References:

Athenagoras, “On the Resurrection 14” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Azevedo, Joaquim and Edno José Almeida F. eds. “A Simplified Coptic Dictionary (Sahidic Dialect).” CePLiB Publication Series: Tools for Exegesis Number 1. Cachoeira, Brazil: CePLiB, 2001.

Bakke, O.M. When Children Became People: The Birth of Childhood in Early Christianity. Translated by Brian McNeil. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 2005.

Barnabas. “Barnabas 6:11” as quoted in Ferguson, Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Barrett, C.K. The Gospel According to St. John: An Introduction with Commentary and Notes on the Greek Text. Reprinted 1962. London: SPCK, 1958.

Barton, S.C. “Child, Children,” in Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Edited by Joel B. Green, Scot McKnight and I. Howard Marshal. Downers Grove, Ill.: Intervarsity Press, 1992.

Bovon, François. New Testament and Christian Apocrypha. Edited by Glenn E. Snyder. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2011.

Brown, Raymond E., S.S., ed. “The Gospel According to John (i-xii) in The Anchor Bible. (Introduced, translated and annotated by Raymond E. Brown). Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966.

Bullinger, E.W. Number in Scripture: Its Supernatural Design and Spiritual Significance. Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Kregel Classics, 1967.

Bunge, Marcia J., ed. The Child in Christian Thought. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2001.

Cicero. De Republica in The Child in Christian Thought. Edited by Marcia J. Bunge. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2001.

Clement of Alexandria. “Instructor 1.7.53.1” page 54 in Early Christians Speak: Faith and Life in the first Three Centuries. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U., 1999.

Cross, F.L. and E. A. Livingstone. Dictionary of the Christian Church. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1997.

Culpepper, R. Alan. Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A study in Literary Design. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983.

Cyprian. “Epistle 64 (58)” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Danker, Frederick William. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (based on Walter Bauer’s German ed.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

Davies, Steven L. in a Paper delivered to the Gospel of Thomas Consultation at the annual convention of the Society for Biblical Literature 1994 as reproduced in The Gospel of Thomas and Early Christian Wisdom. California: Bardic Press, 2005.

Davies, Steven L. The Gospel of Thomas and Early Christian Wisdom. California: Bardic Press, 2005.

DeConick, April D. “‘Blessed Are Those Who Have Not Seen’ (Jn 20:29): Johannine Dramatization of an Early Christian Discourse” in The Nag Hammadi Library after Fifty Years: Proceedings of the 1995 Society of Biblical Literature Commemoration. Edited by John D. Turner and Anne McGuire, 381-98 NHMS 44. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

DeConick, April D. “John Rivals Thomas: From Community Conflict to Gospel Narrative,” in Jesus in Johannine Tradition. Edited by Robert T. Fortna and TomThatcher. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.

DeConick, April D. Seek to See Him: Ascent and Vision Mysticism in the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 1996.

DeConick, April D. “The Original ‘Gospel of Thomas’.” Vigiliae Christianae 56.2 (May, 2002): 167-99.

Ferguson, Everett. Early Christians Speak. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1987, 1999.

Finley, M.I. as quoted in Golden, Children and Childhood in Classical Athens. Baltimore, Md.: The John Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Funk, Wolf-Peter. Discussion at a meeting of GRECAT, Université Laval, Québec, 28 October 2011.”

Gabel, John B., Charles B. Wheeler and Anthony D. York. The Bible as Literature: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Gagné, André. “Lire un apocryphe en synchronie. Analyse structurelle et intratextuelle du logion 22 de l’Évangile selon Thomas” dans En marge du canon: Études sur les écrits apocryphes juifs et chrétiens. Edited by André Gagné et Jean-François Racine. Paris, France: Les Éditions du Cerf, 2012.

Gagné, André. “Structure and Meaning in Gos.Thom.49-54: An Erotapokritic Teaching on Identity and Eschatology” pages 529-37 in The Apocryphal Gospels with the Context of Early Christian Theology. Edited by Jens Schröter. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.

Golden, Mark. Children and Childhood in Classical Athens. Baltimore, Md.: The John Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Green, Joel B., Scot McKnight and I. Howard Marshal, eds. “Light,” in Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Downers Grove, Ill.: Intervarsity Press, 1992.

Gundry-Vof, Judith M. “The Least and the Greatest: Children in the New Testament” in The Child in Christian Thought. Edited by Marcia J. Bunge. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2001.

Harris, Stephen L. Understanding the Bible. 7th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2007.

Hippolytus. “Commentary on Romans 5:19” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Hippolytus. “Homily on Leviticus 8.3” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Jeanrond, W.G. “The Transformative Power of Reading,” in Theological Hermeneutics: Development and Significance. New York: Crossroads (1991): 93-119; 192-96.

Kee, Howard C. “‘Becoming a Child’ in the Gospel of Thomas.” Journal of Biblical Literature 82.3 (Sept. 1963): 307-14.

King, Karen L. What is Gnosticism? Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.

Klijn, A.F.J. “The ‘Single One’ in the Gospel of Thomas.” Journal of Biblical Literature 81,3 (Sept. 1962): 271-78.

Koester, Helmut. (Gos. Thom. NHCII, 2): The Definitive Translation of the Gnostic Scriptures. Edited by James M. Robinson, introduced by Helmut Koester, translated by Thomas O. Lambdin. New York: HarperOne, 1990.

Köstenberger, Andreas J. A Theology of John’s Gospel and Letters. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 2009.

Layton, Bentley, ed. “Gospel according to Thomas,” “Gospel according to Philip,” “Hypostasis of the Archons,” and “Indexes.” NHC II, 2-7 xiii. Leiden: Brill, 1989.

Layton, Bentley. The Gnostic Scriptures. The Anchor Bible Reference Library. New York: Doubleday, 1995.

Marguerat, Daniel and Yvan Bourquin. How to Read Bible Stories. Translated by John Bowden. London: SCM Press, 1999.

Marjanen, Antti. “Gnosticism,” in Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies. Edited by S.A. Harvey and D.G. Hunter. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Marjanen, Antti. The Woman Jesus Loved: Mary Magdalene in the Nag Hammadi Library and Related Documents. Leiden: Brill, 1996.

McBrien, Richard P. ed. Encyclopedia of Catholicism. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1995.

Meyer, Marvin W. The Gospel of Thomas: The Hidden Sayings of Jesus. Revised and updated translation, introduction and notes by Marvin W. Meyer; interpretation by Harold Bloom. New York: Harper One, 1992.

Neils, Jenifer and John H. Oakley, eds. Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Classical Past. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003.

Nestle, Eberhard, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland, eds. “KATA IWANNHN,” Novum Testamentum Graece. 7th ed. Nördlingen, Germany: Deutche Bibelgesellschaft, 1979, 2001.

Origen. Homily on Luke 14.5, as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Pagels, Elaine. Beyond Belief: The Secret Gospel of Thomas. New York: Random House, 2003.

Pearson, Birger A. Ancient Gnosticism: Traditions and Literature. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2007.

Perkins, Pheme. The Gnostic Dialogue: The Early Church and the Crisis of Gnosticism. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Perkins, Pheme. “The Gospel according to John.” Pages 942-85 in The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Edited by Raymond E. Borwn, S.S., Joseph A Fitzmyer, S.J. and Roland E. Murphy, O. Carm. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1990.

Riley, Gregory J. Resurrection Reconsidered: Thomas and John in Controversy. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1995.

Robinson, James M., ed. “The Gospel of Truth” (I, 16, 31-43, 24) in The Nag Hammadi Library: The Definitive Translation of the Gnostic Scriptures. Introduced & translated by Harold W. Attridge and George W. MacRae. New York: HarperOne, 1990.

Sellew, Philip. “Pious Practice and Social Formation in the Gospel of Thomas.” Foundations & Facets Forum 10, 1-2 (March/June 1994): 48-56.

Shirbaum, G.F., “Light,” in Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. Edited by Joel B. Green, Scot McKnight and I. Howard Marshal. Downers Grove, Ill.: Intervarsity Press, 1992.

Skinner, Christopher W. John and Thomas–Gospels in Conflict?: Johannine Characterization and the Thomas Question. Eugene, Or.: Pickwick , 2009.

Smith, Jonathan Z. “The Garments of Shame.” History of Religions 5 (1966): 217-38.

Stowers,Stanley. “The History of Christianity as the Study of Religion.” Paper presented at the North American Association for the Study of Religion section at the annual national meeting of the SBL, New Orleans, 2009.

Tertullian. On Baptism 18, as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Tuppurainen, Riku. “Divine Sovereignty and Human Responsibility in the Gospel of John: An Alternative Interpretation to Andreas J. Köstenberger’s ‘Divine Election’ Reading of John’s Soteriology.” Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association 1.32 (2012): 28-40.



Additional Reading

Aland, Kurt, Barbara Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, et al, eds. The New Greek Testament. 4th ed. Nördingen, Germany, Deutche Bibelgesellschaft, 1966, 2001.

Arnal, William. “Blessed Are the Solitary: Textual Practices and the Mirage of a Thomas ‘Community’. One Who Sows Beautifully: Essays in Honour of Stanley K. Showers.” Brown Judaic Studies (2013): 271-81.

Arnal, William E. “The Rhetoric of Marginality: Apocalypticism, Gnosticism, and Sayings Gospels.” Harvard Theological Review 88, 4 (1995): 471-94.
Barber, Katherine, ed. Canadian Oxford Dictionary. 2d ed. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Bellet, Paulina. “El Logion 50 del Evangelia de Tomas.” Studia Papyrologica 8, (1969): 119- 24.

Blass, F. and A. Debrunner. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Translated by Robert W. Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

Brakke, David. The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010.

Brown, Raymond E. “The Gospel of Thomas and St John’s Gospel,” New Testament Studies 9 (1962): 155-77.

Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen. “An Interpretation of Logion 114 in The Gospel of Thomas.” Novum Testamentum XXVII, 3 (1985): 246-72.

Cassidy, Claire. Thinking Children. London: Continuum, 2007.

Corley, Kathleen E. “Salome and Jesus at Table in the Gospel of Thomas.” Semeia 86 (1999): 85-97.

Crane, R.S. as referenced in Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design by R. Alan Culpepper: Philadelphia, Fortress, 1987.

Crossan, John Dominic. “Kingdom and Children: A Study in the Aphoristic Tradition.” Semeia 29 (1983): 75-95.

Cuddon, J.A. Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Edited by C.E. Preston. Rev. ed. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1999.

Davies, Stevan, translator and annotator. The Gospel of Thomas: Annotated & Explained. 6th printing. Woodstock, Vt.: Skylight Paths Publishing, 2006.

DeConick, April D. “Logion 50 in the Gospel of Thomas and its Relationship to Gnosticism.” American Academy of Religion Society of Biblical Literature Abstracts 18 (1993): S33.

DeConick, April D. “On the Brink of the Apocalypse: A Preliminary Examination of the Earliest Speeches in the Gospel of Thomas.” Thomasine Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Dunderberg, Ismo. “From Thomas to Valentinus: Genesis Exegesis in Fragment 4 of Valentinus and its Relationship to the Gospel of Thomas.” Thomasine Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Friedman, Norman as referenced in Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design by R. Alan Culpepper: Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987.

Fuchs, Lawrence H. Beyond Patriarchy: Jewish Fathers and Families. Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 2000.

Gagné, André. “ Jésus, la lumière et le Père Vivant. Principe de gémellité dans l’Evangile Selon Thomas. ” Apocrypha 23, (2012): 209-21.

Gärtner, Bertil. The Theology of the Gospel according to Thomas. Translated by Eric J. Sharpe. NewYork: Harper & Brothers, 1961.

Goodacre, Mark. Thomas and the Gospels: The Making of an Apocryphal Text. Grand Rapids, Mich.: SPCK, 2012.

Hermas. “Mandate 2.1=27.1” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Hermas. “Similitudes 9.29.1-3=106.1-3” as quoted in Early Christians Speak. Edited by Everett Ferguson. 3d ed. Abilene, Tex.: A.C.U. Press, 1999.

Hinsdale, Mary Ann. “‘Infinite Openness to the Infinite.’: Karl Rahner’s Contribution to Modern Catholic Thought on the Child.” Pages 406-445 in The Child in Christian Thought. Edited by Marcia J. Bunge. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2001.

Howard-Brook, Wes. Becoming Children of God: John’s Gospel and Radical Discipleship. Rev. ed. Eugene, Oreg. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2003.

Isenberg, Wesley W. “The Gospel of Philip (II, 3).” The Nag Hammadi Library: The Definitive Translation of the Gnostic Scriptures. New York: HarperOne, 1990.

Jewett, Paul King. “Children of Grace.” Theology Today 44.2 (July 1987): 170-178.

Kloppenborg, John S. “Literate Media in Early Christ Groups: The Creation of a Christian Book Culture.” Journal of Early Christian Studies Vol. 22.1 (Spring 2014): 21-59.

Koester, Helmut. Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development. Philadelphia: Trinity Press, 1990.

Koester, Helmut. “Written Gospels or Oral Tradition?” Journal of Biblical Literature 13, 2 (1994): 293-97.

Kysar, Robert. “Rudolf Bultmann’s Interpretation of the Concept of Creation in John 1:3- 4.” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 32.1 (January 1, 1970): 77-85.

Luijendijk, AnneMarie. “Jesus says: ‘There Is Nothing Buried That Will Not Be Raised’.” A Late-Antique Shroud with Gospel of Thomas Login 5 in Context. ZAC 15 (2011): 389-410.

Luijendijk, AnneMarie. “Reading the Gospel of Thomas in the Third Century: Three Oxyrhynchus Papyri and Origen’s Homilies” In Reading New Testament Papyri in Context. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium. Edited by Claire Clivaz and Jean Zumstein Leuven: Peeters, 2011.

Marjanen, Antti. “The Portrait of Jesus in the Gospel of Thomas.” Thomas Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

McKenzie, Steven L. and Stephen R. Haynes, eds. To Each Its Own Meaning: An Introduction to Biblical Criticisms and their Application. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1999.

Michaels, J. Ramsey, ed. The Gospel of John. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2010.

Moreland, Milton. “The Twenty-Four Prophets of Israel Are Dead: Gospel of Thomas 52 as a critique of Early Christian Hermeneutics.” Thomasine Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Moxnes, Halvor, ed. Constructing Early Christian Families: Family as social reality and metaphor. London: Routledge, 1997.

Robbins, Vernon K. “Pronouncement Stories and Jesus’ Blessing of the Children: A Rhetorical Approach.” Semeia 29 (1983): 42-74.

Pagels, Elaine. The Gnostic Jesus and Early Christian Politics. Lecture in religion presented at Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz., January 28, 1982.

Pagels, Elaine H. The Johannine Gospel in Gnostic Exegesis. Society of Biblical Literature Monography Series 17. Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1989.

Patterson, Stephen J. “Apocalypticism or Prophecy and the Problem of Polyvalence: Lessons from the Gospel of Thomas,” Journal of Biblical Literature 130.4 (2011): 795-817.

Patterson, Stephen J. “The Gospel of Thomas and Christian Beginnings.” Thomasine Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Peel, Malcolm L. “Eschatology and the New Testament.” Novum Testamentum 12, 1970.

Perrin, Nicholas and Christopher W. Skinner. “Recent Trends in Gospel of Thomas Research (1989-2011). Part II: Genre, Theology and Relationship to the Gospel of John.” Currents in Biblical Research 11, 1 (2012): 65-86.

Robbins, Vernon K. “Enthymeme and Picture in the Gospel of Thomas.” Thomas Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Segovia, Fernando F. “The Significance of Social Location in Reading John’s Story in The Gospel according to John,” Special Issue of Interpretation. A Journal of Bible and Theology, Oct. 1995. Reprinted: Pp. 212-21 in Jack Dean Kingsbury, ed. Gospel Interpretation: Narrative-Critical and Social-Scientific Approaches. Harrisburg: Trinity Press International, 1997.

Sellew, Philip H. “Jesus and the Voice from Beyond the Grave: Gospel of Thomas 42 in the Context of Funerary Epigraphy.” Thomasine Traditions in Antiquity: The Social and Cultural World of the Gospel of Thomas. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

Smyth, Kevin, S.J. “Gnosticism in the Gospel According to Thomas.” The Heathrop Journal 1 (1960): 189-98.

Stowers, Stanley. “The Concept of ‘Community’ and the History of Early Christianity.” Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 23, 3 - 4, (2011): 238-56.

Tropper, Amram. “Children and Childhood in Light of the Demographics of the Jewish Family in Late Antiquity.” Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 37.3 (2006): 299-343.

Tuckett, Christopher. “Thomas and the Synoptics.” Novum Testamentum XXX, 2 (1988): 133-57.

Urs Von Balthasar, Hans, compiler and annotator. The Scandal of the Incarnation: Irenaeus Against the Heresies. Translated by John Saward. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1990.

Urs Von Balthasar, Hans. Unless You Become Like this Child. Translated by Erasmo Leiva- Merikakis. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1988.

Wiedemann, Thomas. Adults and Children in the Roman Empire. London: Routledge, 1989.

Wiletschek, Stephan. “Going Hungry for a Purpose: On Gos.Thom. 69.2 and a Neglected Parallel in Origen.” Journal for the Study of the New Testament. http://jnt.sagepub.com/content/32/4/379: 379-93.

Wind, A. “Destination and Purpose of the Gospel of John.” Nomum Testamentum 14, Fasc.1 (1972): 26-69.

Wisse, Frederik, trans. “The Apocryphon of John (II, 1, III, 1, IV, 1, and BG 8502).” The Nag Hammadi Library: The Definitive Translation of the Gnostic Scriptures. New York: HarperOne, 1990.