Ma, Dina, Mostafa, Ahmad 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-1106, Kevorkov, Dmytro, Pavel, Jedrzejowski, Pugh, Martin and Medraj, Mamoun
(2015)
Water Impingement Erosion of Deep-Rolled Ti64.
Metals, 5
(3).
pp. 1462-1486.
ISSN 2075-4701
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
2MBmetals-05-01462.pdf - Published Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Official URL: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/metals
Abstract
In this work, the Liquid Impingement Erosion (LIE) performances of deep-rolling (DR) treated and non-treated Ti64 were investigated. Various erosion stages, from the incubation to the terminal erosion stages, could be observed. A full factorial design of experiments was used to study the effect of DR process parameters (Feed Rate, Spindle Velocity, Number of Passes, Pressure) on the residual stress distribution, microhardness and surface roughness of the treated Ti64 specimens. The DR-treated Ti64 specimens exhibited improved surface microhardness, surface roughness, and large magnitude of compressive residual stresses, which were attributed to the amount of cold work induced by the DR process. Although DR improved the mechanical properties of the Ti64, the results showed that the treatment has little or no effect on the LIE performance of Ti64 but different damage modes were observed in these two cases. Evolution of the erosion stages was described based on water-hammer pressure, stress waves, radial wall jetting, and hydraulic penetration modes. The initial erosion stages were mainly influenced by water-hammer pressure and stress waves, whereas the intermediate erosion stages were influenced by the combination of the four modes together. The final erosion stages contain the four modes, however the erosion was greatly driven by the radial jetting and hydraulic penetration modes, where more material was removed. The failure mechanism of the final stages of the LIE test of both DR-treated and non-treated Ti64 was characterized as fatigue fracture. However, a brittle fracture behavior was observed in the initial and intermediate erosion stages of the DR-treated Ti64, whereas a ductile fracture behavior was observed in the non-treated Ti64. This was concluded from the micrographs of the LIE damage through different erosion stages.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Mechanical and Industrial Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Article |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Authors: | Ma, Dina and Mostafa, Ahmad and Kevorkov, Dmytro and Pavel, Jedrzejowski and Pugh, Martin and Medraj, Mamoun |
| Journal or Publication: | Metals |
| Date: | 18 August 2015 |
| Keywords: | deep-rolling (DR); titanium alloys; design of experiments (DOE); liquid impingement erosion (LIE); fatigue failure; SEM; Ti64 |
| ID Code: | 980306 |
| Deposited By: | AHMAD MOSTAFA |
| Deposited On: | 08 Sep 2015 15:03 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Mar 2024 15:44 |
| Related URLs: |
References:
1. Meher-Homji, C.B.; Mee, T.R. Gas turbine power augmentation by fogging of inlet air. In Proceedings of the 28th Turbomachinery Symposium, College Station, TX, USA, September 1999; pp. 93–114.2. Turbine inlet cooling: Technology overview. Available online: http://www.turbineinletcooling.org/ (accessed on 10 June 2015).
3. MDS coating technologies corporation. Available online: http://www.mdscoating.com/ technology/index.html (accessed on 10 June 2015).
4. Heymann, F. Liquid Impingement Erosion; ASM International: Materials Park, OH, USA, 1992; Volume 18.
5. Rao, P.V.; Buckley, D.H. Empirical Relations for Cavitation and Liquid Impingement Erosion Processes; NASA Technical Paper 2339; NASA: Washington, DC, USA, 1984.
6. Jolliffe, K.H. The development of erosion damage in metals by repeated liquid droplet impacts. Proc. A 1968, doi:10.1098/rspa.1968.0047.
7. Meng, P.; Geskin, E.S.; Leu, M.C.; Li, F.; Tismeneskiy, L. An Analytical and experimental study of cleaning with moving waterjets. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 1998, 120, 580–589.
8. Thomas, G.P.; Brunton, J.H. Drop impingement erosion of metals. Proc. A 1972, doi:10.1098/rspa.1970.0022.
9. Xiong, J.; Koshizuka, S.; Sakai, M.; Ohshima, H. Investigation on droplet impingement erosion during steam generator tube failure accident. Nucl. Eng. Des. 2012, 249, 132–139.
10. Robinson, J.; Reed, R. Water droplet erosion of laser surface treated Ti6Al4V. Wear 1995, 187, 360–367.
11. Oka, Y.I.; Mihara, S.; Miyata, H. Effective parameters for erosion caused by water droplet impingement and applications to surface treatment technology. Wear 2007, 263, 386–394.
12. Zhuang, W.; Wicks, B. Mechanical surface treatment technologies for gas turbine engine components. J. Eng. Gas Turbine Power 2003, 125, 1021.
13. Nalla, R.; Altenberger, I.; Noster, U.; Liu, G.; Scholtes, B.; Ritchie, R. On the influence of mechanical surface treatments—Deep rolling and laser shock peening—On the fatigue behavior of Ti6Al4V at ambient and elevated temperatures. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2003, 355, 216–230.
14. Gray, H.; Wagner, L.; Lütjering, G. Influence of shot peening induced surface roughness, residual macrostresses and dislocation density on the elevated temperature HCF-properties of Ti-alloys. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Shot Peening (ICSP3), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, September 1987; pp. 447–457.
15. Ludian, T.; Wagner, L. Mechanical surface treatments for improving fatigue behaviour in titanium alloys. Adv. Mater. Sci. 2008, 8, 44–52.
Metals 2015, 5 1485
16. Prevé, P.; Hornbach, D.; Ravindranath, R. Application of low plasticity burnishing to improve damage tolerance of a Ti-6Al-4V first stage fan blade. In Proceedings of the 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference, Norfolk, VA, USA, 7–10 April 2003; pp. 1–9.
17. Prevéy, P.; Shepard, M.; Smith, P. The effect of low plasticity burnishing (LPB) on the HCF performance and FOD resistance of Ti-6Al-4V. In Proceedings of the 6th National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Conference, Jacksonville, FL, USA, 5–8 March 2001; pp. 1–10.
18. Prevey, P.; Hornbach, D.; Cammett, J.; Ravindranath, R. Damage tolerance improvement of Ti-6-4 fan blades with low plasticity burnishing. In Proceedings of the 6th Joint FAA/DoD/NASA Aging Aircraft Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA, 16–19 September 2002; pp. 1–9.
19. Prevéy, P.; Hornbach, D.; Jacobs, T.; Ravindranath, R. Improved damage tolerance in titanium alloy fan blades with low plasticity burnishing. In Proceedings of the International Surface Engineering Conference, Columbus, OH, USA, 7–10 October 2002; pp. 1–9.
20. Jayaraman, N.; Hornbach, D.; Prevéy, P.; Langer K.; Hoover, J.; van Hoogan, S.; Shepard, M. Mitigation of fatigue and pre-cracking damage in aircraft structures through low plasticity burnishing (LPB). In Proceedings of the AISP, Palm Spring, CA, USA, 4–6 December 2007; pp. 1–11.
21. Prevéy, P.; Jayaraman, N.; Ravindranath, R. Fatigue life extension of steam turbine alloys using low plasticity burnishing (LPB). In Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Glasgow, UK, 14–18 June 2010; Volume 7, pp. 2277–2287.
22. Zhang, P.; Lindemann, J. Effect of roller burnishing on the high cycle fatigue performance of the high-strength wrought magnesium alloy AZ80. Scr. Mater. 2005, 52, 1011–1015.
23. Ibrahim, A.A. An investigation into ball burnishing process of carbon steel on a lathe. In Proceedings of Al-Azhar Engineering Tenth International Conference, Cairo, Egypt, 24–26 December 2008.
24. Altenberger, I. Alternative Mechanical Surface Treatments—Microstructure, Residual Stresses and Fatigue Behaviour; In Shot Peening; Wagner, L., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: Garmisch-Partenkirchen,Germany, 2003; pp. 421–434.
25. Prevéy, P.; Jayaraman, N.; Cammett, J. Overview of low plasticity burnishing for mitigation of fatigue damage mechanisms. In Proceedings of the ICSP 9, Fatigue and Fracture of Steels, Paris, France, 6–9 September 2005; pp. 1–6.
26. Scheel, J.E.; Hornbach, D.J.; Prevey, P.S. Mitigation of stress corrosion cracking in nuclear weldments using low plasticity burnishing. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, ICONE16, ASME, Orlando, FL, USA, 11–15 May 2008; pp. 649–656.
27. Kong, M.C.; Axinte, D.; Voice, W. Aspects of material removal mechanism in plain waterjet milling on gamma titanium aluminide. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 2010, 210, 573–584.
28. Hammitt, F.; Heymann, F. Liquid-Erosion Failures; ASM International: Materials Park, OH, USA, 1986; pp. 164–171.
29. Adler, W.F. The Mechanics of Liquid Impact; Academic Press Inc.: London, UK, 1979.
30. Kirols, H.S.; Kevorkov, D.; Uihlein, A.; Medraj, M. The effect of initial surface roughness on water droplet erosion behavior. Wear, submitted for pubulication, 2015.
Metals 2015, 5 1486
31. ASTM E837-01. Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001.
32. Schwarz, T.; Kockelmann, H.; Tietz, H.-D.; Böhm, S. Eigenspannungen und Verzug Durch Wärmeeinwirkung (German); Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany, 1999.
33. Wenzelburger, M.; López, D.; Gadow, R. Methods and application of residual stress analysis on thermally sprayed coatings and layer composites. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2006, 201, 1995–2001.
34. Residual stress and strain measurement (XRD and hole drilling). Available online: http://www.npl.co.uk/science-technology/engineered-materials/services/residual-stress-and-strain-measurement (accessed on 10 June 2015).
35. ASTM G73-10. Standard Test Method for Liquid Impingement Erosion Using Rotating Apparatus; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2010.
36. Maawad, E.; Brokmeier, H.-G.; Wagner, L.; Sano, Y.; Genzel, C. Investigation on the surface and near-surface characteristics of Ti–2.5Cu after various mechanical surface treatments. Surf. Coat. Technol 2011, 205, 3644–3650.
37. Haag, M. Untersuchungen zur schädigungsentwicklung an dampfturbinenwerkstoffen infolge von wassertropfenerosion. Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 2012.
38. Luiset, B.; Sanchette, F.; Billard, A.; Schuster, D. Mechanisms of stainless steels erosion by water droplets. Wear 2013, 303, 459–464.
39. Huang, L.; Folkes, J.; Kinnell, P.; Shipway, P.H. Mechanisms of damage initiation in a titanium alloy subjected to water droplet impact during ultra-high pressure plain waterjet erosion. J. Mater. Process. Tech. 2012, 212, 1906–1915.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics