential-partners-in-care-in-a-time-of-covid-19 Hutchings, S. (2021). Decolonise this space. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v21i3.3350 Institute for Patient and Family-Centered Care (IPFCC). (n.d.). What is PFCC? www.ipfcc.org/about/pfcc.html Johnson, B., Abraham, M., Simmons, L., Edgman-Levitan, S., Sodomka, P., Schlucter, J., & Ford, D. (2008). Partnering with patients and families to design a patient- and family-centered health care system: Recommendations and promising practices. Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care. http://www.ipfcc.org/resources/PartneringwithPatientsandFamilies.pdf Kehl, S., La Marca-Ghaemmaghami, P., Haller, M., Pichler-Stachl, E., Bucher, H., Bassler, D., Haslbeck, F. (2021). Creative Music Therapy with premature infants and their parents: A mixed-method pilot study on parents’ anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms and parent–infant attachment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010265 Keilty, K., Nicholas, D., Sappleton, K., & Karmali, K. (2014). Paediatric patient-centred care at SickKids: Advancing child & family-centred care. In R. Zlotnik Shaul (Ed.), Paediatric patient and family-centred care: Ethical and legal issues (pp. 129–143). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0323-8_8 Kostilainen, K., Mikkola, K., Erkkilä, J., & Huotilainen, M. (2020). Effects of maternal singing during kangaroo care on maternal anxiety, wellbeing, and mother-infant relationship after preterm birth: A mixed methods study. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 30(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131.2020.1837210 Kuo, D., Houtrow, A., Arango, P., Kuhlthau, K., Simmons, J., & Neff, J. (2012). Family-centered care: Current applications and future directions in pediatric health care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16(2), 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-011-0751-7 Loewy, J., Stewart, A., Dassler, Telsey, A., & Homel, P. (2013). The effects of music therapy on vital signs, feeding and sleep in premature infants. Pediatrics, 131(5), 902–918. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1367d Loewy, J., Rossetti, A., Dassler, A., & Telsey, A. (2021). Assessing & treating trauma: Music psychotherapy for parents of neonates. Music and Medicine, 13(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v13i2.829 Loewy, J. (2004). A clinical model of music therapy in the NICU. In M. Nöcker-Ribaupierre (Ed.), Music therapy for premature and newborn infants (pp. 159–176). Barcelona Publishers. Loewy, J. (2015). NICU music therapy: Song of kin as critical lullaby in research and practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1337(1), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12648 Loscalzo, Y., Antichi, L., Cipriani, G., Magi, L., & Giannini, M. (2021). Premature Triadic Music Therapy (PT-MT) for babies and their parents: A pilot study. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2021.1979199 McLean, E., McFerran, K., & Thompson, G. (2019). Parents’ musical engagement with their baby in the neonatal unit to support emerging parental identity: A grounded theory study. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 25(2), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2018.09.005 Malloch, S., Shoemark, H., Črnčec, R., Newnham, C., Paul, C., Prior, M., & Burnham, D. (2012). Music therapy with hospitalized infants - the art and science of communicative musicality. Infant Mental Health Journal, 33(4), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21346 McNally, M., & Martin, D. (2017). First Nations, Inuit and Métis health: Considerations for Canadian health leaders in the wake of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada report. Healthcare Management Forum, 30(2), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470416680445 Miles, M., Holditch-Davis, D., Schwartz, T., & Scher, M. (2007). Depressive symptoms in mothers of prematurely born infants. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 28(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.DBP.0000257517.52459.7a Misund, A., Nerdrum, P., & Diseth, T. (2014). Mental health in women experiencing preterm birth. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14, 263. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-263 Mondanaro, J., Ettenberger, M., Park, L. (2016). Mars rising: Music therapy and the increasing presence of fathers in the NICU. Music & Medicine, 8(3), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i3.440 Negrete, B. (2020). Meeting the challenges of the COVID- 19 pandemic: Virtual developmental music therapy class for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatric Nursing, 46(4), 198-201, 206. http://www.pediatricnursing.net/news/FamilyMatters_JA_20.pdf Nöcker-Ribaupierre, M. (2015). Internationale musiktherapeutische ansätze für frühgeborene kinder/ International music therapy approaches with premature Infants. Musiktherapeutische Umschau, 36(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.13109/muum.2015.36.2.106 Nordoff, P., & Robbins, C. (1977). Creative music therapy: Individualized treatment for the handicapped child. John Day Company. O’Brien, K., Bracht, M., Robson, K., Ye, X. Y., Mirea, L., Cruz, M., Ng, E., Monterrosa, L., Soraisham, A., Alvaro, R., Narvey, M., Da Silva, O., Lui, K., Tarnow-Mordi, W., & Lee, S. K. (2015). Evaluation of the Family Integrated Care model of neonatal intensive care: A cluster randomized controlled trial in Canada and Australia. BMC Pediatrics, 15(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-015-0527-0 O’Brien, K., Robson, K., Bracht, M., Cruz, M., Lui, K., Alvaro, R., da Silva, O., Monterrosa, L., Narvey, M., Ng, E., Soraisham, A., Ye, X. Y., Mirea, L., Tarnow-Mordi, W., Lee, S. K., O’Brien, K., Lee, S., Bracht, M., Caouette, G., Hales, D. (2018). Effectiveness of Family Integrated Care in neonatal intensive care units on infant and parent outcomes: A multicentre, multinational, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 2(4), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30039-7 Palazzi, A., Meschini, R., & Piccinini, C. (2021). NICU music therapy effects on maternal mental health and preterm infant’s emotional arousal. Infant Mental Health Journal, 42(5), 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21938 Puthussery, S., Chutiyami, M., Tseng, P.-C., Kilby, L., & Kapadia, J. (2018). Effectiveness of early intervention programs for parents of preterm infants: A meta-review of systematic reviews. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 223. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1205-9 Raiskila, S., Axelin, A., Toome, L., Caballero, S., Tandberg, B., Montirosso, R., Normann, E., Hallberg, B., Westrup B., Ewald, U., & Lehtonen, L. (2017). Parents' presence and parent-infant closeness in 11 neonatal intensive care units in six European countries vary between and within the countries. Acta Paediatrica, 106(6), 878–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13798 Roa, E., & Ettenberger, M. (2018). Music therapy self-care group for parents of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit: A clinical pilot intervention. Medicines, 5(4), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines5040134 Rolvsjord, R. (2010). Resource-oriented music therapy in mental health care. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona. Rossetti, A. (2020). Environmental music therapy (EMT): Music’s contribution to changing hospital atmospheres and perceptions of environments. Music and Medicine, 12(2), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v12i2.742 Sannino, P., Giannì, M., De Bon, G., Fontana, C., Picciolini, O., Plevani, L., Fumagalli, M., Consonni, D., & Mosca, F. (2016). Support to mothers of premature babies using NIDCAP method: A non-randomized controlled trial. Early Human Development, 95, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2016.01.016 Serlachius, A., Hames, J., Juth, V., Garton, D., Rowley, S., & Petrie, K. (2018). Parental experiences of family-centred care from admission to discharge in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 54(11), 1227–1233. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.14063 Shoemark, H. (2008). Infant-directed singing as a vehicle for regulation rehearsal in the medically fragile full-term infant. Voices: A world forum for music therapy. 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15845/voices.v8i2.437 Shoemark, H., Dearn, T. (2008). Keeping parents at the centre of family-centred music therapy with hospitalised infants. The Australian Journal of Music Therapy, 19, 3–24. Shoemark, H. & Dearn, T. (2016). Music therapy in the medical care of infants. In J. Edwards (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of music therapy (pp. 24-52). Oxford University Press. Smith, W. (2018). Concept analysis of family-centered care of hospitalized pediatric patients. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 42, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2018.06.014 Standley, J. (2003). The effect of contingent music to increase non-nutritive sucking of premature infants. Pediatric Nursing, 26, 493-495, 498-499. Standley, J. (2012): Music therapy research in the NICU: An updated meta-analysis. Neonatal Network, 31(5), 311-316. https://doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.31.5.311 Standley, J., & Gutierrez, C. (2020). Benefits of a comprehensive evidence-based NICU-MT program: Family-centered, neurodevelopmental music therapy for premature infants. Pediatric Nursing, 46(1), 40–46. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2355332692?accountid=10246 Standley, J., & Madsen, C. (1990). Comparison of infant preferences and responses to auditory stimuli: Music, mother, and other female voice. Journal of Music Therapy, 27(2), 54–97. Standley, J., & Walworth, D. (2010). Music therapy with premature infants: research and developmental interventions (2nd ed.). American Music Therapy Association. Statistics Canada. (2021, September 28). Births, 2020. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210928/dq210928d-eng.htm Stige, B. & Strand, R. (2016). Philosophical inquiries. In K. M. Murphy & B. L. Wheeler (Eds.), Music therapy research (3rd ed., Ch 64). Barcelona Publishers. Teckenberg-Jansson, P., Huotilainen, M., Pölkki, T., Lipsanen, J., & Järvenpää, A.-L. (2011). Rapid effects of neonatal music therapy combined with kangaroo care on prematurely-born infants. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 20(1), 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08098131003768123 Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and reconciliation commission of Canada: Calls to action. National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation. https://nctr.ca/records/reports/#trc-reports Turpel-Lafond, M. E. (2020). In plain sight: Addressing Indigenous-specific racism and discrimination in B.C. health care. Government of British Columbia. https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/613/2020/11/In-Plain-Sight-Full-Report.pdf Ullsten, A., Eriksson, M., Klässbo, M., & Volgsten, U. (2018). Singing, sharing, soothing – biopsychosocial rationales for parental infant-directed singing in neonatal pain management: A theoretical approach. Music & Science, 1, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059204318780841 Ullsten, A., Gaden, T., & Mangersnes, J. (2020). Development of family-centred care informing Nordic neonatal music therapy. In L. O. Bonde & K. Johansson (Eds.), Music in paediatric hospitals – Nordic perspectives (pp. 1–25). Norwegian Academy of Music. van Veenendaal, N. R., van Kempen, A. A., Franck, L., O’Brien, K., Limpens, J., van der Lee, J. H., van Goudoever, J. B., & van der Schoor, S. R. (2020). Hospitalising preterm infants in single family rooms versus open bay units: A systematic review and meta-analysis of impact on parents. EClinicalMedicine, 23, 100388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100388 Vernon, R., & Papps, E. (2015). Cultural safety and continuing competence. In D. Wepa (Ed.), Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. Walworth, D., Standley, J. M., Robertson, A., Smith, A., Swedberg, O., & Peyton, J. J. (2012). Effects of neurodevelopmental stimulation on premature infants in neonatal intensive care: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 18(6), 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2012.01.001 Whipple, J. (2000). The effect of parent training in music and multimodal stimulation on parent-neonate interactions in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Music Therapy, 37(4), 250–268. Whipple, J. (2005). Music and multimodal stimulation as developmental intervention in neonatal intensive care. Music Therapy Perspectives, 23(2), 100–105. Wright, A. L., Ballantyne, M., & Wahoush, O. (2020). Caring for Indigenous families in the neonatal intensive care unit. Nursing Inquiry, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12338 Yakobson, D.; Gold, C.; Beck, B.; Elefant, C.; Bauer-Rusek, S.; Arnon, S. (2021). Effects of live music therapy on autonomic stability in preterm infants: A cluster- randomized controlled trial. Children, 8(11),1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8111077 Yaman, S., Altay, N. (2015). Posttraumatic stress and experiences of parents with a new-born in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 33(2), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2014.990872