References:

Alexander, H. (2014, October 23). American TV networks criticised for sensational coverage of the Ottawa shooting. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/canada/11182189/American-TV-networks-criticised-for-sensational-coverage-of-the-Ottawa-shooting.html

Allern, S. (2002). Journalistic and Commercial News Values: News Organizations as Patrons of an Institution and Market Actors. Nordicom Review, 23(1/2), 137-152. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete [EBSCO].

Altheide, D. L. (2002). Creating Fear: News and the Construction of Crisis. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Arango-Kure, M., Garz, M., & Rott, A. (2014). Bad News Sells: The Demand for News Magazines and the Tone of Their Covers. Journal of Media Economics, 27(4), 199-214.

Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is Stronger than Good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323-370. doi:10.1037//1089-2680.5.4.323

Bird, S. E. (1998). News We Can Use: An Audience Perspective on the Tabloidisation of News in the United States. Javnost - The Public, 5(3), 33-49. doi:10.1080/13183222.1998.11008681

Botton, A. D. (2014). The News: A User's Manual. New York: Pantheon.

Buchanan, E. (1987). The Corpse Had a Familiar Face: Covering Miami, America's Hottest Beat. New York: Random House.

Chandler, D., & Munday, R. (2011). Broadsheet. In A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758

Chandler, D., & Munday, R. (2011). Sensationalism. In A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758

Chandler, D., & Munday, R. (2011). Tabloid. In A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Retrieved from http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199568758.001.0001/acref-9780199568758

Chermak, S. (1995). Crime in the News Media: A Refined Understanding of How Crimes Become News. In G. Barak (Ed.), Media, process, and the social construction of crime: Studies in newsmaking criminology (pp. 95-126). New York: Garland Pub.

Censorship? (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2016, from http://www.projectcensored.org/censorship/

Cook, D., & Allison, O. (2007). Understanding and addressing suicide attacks: The faith and politics of martyrdom operations. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International.

Cotter, C. (2010). News talk: Investigating the Language of Journalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cottle, S. (2009). Global Crisis Reporting: Journalism in the Global Age. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall.

Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46 s 486.

Frijters, P., & Velamuri, M. (2010). Is the Internet Bad News? The Online News Era and the Market for High-Quality News. Review of Network Economics, 9(2), 1-31. doi:10.2202/1446-9022.1187

Galtung, J., & Ruge, M. H. (1965). The Structure of Foreign News: The Presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus Crises in Four Norwegian Newspapers. Journal of Peace Research, 2(1), 64-90. doi:10.1177/002234336500200104

Gans, H. (2009). Can Popularization Help the News Media? In B. Zelizer (Ed.), The changing faces of journalism: Tabloidization, technology and truthiness. London: Routledge.

Gekoski, A., Gray, J. M., & Adler, J. R. (2012). What Makes a Homicide Newsworthy?: UK National Tabloid Newspaper Journalists Tell All. British Journal of Criminology, 52(6), 1212-1232. doi:10.1093/bjc/azs047

Grabe, M. E., & Kamhawi, R. (2006). Hard Wired for Negative News? Gender Differences in Processing Broadcast News. Communication Research, 33(5), 346-369. doi:10.1177/0093650206291479

Greer, C. (2010). Crime and Media: A Reader. London: Routledge.

Hamilton, J. (2004). All the News That's Fit to Sell: How the market transforms information into news. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Hanusch, F. (2013). Sensationalizing death? Graphic disaster images in the tabloid and broadsheet press. European Journal of Communication, 28(5), 497-513. doi:10.1177/0267323113491349

Harcup, T., & O'Neill, D. (2001). What Is News? Galtung and Ruge Revisited. Journalism Studies, 2(2), 261-280. doi:10.1080/14616700120042114

Hardy, A., De Swert, K., & Sadicaris, D. (2010, June 22). Does Market-Driven Journalism Lead to Sensationalism in Television News? Explaining Sensationalism in 11 Countries. International Communication Association.

Jemphrey, A., & Berrington, E. (2010). Surviving the Media: Hillsborough, Dunblane and the press. Journalism Studies, 1(3), 469-483. doi:10.1080/14616700050081786

Jönsson, A., & English, J. (2014, October 24). Around the World: Canadian coverage of Ottawa shooting praised by international media. Retrieved from http://jpress.journalism.ryerson.ca/jsource/around-the-world-canadian-coverage-praised-by-international-media/

Johnson, R. N. (1996). Bad News Revisited: The Portrayal of Violence, Conflict, and Suffering on Television News. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 2(3), 201-216. doi:10.1207/s15327949pac0203_2

Kamhawi, R., & Grabe, M. E. (2008). Engaging the Female Audience: An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective on Gendered Responses to News Valence Frames. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media,52(1), 33-51. doi:10.1080/08838150701820783

Kaplan, R. (2008). Yellow Journalism. In W. Donsbach (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Communication. Retrieved November 8, 2014.

Karlsson, M., & Clerwall, C. (2013). Negotiating Professional News Judgment and "Clicks': Comparing Tabloid, Broadsheet and Public Service Traditions in Sweden. NORDICOM Review, 34(2), 65-76.

Kay, L., Reilly, R. C., Connolly, K., & Cohen, S. (2010). Help or Harm? Journalism Practice, 4(4), 421-438. doi:10.1080/17512780903429829

Kesterton, W. H. (1984). A History of Journalism in Canada. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.

Kitch, C. L., & Hume, J. (2008). Journalism in a culture of grief. New York: Routledge.

Kleemans, M., Vettehen, P. G., Beentjes, J. W., & Eisinga, R. (2011). The Influence of Age and Gender on Preferences for Negative Content and Tabloid Packaging in Television News Stories. Communication Research, 39(5), 679-697. doi:10.1177/0093650211414559

Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2007). The Elements of Journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. New York: Three Rivers Press.

Krajicek, D. J. (1998). Scooped!: Media miss real story on crime while chasing sex, sleaze, and celebrities. New York: Columbia University Press.

Lorenzo-Dus, N. (2015). Television, Collective Memory and the Commemoration Cure (R. Piazza, L. Haarman, & A. Caborn, Eds.). In Values and choices in television discourse: A view from both sides of the screen.

Moeller, S. D. (1999). Compassion Fatigue: How the media sell disease, famine, war, and death. New York: Routledge.

Newhagen, J. E., & Reeves, B. (1992). The Evening's Bad News: Effects of Compelling Negative Television News Images on Memory. J Communication Journal of Communication, 42(2), 25-41. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00776.x

Newhagen, J. E. (1998). TV news images that induce anger, fear, and disgust: Effects on approach‐avoidance and memory. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 42(2), 265-276. doi:10.1080/08838159809364448

Newsworthy. (2011). In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/newsworthy

Peters, C. (2011). Emotion aside or emotional side? Crafting an 'experience of involvement' in the news. Journalism, 12(3), 297-316. doi:10.1177/1464884910388224

Pooley, E. (1989, October 9). Grins, Gore and Videotape: The Trouble with Local TV News. New York Magazine, 22(40), 36-44. Retrieved December 10, 2014, from https://books.google.ca/books?id=_OcCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=grins,+gore+and+videotape&source=bl&ots=ZXLMY7Bivf&sig=pJFYhCpSrfhPOQT7K0i_S2b9h58&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ht0_VY_DNcT2yQT98oCYBA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=grins%2C%20gore%20and%20videotape&f=false.

Priest, S. H. (2010). Doing media research: An introduction (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Regional Editions. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://globelink.ca/platforms/newspaper/

Örnebring, H., & Jönsson, A. M. (2004). Tabloid journalism and the public sphere: A historical perspective on tabloid journalism. Journalism Studies, 5(3), 283-295. doi:10.1080/1461670042000246052

Russell, N. (2006). Morals and the Media: Ethics in Canadian Journalism (2nd ed.). Vancouver: UBC Press.

Scharrer, E. (2008). Media Exposure and Sensitivity to Violence in News Reports: Evidence of Desensitization? Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85(2), 291-310. doi:10.1177/107769900808500205

Serani, D. (2008). If It Bleeds, It Leads: The Clinical Implications of Fear-Based Programming in News Media. Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, 24(4), 240-250. doi:10.3200/PSYC.24.4.240-250

Serazio, M. (2009). Rethinking a Villain, Redeeming a Format: The Crisis and Cure in Tabloidization. In B. Zelizer (Ed.), The changing faces of journalism: Tabloidization, technology and truthiness. London: Routledge.

Simpson, R., & Coté, W. (2006). Covering Violence: A Guide to Ethical Reporting about Victims and Trauma. New York: Columbia University Press.

Skovsgaard, M. (2014). A tabloid mind? Professional values and organizational pressures as explanations of tabloid journalism. Media, Culture & Society, 36(2), 200-218. doi:10.1177/0163443713515740

Smith, A., Fourie, L., & Froneman, J. D. (2012). Setting the tabloid agenda: What two Afrikaans-language tabloids offer their readers. Communicatio: South African Journal for Communication Theory and Research, 38(2), 225-243. doi:10.1080/02500167.2012.717350

Stephens, M. (1988). A History of News: From the drum to the satellite. New York: Viking.

Stephens, M. (1990). A Short History of News. Media & Values, (50). Retrieved from http://www.medialit.org/reading-room/short-history-news

10 Most Censored Countries. (2015). Retrieved March 1, 2016, from https://cpj.org/2015/04/10-most-censored-countries.php

Trauma [Def. 1]. (1914). In Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from www.oed.com

Trauma [Def. 1, 11]. (2011). In Oxford Dictionaries. Retrieved December 22, 2014, from http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/trauma

West, J. (2014, October 22). Canada's Coverage of the Ottawa Shootings Put American Cable News to Shame. Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2014/10/cbc-ottawa-shootings-cable-news

Young, M. (2007). Death, Sex & Money: Life inside a newspaper. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.

Zelizer, B. (2004). Taking Journalism Seriously: News and the Academy. Thousand Oaks: Sage.