Alberta Infrastructure, 2017. Solar photovoltaic guidelines: Planning and installation for Alberta infrastructure projects. https://www.alberta.ca/assets/documents/tr/tr-solarpvguide.pdf
Alrawashdeh, H., 2015. Wind pressures on flat roof edges and corners of large low buildings. Master's Thesis, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
Alrawashdeh, H., Stathopoulos, T., 2015. Wind pressures on large roofs of low buildings and wind codes and standards. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 147, 212–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.09.014
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2017. Wind effects on roof-mounted solar panels. Proceedings of the 2nd Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience (CESARE’17), May 3-8, Amman, Jordan.
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2018. A critical review of wind load provisions for solar panel design. Presented in Structures Congress Conference, ASCE, April 19-21, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2019a. Wind loads on solar panels mounted on flat roofs: Effect of geometric scale. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Wind Engineering, September 1-6, Beijing, China.
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2019b. Reliable evaluation of wind loads on roof-mounted solar panels using wind-tunnel models. Proceedings of the 27th Canadian Congress of Applied Mechanics (27th CANCAM), May 27-30, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
Alrawashdeh, H., Stathopoulos, T., 2020. Wind loads on solar panels mounted on flat roofs: Effect of geometric scale. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 206, 104339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104339
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2022a. Critical considerations for modeling roof-mounted solar panels in atmospheric wind tunnels. Proceedings of the 3rd Coordinating Engineering for Sustainability and Resilience (CESARE'22), pp. 22-32, 6-9 May, Irbid, Jordan.
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2022b. Experimental investigation of the wind loading on solar panels: effects of clearance off flat roofs. Journal of Structural Engineering (ASCE), 148 (12), 04022202 (1-18). https://doi.org/10.1061/JSENDH/STENG-10957
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2022c. Testing rooftop solar panels in atmospheric wind tunnels: state-of-the-practice. Presented in the 14th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering, 17-19 May, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Alrawashdeh H., Stathopoulos T., 2022d. Wind loading of rooftop PV panels cover plate: A codification-oriented study. Proceedings of the 8th European-African Conference on Wind Engineering, September 20-23, Bucharest, Romania.
Aly, A.M., 2016. On the evaluation of wind loads on solar panels: The scale issue. Solar Energy 135, 423–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.06.018
Aly, A.M., Bitsuamlak, G., 2014. Wind-induced pressures on solar panels mounted on residential homes. Journal of Architectural Engineering 20, 04013003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000132
Aly, A.M., Bitsuamlak, G., 2013. Aerodynamics of ground-mounted solar panels: Test model scale effects. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 123, 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.07.007
ASCE/SEI 7, 2022. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784415788
ASCE/SEI 49, 2021. Wind tunnel testing for buildings and other structures. American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784415740
Banks, D., 2013. The role of corner vortices in dictating peak wind loads on tilted flat solar panels mounted on large, flat roofs. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 123, 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.015
Browne, M.T.L., Gibbons, M.P.M., Gamble, S., Galsworthy, J., 2013. Wind loading on tilted roof-top solar arrays: The parapet effect. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 123, 202–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.013
Candelario, J.D., Stathopoulos, T., Zisis, I., 2014. Wind loading on attached canopies: Codification study. Journal of Structural Engineering 140, 4014007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001007
Cao, J., Yoshida, A., Saha, P.K., Tamura, Y., 2013. Wind loading characteristics of solar arrays mounted on flat roofs. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 123, 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.014
Chevalier, H., Norton, D., 1979. Wind loads on solar collector panels and support structure. Technical Report, Texas A and M University, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.2172/5350425
Durst, C.S., 1960. The statistical variation of wind with distance. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 86, 543–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49708637012
Ginger, J., Payne, M., Stark, G., Sumant, B., Leitch, C., 2011. Investigations on wind loads applied to solar panels mounted on roofs. Cyclone Testing Station (Report No. TS821), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
Hunt, A., 1982. Wind-tunnel measurements of surface pressures on cubic building models at several scales. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 10, 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(82)90061-7
JIS C 8955, 2017. Load design guide on structures for photovoltaic array. Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Kopp, G.A., 2014. Wind loads on low-profile, tilted, solar arrays placed on large, flat, low-rise building roofs. Journal of Structural Engineering 140, 04013057. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000825
Kopp, G.A., Farquhar, S., Morrison, M.J., 2012. Aerodynamic mechanisms for wind loads on tilted, roof-mounted, solar arrays. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 111, 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2012.08.004
Mooneghi, M., Irwin, P., Gan Chowdhury, A., 2016. Partial turbulence simulation method for predicting peak wind loads on small structures and building appurtenances. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 157, 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JWEIA.2016.08.003
Naeiji, A., Raji, F., Zisis, I., 2017. Wind loads on residential scale rooftop photovoltaic panels. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 168, 228–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.06.006
NBCC, 2020. National Building Code of Canada 2020. Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
PV Magazine, 2018. In case of hurricane, apply Enphase, tighten bolts and mind your wind codes! https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/11/29/in-case-of-hurricane-apply-enphase-and-mind-your-wind-codes/
Rabinovitch, J., 2019. Design guide for rooftop solar. RJC Engineers Firm. https://www.rjc.ca/rjc-media/research/design-guide-for-rooftop-solar.html
Radu, A., Axinte, E., 1989. Wind forces on structures supporting solar collectors. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 32, 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(89)90020-2
Radu, A., Axinte, E., Theohari, C., 1986. Steady wind pressures on solar collectors on flat-roofed buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 23, 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(86)90046-2
Saathoff, P.J., Stathopoulos, T., 1992. Wind loads on buildings with sawtooth roofs. Journal of Structural Engineering 118, 429–446. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1992)118:2(429)
SEAOC, 2012. Report SEAOC PV2-2012: Wind design for solar photovoltaic arrays on flat roofs. SEAOC Solar Photovoltaic Systems Committee, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
SEAOC, 2017. Report SEAOC PV2-2017: Wind design for solar arrays. SEAOC Solar Photovoltaic Systems Committee, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Stathopoulos, T., 1984. Design and fabrication of a wind tunnel for building aerodynamics. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 16, 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(84)90018-7
Stathopoulos, T., Dumitrescu-Brulotte, M., 1989. Design recommendations for wind loading on buildings of intermediate height. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, 910–916. https://doi.org/10.1139/L89-134
Stathopoulos, T., Elsharawy, M., Galal, K., 2013. Wind load combinations including torsion for rectangular medium-rise building. International Journal of High-Rise Buildings 2(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.21022/IJHRB.2013.2.3.245
Stathopoulos, T., Mohammadian, A.R., 1991. Modelling of wind pressures on monoslope roofs. Engineering Structures 13, 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(91)90039-F
Stathopoulos, T., Surry, D., 1983. Scale effects in wind tunnel testing of low buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 13, 313–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(83)90152-6
Stathopoulos, T., Wang, K., Wu, H., 2000. Proposed new Canadian wind provisions for the design of gable roofs. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, 1059–1072. https://doi.org/10.1139/l00-023
Stathopoulos, T., Zisis, I., Xypnitou, E., 2014. Local and overall wind pressure and force coefficients for solar panels. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 125, 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.12.007
Stenabaugh, S.E., Karava, P., Kopp, G.A., 2010. Design Wind Loads for Photovoltaic Systems on Sloped Roofs of Residential Buildings. Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (Report BLWT 4–2010), London, ON, Canada.
Stenabaugh, S.E., Iida, Y., Kopp, G.A., Karava, P., 2015. Wind loads on photovoltaic arrays mounted parallel to sloped roofs on low-rise buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 139, 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.01.007.
Tieleman, H.W., Reinhold, T.A., Hajj, M.R., 1997. Importance of turbulence for the prediction of surface pressures on low-rise structures. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 69–71, 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00182-7
Wang, J., van Phuc, P., Yang, Q., Tamura, Y., 2020a. LES study of wind pressure and flow characteristics of flat-roof-mounted solar arrays. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 198, 104096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104096
Wang, J., Yang, Q., Tamura, Y., 2018. Effects of building parameters on wind loads on flat-roof-mounted solar arrays. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 174, 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.12.023
Wang, J., Yang, Q., van Phuc, P., Tamura, Y., 2020b. Characteristics of conical vortices and their effects on wind pressures on flat-roof-mounted solar arrays by LES. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 200, 104146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2020.104146
Wood, G.S., Denoon, R.O., Kwok, K.C.S., 2001. Wind loads on industrial solar panel arrays and supporting roof structure. Wind and Structures, An International Journal 4, 481–494. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2001.4.6.481