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An Independent Validation And Extended Examination Of The Complex Trial Protocol, A P300-Based Concealed Information Test

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An Independent Validation And Extended Examination Of The Complex Trial Protocol, A P300-Based Concealed Information Test

Funicelli, Michel (2020) An Independent Validation And Extended Examination Of The Complex Trial Protocol, A P300-Based Concealed Information Test. PhD thesis, Charles Sturt University.

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Abstract

The P300-based Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a memory detection technique where an examiner presents an examinee a crime relevant piece of information called ‘probe’ along with an assortment of neutral alternatives called ‘irrelevants’ while measuring P300 amplitudes. The Complex Trial Protocol (CTP) is a four-stimuli method of presenting probes and irrelevants while maintaining the examinee’s attention on the computer screen with the additional presentation of ‘target’ and ‘Non-target’ items. The CTP has only been validated once by a team of independent researchers. In addition, CIT examiners are often faced with examinees intent on using countermeasures (CM) meant to influence the test outcome in their favour. We presented a literature review in chapter 1 in relation to CIT & CTP related research. In chapter 2 our aim was twofold. First, to validate the CTP’s performance with autobiographical data, and then to test it with a novel mental (counting backwards) CM. We met both objectives by obtaining excellent detection results in terms of sensitivity (98%) and specificity (100%). The goal in chapter 3 was to verify if deep and shallow levels of processing (LOP) in a dual modality (words versus pictures) presentation had any influence on CTP results. Our findings pointed to the absence of an LOP effect on either verbal or visual stimuli, but we identified a pictorial superiority effect over words. Notwithstanding, these conclusions of our true positive (sensitivity) detection rates were unacceptably low, ranging from 7% (words) to 60% (pictures), while true negative (specificity) levels were excellent at 100%. Finally, in chapter 4 we exposed our participants to a mock terrorism scenario as we sought to explore the usage of three successive pictorial blocks of stimuli (mock bomb, mock crime scene, and male accomplice face) and to replicate the work of Hu, Bergström, Bodenhausen, and Rosenfeld (2015) and Ward and Rosenfeld (2017) on a memory inhibition CM. Depending on the stimuli type, our results showed diagnostic rates ranging from 64% to 79% in the innocent condition (true negatives), to 54% to 77% in the simply guilty group (true positives), and 71% to 93% in the guilty CM group (true positives). Experiment 4 highlights the importance of the careful selection of probe type for an effective CIT. Relative to participants in the two guilty groups, innocent persons unexpectedly reacted to the mock bomb, whereas the facial probe of a male accomplice produced better distinguishing results. Lastly, we successfully replicated findings on the memory inhibition CM.

Divisions:Concordia University > Faculty of Arts and Science > Psychology
Item Type:Thesis (PhD)
Authors:Funicelli, Michel
Institution:Charles Sturt University
Degree Name:Ph. D.
Program:Psychology
Date:18 March 2020
Thesis Supervisor(s):Laurence, Jean-Roch
Keywords:Concealed Information Test, ERP-based CIT, P300-based CIT, Complex Trial Protocol, Memory Detection, Levels of Processing, Terrorism, Extremism.
ID Code:986561
Deposited By: MICHEL FUNICELLI
Deposited On:27 Oct 2022 13:50
Last Modified:27 Oct 2022 13:50

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