Abstract

Louis Riel is perhaps one of the most controversial figures in Canadian history. In mainstream Canadian society, he is often described as a "Canadian hero", a "Father of Confederation", or the "Founder of Manitoba". He has become an icon for various organizations, political parties, and cultural groups in Canada. Although for many Métis Riel is a "Canadian hero", he is also an important figure for the Métis nation. Many Métis use the image of Riel as a source of inspiration in fighting for cultural autonomy, pride, and respect in Canada. Therefore how he is discussed in literature, or how he is portrayed in art greatly affects the lives of many Métis. The purpose of this thesis is to examine images of Louis Riel in contemporary art in reference to Métis nationhood. I use visual images of Riel to discuss the various opinions of Riel, Métis historical and contemporary cultural struggles, and the concept of "nation" in reference to the Métis. My intent is to give a Métis point of view on art that deals with the controversial Louis Riel. I attempt to challenge mainstream opinions of Riel, how history has been written about First Peoples, and various non-Métis perceptions about the Métis. Little or no research has been done about images of Louis Riel and Métis nationhood, and with this thesis I hope to help fill this void.