1. Yarnitsky D. Role of endogenous pain modulation in chronic pain mechanisms and treatment. Pain. 2015;156:S24-S31. 2. Yarnitsky D, Arendt-Nielsen L, Bouhassira D, et al. Recommendations on terminology and practice of psychophysical DNIC testing. Eur J Pain. 2010;14(4):339. 3. Pud D, Granovsky Y, Yarnitsky D. The methodology of experimentally induced diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC)-like effect in humans. Pain. 2009;144(1-2):16-19. 4. Kennedy DL, Kemp HI, Ridout D, Yarnitsky D, Rice ASC. Reliability of conditioned pain modulation: a systematic review. Pain. 2016;157(11):2410-2419. 5. Lewis GN, Rice DA, McNair PJ. Conditioned pain modulation in populations with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2012;13(10):936-944. 6. Lewis GN, Heales L, Rice DA, Rome K, McNair PJ. Reliability of the conditioned pain modulation paradigm to assess endogenous inhibitory pain pathways. Pain Res Manag. 2012;17(2):98-102. 7. Le Bars D, Dickenson AH, Besson J. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). I. Effects on dorsal horn convergent neurones in the rat. Pain. 1979;6(3):283-304. 8. Le Bars D, Dickenson AH, Besson J. Diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC). II. Lack of effect on non-convergent neurones, supraspinal involvement and theoretical implications. Pain. 1979;6(3):305-327. 9. Staud R. The important role of CNS facilitation and inhibition for chronic pain. Int J Clin Rheumtol. 2013;8(6):639-646. 10. Yarnitsky D, Bouhassira D, Drewes AM, et al. Recommendations on practice of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) testing. Eur J Pain. 2015;19(6):805-806. 11. Mitchell LA, MacDonald RAR, Brodie EE. Temperature and the cold pressor test. The Journal of Pain. 2004;5(4):233-237. 12. McDougall J, Jutzeler CR, Scott A, Crocker PRE, Kramer JLK. Conditioned pain modulation in elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Pain. 2020;20(3):429-438. 13. Etherton J, Lawson M, Graham R. Individual and gender differences in subjective and objective indices of pain: gender, fear of pain, pain catastrophizing and cardiovascular reactivity. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014;39(2):89-97. 14. Lentini M, Scalia J, Lebel FB, et al. Association Between Pain Catastrophizing and Pain and Cardiovascular Changes During a Cold-Pressor Test in Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2021;56(5):473-483. 15. Granot M, Weissman-Fogel I, Crispel Y, et al. Determinants of endogenous analgesia magnitude in a diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) paradigm: do conditioning stimulus painfulness, gender and personality variables matter? Pain. 2008;136(1-2):142-149. 16. Park G, Kim CW, Park SB, Kim MJ, Jang SH. Reliability and usefulness of the pressure pain threshold measurement in patients with myofascial pain. Ann Rehabil Med. 2011;35(3):412-417. 17. Olesen SS, van Goor H, Bouwense SAW, Wilder-Smith OHG, Drewes AM. Reliability of Static and Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing in Patients With Painful Chronic Pancreatitis. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine. 2012;37(5):530-536. 18. Nuwailati R, Bobos P, Drangsholt M, Curatolo M. Reliability of conditioned pain modulation in healthy individuals and chronic pain patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Pain. 2022;22(2):262-278. 19. Oono Y, Nie H, Matos RL, Wang K, Arendt-Nielsen L. The inter- and intra-individual variance in descending pain modulation evoked by different conditioning stimuli in healthy men. Scand J Pain. 2011;2(4):162-169. 20. Miranda J, Lamana SMS, Dias EV, Athie M, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. Effect of pain chronification and chronic pain on an endogenous pain modulation circuit in rats. Neuroscience. 2015;286:37-44. 21. Ossipov MH, Dussor GO, Porreca F. Central modulation of pain. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2010;120(11):3779-3787. 22. Tesarz J, Schuster AK, Hartmann M, Gerhardt A, Eich W. Pain perception in athletes compared to normally active controls: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Pain. 2012;153(6):1253-1262. 23. Sullivan MJL, Tripp DA, Rodgers WM, Stanish W. Catastrophizing and pain perception in sport participants. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2000;12(2):151-167. 24. Pettersen SD, Aslaksen PM, Pettersen SA. Pain Processing in Elite and High-Level Athletes Compared to Non-athletes. Front Psychol. 2020;11:9. 25. Scott V, Gijsbers K. Pain perception in competitive swimmers. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1981;283(6284):91-93. 26. Thornton C, Sheffield D, Baird A. longitudinal exploration of pain tolerance and participation in contact sports. Scand J Pain. 2017;16:36-44. 27. Manning EL, Fillingim RB. The influence of athletic status and gender on experimental pain responses. The Journal of Pain. 2002;3(6):421-428. 28. Geva N, Defrin R. Enhanced pain modulation among triathletes: a possible explanation for their exceptional capabilities. Pain. 2013;154(11):2317-2323. 29. Flood A, Waddington G, Cathcart S. Examining the relationship between endogenous pain modulation capacity and endurance exercise performance. Res Sports Med. 2017;25(3):300-312. 30. Assa T, Geva N, Zarkh Y, Defrin R. The type of sport matters: Pain perception of endurance athletes versus strength athletes. Eur J Pain. 2019;23(4):686-696. 31. Tesarz J, Gerhardt A, Schommer K, Treede RD, Eich W. Alterations in endogenous pain modulation in endurance athletes: an experimental study using quantitative sensory testing and the cold-pressor task. Pain. 2013;154(7):1022-1029. 32. Peterson JA, Schubert DJ, Campbell J, Bemben MG, Black CD. Endogenous Pain Inhibitory Function: Endurance-Trained Athletes vs Active Controls. Pain Medicine. 2019;20(9):1822-1830. 33. Deroche T, Woodman T, Stephan Y, Brewer B, Scanff C. Athletes' inclination to play through pain: A coping perspective. Anxiety, stress, and coping. 2011;24:579-587. 34. Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment. 1995;7(4):524-532. 35. Sullivan MJL, Thorn B, Haythornthwaite JA, et al. Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain. 2001;17(1):52-64. 36. Quartana PJ, Campbell CM, Edwards RR. Pain catastrophizing: a critical review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2009;9(5):745-758. 37. Weissman-Fogel I, Sprecher E, Pud D. Effects of catastrophizing on pain perception and pain modulation. Exp Brain Res. 2008;186(1):79-85. 38. Keefe FJ, Rumble ME, Scipio CD, Giordano LA, Perri LM. Psychological aspects of persistent pain: current state of the science. J Pain. 2004;5(4):195-211. 39. Ellis A. Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Oxford, England: Lyle Stuart; 1962. 40. Beck AT. Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford press; 1979. 41. Chaves JF, Brown JM. Spontaneous cognitive strategies for the control of clinical pain and stress. J Behav Med. 1987;10(3):263-276. 42. Rosenstiel AK, Keefe FJ. The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. Pain. 1983;17(1):33-44. 43. Mannes Zachary LZ, Mannes ZL, Ferguson EG, Ennis N. Negative Health Consequences of Pain Catastrophizing Among Retired National Football League Athletes. Health Psychology. 2020;39(5):452-462. 44. Tripp DA, Stanish W, Ebel-Lam A, Brewer BW, Birchard J. Fear of reinjury, negative affect, and catastrophizing predicting return to sport in recreational athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injuries at 1 year postsurgery. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 2011;1(S):38-48. 45. Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF-36 BPS), and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63 Suppl 11:S240-252. 46. Kregel J, van Wilgen CP, Zwerver J. Pain assessment in patellar tendinopathy using pain pressure threshold algometry: an observational study. Pain Med. 2013;14(11):1769-1775. 47. Dover G, Amar V. Development and Validation of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire. J Athl Train. 2015;50(6):634-642. 48. Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs G. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Vol IV1983. 49. Barnes LL, Barnes LLB, Harp D, Jung WS. Reliability generalization of scores on the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2002;62(4):603-618. 50. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. 2nd Ed. ed. Hillside, NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.; 1988. 51. Berkley KJ. Sex differences in pain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1997;20(3):371-380. 52. Unruh AM. Gender variations in clinical pain experience. Pain. 1996;65(2-3):123-167. 53. Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL, 3rd. Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain. 2009;10(5):447-485. 54. Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-58. 55. Fillingim R. Biopsychosocial contributions to sex differences in pain. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2015;122(6):769-769. 56. Samulowitz A, Gremyr I, Eriksson E, Hensing G. "Brave Men" and "Emotional Women": A Theory-Guided Literature Review on Gender Bias in Health Care and Gendered Norms towards Patients with Chronic Pain. Pain Res Manag. 2018;2018:6358624. 57. Riley Iii JL, Robinson ME, Wise EA, Myers CD, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in the perception of noxious experimental stimuli: a meta-analysis. Pain. 1998;74(2):181-187. 58. Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Marchand S. Excitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms during the menstrual cycle in healthy women. Pain. 2009;146(1-2):47-55. 59. Cimmino MA, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Epidemiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2011;25(2):173-183. 60. Sullivan MJL, Tripp DA, Santor D. Gender differences in pain and pain behavior: The role of catastrophizing. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2000;24(1):121-134. 61. Racine M, Tousignant-Laflamme Y, Kloda LA, Dion D, Dupuis G, Choinière M. A systematic literature review of 10 years of research on sex/gender and experimental pain perception - part 1: are there really differences between women and men? Pain. 2012;153(3):602-618. 62. Chesterton LS, Barlas P, Foster NE, Baxter DG, Wright CC. Gender differences in pressure pain threshold in healthy humans. Pain. 2003;101(3):259-266. 63. Popescu A, LeResche L, Truelove EL, Drangsholt MT. Gender differences in pain modulation by diffuse noxious inhibitory controls: A systematic review. Pain. 2010;150(2):309-318. 64. George SZ, Hirsh AT. Psychologic influence on experimental pain sensitivity and clinical pain intensity for patients with shoulder pain. J Pain. 2009;10(3):293-299. 65. Dixon KE, Thorn BE, Ward LC. An evaluation of sex differences in psychological and physiological responses to experimentally-induced pain: a path analytic description. Pain. 2004;112(1-2):188-196. 66. Leblanc J, Hildes JA, Heroux O. Tolerance of Gaspe fishermen to cold water. J Appl Physiol. 1960;15:1031-1034. 67. Brändström H, Wiklund U, Karlsson M, Ängquist KA, Grip H, Haney M. Autonomic nerve system responses for normal and slow rewarmers after hand cold provocation: effects of long-term cold climate training. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2013;86(3):357-365. 68. Kvist J, Ek A, Sporrstedt K, Good L. Fear of re-injury: a hindrance for returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2005;13(5):393-397. 69. Loucks AB. Energy balance and body composition in sports and exercise. J Sports Sci. 2004;22(1):1-14. 70. Levine FM, Lee De Simone L. The effects of experimenter gender on pain report in male and female subjects. Pain. 1991;44(1):69-72.