References:

[1] R. Ding et al., “5G Integrated Satellite Communication Systems: Architectures,
air interface, and standardization,” in 2020 International Conference
on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP), IEEE, 2020,
pp. 702–707.
[2] W.Wang, T. Chen, R. Ding, G. Seco-Granados, L. You, and X. Gao, “Locationbased
timing advance estimation for 5g integrated leo satellite communications,”
IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 70, no. 6, pp. 6002–
6017, 2021.
[3] Y. Du, S. Liu, Z. Fang, and S. Gao, “Reliability evaluation of all-user terminals
in leo satellite communication network based on modular reduction,”
China Communications, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 235–246, 2022.
[4] L. Jin, L. Wang, X. Jin, J. Zhu, K. Duan, and Z. Li, “Research on the application
of leo satellite in iot,” in 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on
Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI), IEEE,
2022, pp. 739–741.
[5] R. Deng, B. Di, H. Zhang, and L. Song, “Ultra-dense Leo satellite constellation
design for global coverage in terrestrial-satellite networks,” in GLOBE COM 2020-2020 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, 2020,
pp. 1–6.
[6] S. Zhang, Z. Chen, W. Sun, X. Xiao, and Y. Ke, “Study on the connection
rate of leo communication satellite,” in 2021 IEEE 21st International Conference
on Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C),
IEEE, 2021, pp. 610–614.
[7] “Low earth orbit (leo) satellites global market report, covid-19 growth and
change, aug. 2021, found on (https://bit.ly/3h8dro5),”
[8] Y. Borthomieu, “Satellite lithium-ion batteries,” in Lithium-ion batteries,
Elsevier, 2014, pp. 311–344.
[9] P. Lui, “Passive intermodulation interference in communication systems,”
Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 109–
118, 1990.
[10] J. Sanford, “Passive intermodulation considerations in antenna design,” in
Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,
IEEE, 1993, pp. 1651–1654.
[11] F. Kearney and S. Chen, “Passive intermodulation (pim) effects in base
stations: Understanding the challenges and solutions,” Visit analogdialogue.
com, p. 25, 2017.
[12] C. Vicente and H. L. Hartnagel, “Passive-intermodulation analysis between
rough rectangular waveguide flanges,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave
Theory and Techniques, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 2515–2525, 2005.
[13] X. Wang et al., “Passive-intermodulation analysis between rough circular
waveguide flanges using weibull distribution,” in 2010 Asia-Pacific International
Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE, 2010, pp. 1442–
1445.
[14] “Benchmark on spark3d analysis of gas discharge for space applications,”
[15] “Spark 3d manual,”
[16] L. De la Torre Rodriguez et al., “Predicting the effect of variations in ambient
temperature and operating power on the response of a microwave filter,”
in 2016 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC), IEEE,
2016, pp. 1–5.
[17] S. Qian, B. Duan, S. Lou, C. Ge, and W. Wang, “Investigation of the performance
of antenna array for microwave wireless power transmission considering
the thermal effect,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,
vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 590–594, 2021.
[18] A. El-Kabbani, A El-Shahat, F. Soliman, and F. Farag, “Effect of gaas mesfet’s
imperfections, gamma-radiation, and temperature on the performance
of microwave active filters,” in 1997 21st International Conference on Microelectronics.
Proceedings, IEEE, vol. 2, 1997, pp. 791–795.
[19] “Orthomode transducers found on (www.anteral.com, https://www.pasternack.com/pewot0014-
p.aspx, www.quinstar.com,”
[20] D. M. Pozar, Microwave engineering. John wiley & sons, 2011.
[21] V. Bonneau, B. Carle, L. Probst, and B. Pedersan, “Low-earth orbit satellites:
Spectrum access,” Digital Transformation Monitor, 2017.
[22] “Spacex successfully launches first recycled rocket booster found on (http://www.reuters.com/article/launch-iduskbn1711jy),”
[23] B. Patnaik and P. K. Sahu, “Inter-satellite optical wireless communication
system design and simulation,” IET Communications, vol. 6, no. 16,
pp. 2561–2567, 2012.
[24] M. Yang, X. Dong, and M. Hu, “Design and simulation for hybrid leo communication
and navigation constellation,” in 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance,
Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1665–1669.
[25] J. Lin, Z. Hou, Y. Zhou, L. Tian, and J. Shi, “Map estimation based on
doppler characterization in broadband and mobile leo satellite communications,”
in 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring),
IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–5.
[26] B. Li, H. Ge, M. Ge, L. Nie, Y. Shen, and H. Schuh, “Leo enhanced global
navigation satellite system (legnss) for real-time precise positioning services,”
Advances in space research, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 73–93, 2019.
[27] Y. Zhao, J. Cao, and Y. Li, “An improved timing synchronization method for
eliminating large doppler shift in leo satellite system,” in 2018 IEEE 18th International
Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT), IEEE, 2018,
pp. 762–766.
[28] S. Srikanth and M. Solatka, “A compact full waveguide band turnstile junction
orthomode transducer,” in 2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and
Scientific Symposium, IEEE, 2011, pp. 1–4.
[29] S.-G. Park, H. Lee, and Y.-H. Kim, “A turnstile junction waveguide orthomode
transducer for the simultaneous dual polarization radar,” in 2009 Asia
Pacific Microwave Conference, IEEE, 2009, pp. 135–138.
[30] G. Bertin, B. Piovano, L. Accatino, and M. Mongiardo, “Full-wave design
and optimization of circular waveguide polarizers with elliptical irises,” IEEE
transactions on microwave theory and techniques, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1077–
1083, 2002.
[31] S. Piltyay, “High performance extended c-band 3.4–4.8 ghz dual circular
polarization feed system,” in 2017 XI International Conference on Antenna
Theory and Techniques (ICATT), IEEE, 2017, pp. 284–287.
[32] M. Gadelrab, S. I. Shams, and A. R. Sebak, “Dual linear polarized antenna
feed for leo satellites,” in 2022 International Telecommunications Conference
(ITC-Egypt), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–4.
[33] M. Gadelrab, S. I. Shams, and A. R. Sebak, “An ultra wide band quad horn
antenna with different ridges profiles,” in 2022 IEEE International Symposium
on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting
(AP-S/URSI), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1802–1803.
[34] M. Gadelrab, S. I. Shams, and A. Sebak, “Compact dual linear polarized
antenna feed for leo satellites based on quad ridge waveguide,” in 2023 International
Telecommunications Conference (ITC-Egypt), 2023, pp. 210–214.
doi: 10.1109/ITC-Egypt58155.2023.10206398.
[35] M. Gadelrab, M. E. Shams Shoukry I, and A. R. Sebak, “Wideband twofold
orthomode transducer for leo satellite applications,” in Under preparation.
[36] M. Gadelrab, M. E. Shams Shoukry I, and A. R. Sebak, “Wideband waveguide
polarizer for leo satellite applications,” in Under preparation.
[37] J. A. Ruiz-Cruz, M. M. Fahmi, S. A. Fouladi, and R. R. Mansour, “Waveguide
antenna feeders with integrated reconfigurable dual circular polarization,”
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 59,
no. 12, pp. 3365–3374, 2011.
[38] A. Tribak, ´A. Mediavilla S´anchez, A. Casanueva L´opez, K. Cepero Llauger,
et al., “A dual linear polarization feed antenna system for satellite communications,”
2011.
[39] S. Piltyay, “Electromagnetic and bandwidth performance optimization of
new waveguide polarizers with septum of a stepped-thickness type for satellite
systems,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 36,
no. 9, pp. 1257–1272, 2022.
[40] J. Lahtinen, J. Pihlflyckt, I. Mononen, S. J. Tauriainen, M. Kemppinen,
and M. T. Hallikainen, “Fully polarimetric microwave radiometer for remote
sensing,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 41,
no. 8, pp. 1869–1878, 2003.
[41] D. Dousset, S. Claude, and K.Wu, “A compact high-performance orthomode
transducer for the atacama large millimeter array (alma) band 1 (31–45
ghz),” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 480–487, 2013.
[42] H Schlegel and W. Fowler, “The ortho-mode transducer offers a key to polarization
diversity in ew systems,” Microwave System News, no. 9, pp. 65–70,
1984.
[43] G. L. James, “Wideband feed systems for radio telescopes,” in 1992 IEEE
MTT-S Microwave Symposium Digest, IEEE, 1992, pp. 1361–1363.
[44] R. Tompkins, “A broad-band dual-mode circular waveguide transducer,”
IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 181–
183, 1956.
[45] A. I. Sandhu, “Design of an orthomode transducer in gap waveguide technology,”
M.S. thesis, 2010.
[46] M. R. Stiglitz and J. Callahan, “Waveguide components for antenna feed
systems: Theory and cad,” Microwave Journal, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 147–148,
1994.
[47] A. W. Pollak and M. E. Jones, “A compact quad-ridge orthogonal mode
transducer with wide operational bandwidth,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 422–425, 2018.
[48] X.-H. Nie, Y. Hu, and W. Hong, “Dual-polarized antenna fed by a quasiplanar
orthomode transducer with different radiation patterns,” IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 5716–5726, 2018.
[49] M. A. Moharram, A. Mahmoud, and A. A. Kishk, “A simple coaxial to
circular waveguide omt for low-power dual-polarized antenna applications,”
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 66, no. 1,
pp. 109–115, 2017.
[50] S. Sirsi, A Novel Ortho-Mode Transducer for the 750-1150 GHz Band. Arizona
State University, 2014.
[51] A. Bøifot, E Lier, and T Schaug-Pettersen, “Simple and broadband orthomode
transducer,” in IEE Proceedings H (Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation),
IET, vol. 137, 1990, pp. 396–400.
[52] J. Brain, “The design and evaluation of a high performance 3m antenna for
satellite communication,” Marconi Review, vol. 41, pp. 218–236, 1978.
[53] A. Navarrini and R. L. Plambeck, “A turnstile junction waveguide orthomode
transducer,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54,
no. 1, pp. 272–277, 2006.
[54] G. Pisano et al., “A broadband wr10 turnstile junction orthomode transducer,”
Ieee microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 286–
288, 2007.
[55] A. Tribak, J. L. Cano, A. Mediavilla, and M. Boussouis, “Octave bandwidth
compact turnstile-based orthomode transducer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless
Components Letters, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 539–541, 2010.
[56] J. Xiao, G. Teni, H. Li, T. Ding, and Q. Ye, “A dual-polarized horn antenna
covering full ka-band using turnstile omt,” Frontiers in Physics, p. 251, 2022.
[57] P. N. Choubey and W. Hong, “Novel wideband orthomode transducer for
70-95ghz,” in 2015 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS 2015),
IEEE, 2015, pp. 1–4.
[58] N. Reyes, P. Zorzi, J. Pizarro, R. Finger, F. P. Mena, and L. Bronfman, “A
dual ridge broadband orthomode transducer for the 7-mm band,” Journal of
Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1203–1210,
2012.
[59] A. Gonzalez and S. Asayama, “Double-ridged waveguide orthomode transducer
(omt) for the 67–116-ghz band,” Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and
Terahertz Waves, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 723–737, 2018.
[60] J. Ruiz-Cruz, J. Montejo-Garai, and J. Rebollar, “Optimal configurations
for integrated antenna feeders with linear dual-polarisation and multiple
frequency bands,” IET microwaves, antennas & propagation, vol. 5, no. 8,
pp. 1016–1022, 2011.
[61] A Dunning, S Srikanth, and A. Kerr, “A simple orthomode transducer for
centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths,” in Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space
Terahertz Technol., 2009, pp. 191–193.
[62] O. A. Peverini, R. Tascone, G. Virone, A. Olivieri, and R. Orta, “Orthomode
transducer for millimeter-wave correlation receivers,” IEEE Transactions on
microwave theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2042–2049, 2006.
[63] U. Rosenberg and R. Beyer, “Compact t-junction orthomode transducer facilitates
easy integration and low cost production,” in 2011 41st European
Microwave Conference, IEEE, 2011, pp. 663–666.
[64] S. Jiang, Z. Chen, L. Min, and J. Dou, “A compact asymmetric waveguide
orthomode transducer for millimeter-wave applications,” IEEE Microwave
and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 17–20, 2021.
[65] M. A. Abdelaal, S. I. Shams, and A. A. Kishk, “Asymmetric compact omt
for x-band sar applications,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1856–1863, 2018.
[66] S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, O. Sushko, O. Bulashenko, and I. Demchenko,
“Analytical modeling and optimization of new ku-band tunable square waveguide iris-post polarizer,” International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic
Networks, Devices and Fields, vol. 34, no. 5, e2890, 2021.
[67] S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, H. Kushnir, and O. Bulashenko, “New tunable
iris-post square waveguide polarizers for satellite information systems,” in
2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information
Theory (ATIT), IEEE, 2020, pp. 342–348.
[68] I. Fesyuk, S. Piltyay, A. Bulashenko, and O. Bulashenko, “Waveguide polarizer
for radar systems of 2 cm wavelength range,” in 2021 IEEE 3rd
Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON),
IEEE, 2021, pp. 15–20.
[69] M.-H. Chung, D.-H. Je, S.-T. Han, and S.-R. Kim, “Development of a 85-
115 ghz 90-deg phase shifter using corrugated square waveguide,” in 2014
44th European Microwave Conference, IEEE, 2014, pp. 1146–1149.
[70] A. Polishchuk, A. Bulashenko, S. Piltyay, O. Bulashenko, and I. Zabegalov,
“Compact posts-based waveguide polarizer for satellite communications and
radar systems,” in 2021 IEEE 3rd Ukraine Conference on Electrical and
Computer Engineering (UKRCON), IEEE, 2021, pp. 78–83.
[71] X. Wang, X. Huang, and X. Jin, “Novel square/rectangle waveguide septum
polarizer,” in 2016 IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless
Broadband (ICUWB), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–4.
[72] N. Zhang, Y.-L. Wang, J.-Z. Chen, B. Wu, and G. Li, “Design of k/ka-band
diplex circular polarizer with high isolation,” in 2018 International Conference
on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), IEEE, 2018,
pp. 1–3.
[73] B. Deutschmann and A. F. Jacob, “Broadband septum polarizer with triangular
common port,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,
vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 693–700, 2019.
[74] P. Clarricoats and P. Saha, “Propagation and radiation behavior of corrugated
feeds. part 2: Corrugated-conical-horn feed,” in Proceedings of the
Institution of Electrical Engineers, IET, vol. 118, 1971, pp. 1177–1186.
[75] C Dragone, “Reflection, transmission, and mode conversion in a corrugated
feed,” The Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 835–867, 1977.
[76] G. Gentili, E Martini, R. Nesti, and G. Pelosi, “Performance analysis of
dual profile corrugated circular waveguide horns for radioastronomy applications,”
IEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 148,
no. 2, pp. 119–122, 2001.
[77] C. Del Rio, R. Gonzalo, and M Sololla, “High purity gaussian beam excitation
by optimal horn antenna,” in PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL
SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION JAPAN,
vol. 4, 1996, pp. 1133–1136.
[78] C. Granet and G. L. James, “Design of corrugated horns: A primer,” IEEE
Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 76–84, 2005.
[79] G. J. Vishnu, G. Jani, and D. Pujara, “Design and optimization of a ku-band
compact axial corrugated horn antenna using anfis,” in 2016 International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSYM), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–4.
[80] A Gonzalez, K Kaneko, and S Asayama, “Recent work on (sub-) mm-wave
ultra wideband corrugated horns for radio astronomy,” in 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), IEEE, 2017,
pp. 3327–3331.
[81] J. Teniente, J. C. Iriarte, I. Ederra, and R. Gonzalo, “Advanced feeds for
mm-wave antenna systems,” Aperture Antennas for Millimeter and Sub-
Millimeter Wave Applications, pp. 75–110, 2018.
[82] H. Kang, K. Kaneko, R. Sakai, and A. Gonzalez, “A wideband millimeterwave
corrugated horn at 30-50 ghz taking advantage of all-metal 3d-printing
fabrication,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2023.
[83] “Spark3d. accessed: Jun. 23, 2022. [online]. available: Http:www.3ds.com/productsservicessimuliaproducts/
spark3d,,”
[84] D Gonz´alez-Iglesias et al., “Analysis of the multipactor effect in an rf electron
gun photoinjector,” IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 70, no. 1,
pp. 288–295, 2022.
[85] M. K. Joshi, T. Tiwari, and R. Bhattacharjee, “Design and multipactor analysis
of a high power rf window,” in 2019 International Vacuum Electronics
Conference (IVEC), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–2.
[86] J. C. Melgarejo et al., “A new family of reconfigurable waveguide filters and
diplexers for high-power applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 25 102–
25 119, 2023.
[87] “Https://futurelab3d.com/spark3d-analysis-gas-discharge-space-applications/,”
[88] C.-C. Chiong, C. Chien, C.-C. Chang, Y. De Huang, and Y.-J. Hwang, “Cryogenic
29–50 ghz orthomode transducer for radio astronomical receiver,” in
2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC), IEEE, 2018, pp. 1271–1273.
[89] I. Barrueto, N. Reyes, P. Mena, and L. Bronfman, “A broadband orthomode
transducer for the new alma band 2+ 3 (67–116 ghz),” in 2016 Global Symposium
on Millimeter Waves (GSMM) & ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave
Technology and Applications, IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–4.
[90] G. Virone, R. Tascone, M. Baralis, O. A. Peverini, A. Olivieri, and R. Orta,
“A novel design tool for waveguide polarizers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave
Theory and Techniques, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 888–894, 2005.
[91] F. Oktafiani, E. Y. Hamid, and A. Munir, “Characterization of pla–based
quad-ridged horn antenna,” in 2020 IEEE REGION 10 CONFERENCE
(TENCON), IEEE, 2020, pp. 897–900.
[92] X. Yang and Y. Zhou, “12 to 40 ghz quad-ridged horn antenna design and
optimization,” in 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computational
Electromagnetics (ICCEM), IEEE, 2019, pp. 1–3.
[93] C. Pan, Z. Zhao, X. Zhang, and Z. Wang, “The analysis of balanced feed low
cross-polarization quad-ridged horn antenna for ota testing,” in 2021 IEEE
4th International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication
Technology (ICEICT), IEEE, 2021, pp. 462–465.
[94] F. Oktafiani, E. Y. Hamid, and A. Munir, “Performance characterization
of aluminium-based dual-polarized wideband quad-ridged horn antenna,” in
2020 27th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), IEEE,
2020, pp. 1–4.