Login | Register

Participants’ Experiences of a Receptive Music Therapy Intervention that Incorporates Raga: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Title:

Participants’ Experiences of a Receptive Music Therapy Intervention that Incorporates Raga: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Venkatarangam, Stephen (2017) Participants’ Experiences of a Receptive Music Therapy Intervention that Incorporates Raga: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Masters thesis, Concordia University.

[thumbnail of Venkatarangam_MA_F2017.pdf]
Preview
Text (application/pdf)
Venkatarangam_MA_F2017.pdf - Accepted Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike.
4MB

Abstract

Indian musicians, scholars, and music therapists have explored the use of raga for many years, with music therapists recommending its use in meditation, visualization, and clinical improvisation. Little formal research, however, exists concerning the use of raga in clinical settings with clients unfamiliar with this style of music. By means of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, this qualitative research explored the lived experiences of 3 participants unfamiliar with raga within a live-receptive raga intervention. The primary method of data collection was semi-structured interviews. The following overarching themes emerged through coding and analysis of the interviews: (a) initial awareness of sensory stimulation/environment; (b) pre-contextual thought processes as inherent to the experience; (c) raga as a trusted guide; the development of a “cognitive holding space” through music; (d) emotional and physiological changes throughout the musical movement; and (e) preferred duration of experience. These overarching themes as well as subsidiary themes were explored at a group level while accounting for the unique and rich differences of the participants’ individual experiences. The study provides information to further the dialogue concerning integration of raga within a music therapy context. Particular receptive interventions that may enrich the therapeutic experiences of populations of diverse and non-specialized backgrounds are suggested.

Divisions:Concordia University > Faculty of Fine Arts > Creative Arts Therapies
Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Authors:Venkatarangam, Stephen
Institution:Concordia University
Degree Name:M.A.
Program:Creative Arts Therapies (Music Therapy)
Date:5 September 2017
Thesis Supervisor(s):Curtis, Sandra
Keywords:raga alap receptive music therapy intervention interpretative phenomenological analysis sitar mindfulness imagery rasa bhava emotion
ID Code:982990
Deposited By: STEPHEN VENKATARANGAM
Deposited On:17 Nov 2017 17:04
Last Modified:18 Jan 2018 17:56

References:

Balkwill, L.-L., & Thompson, W. F. (1999). A cross-cultural investigation of the perception of emotion in music: Psychophysical and cultural cues. Music Perception: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 17(1), 43–64. http://doi.org/10.2307/40285811

Bonny, H. L. (1999). Music and consciousness. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 8(2), 171-179. doi:10.1080/08098139909477971

Bowling, D. L. (2013). A vocal basis for the affective character of musical mode in melody. Frontiers in Psychology, 4. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00464

Bowling D. L., Sundararajan J., Han S., & Purves D. (2012). Expression of emotion in Eastern and Western music mirrors vocalization. Plus One, 7(3), e31942.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031942

Bruscia, K. (2015). Notes on the practice of Guided Imagery and Music. Dallas, TX:
Barcelona.

Bruscia, K. (2014). Defining music therapy. (3rd ed.). Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.

Bruscia, K. (2005). A collaborative heuristic analysis of imagery-m: A classical music program used in the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM). Qualitative Inquiries in Music Therapy, 2, 1-35. Retrieved from http://www.barcelonapublishers.com/resources/QIMTV2/QIMT20052(1)Brusciaetal.pdf

Brown, J. M (2002). Towards a culturally centered music therapy practice. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 2(1) 1504-1611. doi. org/ 10.15845/voices.v2i1.72

Caudhurī, V. R. (2000). The dictionary of Hindustani classical music (Vol. 8). Delhi, IN: Motilal Banarsidass Pub.

Clayton, M. (2001). Introduction: Towards a theory of musical meaning (in India and elsewhere). British Journal of Ethnomusicology, 10(1), 1–17. doi:10.1080/09681220108567307

Clayton, M., Sager, R., & Will, U. (2004). In time with the music: The concept of entrainment and its significance for ethnomusicology. Retrieved from http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/experience/InTimeWithTheMusic.pdf

Collier, W. G., & Hubbard, T. L. (2001). Musical scales and evaluations of happiness and awkwardness: Effects of pitch, direction, and scale mode. The American Journal of Psychology, 114(3), 355–375. http://doi.org/10.2307/1423686

Cook, P. M., & Cook, P. M. (1997). Sacred music therapy in North India. The World of Music, 39(1), 61–83. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41699130

Davis, W. B. (2003). Ira Maximilian Altshuler: Psychiatrist and pioneer music therapist. Journal of Music Therapy, 40(3), 247–263. doi:10.1093/jmt/40.3.247

Dona, L. M. K. (2012). On the therapeutic aspects of Indian classical music. Musik-, Tanz Und Kunsttherapie, 23(1), 8–14. doi:10.1026/0933-6885/a000069

Deshmukh, A. D., Sarvaiya, A. A., Seethalakshmi, R., & Nayak, A. S. (2009). Effect of Indian classical music on quality of sleep in depressed patients: A randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 18(1), 70–78. doi:10.1080/08098130802697269

Forney, K., & Machlis, J. (2007). The enjoyment of music: An introduction to perceptive listening. New York, NY: Norton.
Glass, P. (1990). Ragas in minor scale [Recorded by Ravi Shankar & Philip Glass]. On Shankar & Glass: Passages [CD]. Berlin, DE: BMG Entertainment.

Grocke, D., & Wigram, T. (2007). Receptive methods in music therapy: Techniques and clinical applications for music therapy clinicians, educators and students. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley.

Harrison, G. (2009). Within you without you [Recorded by The Beatles]. On Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band [CD]. London, UK: EMI Records Ltd. (1967)

Juslin, P.N., Liljestrom, S., Vastfjall, D., & Lundqvist, L.O. (2010). How does music evokes emotions? Exploring undelying mechanisms. In P.N. Juslin, & J.A. Sloboda (eds.), Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, Applications (pp. 605-642). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Kaufmann, W. (1968). The ragas of North India. New Delhi, India: Indiana University Press.

Kaufmann, W. (1965). Rasa, raga-mala and performance times in North Indian ragas. Ethnomusicology, 9(3), 272-291. doi:10.2307/850238

Kenny, C. (2006). Music & life in the field of play: An anthology. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.
Kenny, C. B. (1985). Music: A whole systems approach. Music Therapy, 5(1), 3-11.

Khan, S. P. (2005). Raga Desh. On Ustad Shahid Parvez-Live! [MP4]. Kolkata India: Rhyme Records.

Lee, C., & Houde, M. (2011). Improvising in styles: A workbook for music therapists, educators, and musicians. Gilsum, NH: Barcelona.

Lester, S. (1999). An Introduction to Phenomenological Research. Retrieved from https://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/F50603E0-41AF-4B15-9C84-BA7E4DE8CB4F/0/Seaweedphenomenologyresearch.pdf

McLaughlin, J. (2001). Miles beyond [Recorded by
Mahavishnu Orchestra]. On Birds of Fire [CD]. Paris, FR: Sony Music Entertainment. (1973)

Meadows, A. (2010). The evolution of GIM programming. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 10(3). doi:10.15845/voices.v10i3.497

Miller, J. J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(3), 192-200. doi: 10.1016/0163-8343(95)00025-M

Miner, A. (2004). Sitar and sarod in the 18th and 19th centuries (Vol. 7). Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass.

Monk, G., Winslade, J., & Sinclair, S. (2008). New horizons in multicultural counseling. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Menuhin, Y., & Davis, C. W. (1979). The music of man. London, UK: Macdonald and Jane’s.

Moreno, J. (1988). Multicultural music therapy: The world music connection. Journal of Music Therapy, 25(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/25.1.17

Moridaira, N. (2013). Using regulative music therapy at a college counseling center in Japan. Music Therapy Today, 9(1), 212-213.

Ng, Wai Man. (2017, June). Promoting music and imagery through live Chinese music and Chinese GIM programs. Poster presented at the meeting of the 24th Association for Music and Imagery International Conference, Montreal, Canada. Poster description retrieved from https://ami-bonnymethod.org/images/uploads/AMI.Presenters.description.pdf

Nizamie, S. H., & Tikka, S. K. (2014). Psychiatry and music. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(2), 128. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.130482.

Nunn, A. L. (2010). Eating disorder and the experience of self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/handle/2299/4513

Powers, H. S. (1958). Mode and raga. The Musical Quarterly, 44(4), 448–460. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/740707

Ramos, D., Bueno, J. L. O., & Bigand, E. (2011). Manipulating Greek musical modes and tempo affects perceived musical emotion in musicians and non-musicians. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 44(2), 165-172. doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500148

Ranade, S. G. (1964). Frequency spectra of Indian music and musical instruments. Research Department, All India Radio, New Delhi.

Rao, P., Ross, J. C., Ganguli, K. K., Pandit, V., Ishwar, V., Bellur, A., & Murthy, H. A. (2014). Classification of melodic motifs in raga music with time-series matching. Journal of New Music Research, 43(1), 115-131. doi:10.1080/09298215.2013.873470

Reich, S. (1968). Music as a gradual process. Writings on Music, 1965-2000, 34-36. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195151152.003.0004

Ruckert, G., Khan, U. A., & Khan, A. A. (2009). The classical music of North India: The music of the Baba Allauddin Gharana as taught by Ali Akbar Khan at the Ali Akbar College of Music. New Delhi, IN: Munshiram Manoharlal.

Rumball, K. (2010). The effects of group musical activity on psychiatric patients in India. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 10(2). doi:10.15845/voices.v10i2.164

Ruud, E. (2013). Can music serve as a “cultural immunogen”?: An explorative study. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 8(1), 20597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v8i0.20597

Sairam, T. V. (2006). Melody and rhythm: “Indianness” in Indian music and music therapy. Music Therapy Today, 7(4), 876 – 891. 


Schafer, R. M. (1969). The new soundscape. Ontario, CAN: BMI Canada Limited.

Schwabe, C. (2007). Regulatory music therapy (RMT). Milestones of a conceptual development. In I. Frohne-Hagemann (ed.), Receptive Music Therapy: Theory and Practice (pp. 203-210). Wiesbaden, DE: Reichert Verlag.

Sharma, L. & Chakroborty, D. (2017, July). Hindustani music as a tool for stress relaxation medium for aged people. Workshop presented at the 15th World Congress of Music Therapy of the World Federation of Music Therapy, Tsukuba, JP.

Sharma, M., & Jagdev, T. (2012). Use of music therapy for enhancing self-esteem among academically stressed adolescents. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 27(1), 53-64. psychology of health and illness. Material discourses of health and illness, 68-91.

Slawek, S. (1998). Keeping it going: Terms, practices and processes of improvisation in Hindustani Instrumental Music. In B. Nettl & M. Russell (Eds.), ‬In the course of performance: Studies in the world of musical improvisation (pp. 335-368). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Smith, J. A. & Osborn, M. (2008). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 53-80). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology & Health, 11(2), 261–271. doi:10.1080/08870449608400256

Stige, B. (2007). The Grieg effect: On the contextualized effects of music in music therapy. Voices: A World Forum for Music Therapy, 7(3). doi:10.15845/voices.v7i3.548

Straehley, I. C., & Loebach, J. L. (2014). The influence of mode and musical experience on the attribution of emotions to melodic sequences. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain, 24(1), 21-34. doi:10.1037/pmu0000032

Sundar, S., & Parmar, P.N. (2016). Music Therapy: Bridging traditional healing system and modern science. Ann. SBV, 5(2), 33-35.

Sundar, S. (2007). Traditional healing systems and modern music therapy in India. Music Therapy Today, 8(3), 397-407.

Sundar, S. (2005). The ancient healing roots of Indian music. Voices Resources. Retrieved from http://testvoices.uib.no/community/?q=country/monthindia_march2005a

Sundar, S., Durai, P., & Parmar P. N. (2016) Indian classical music as receptive music therapy improves tridoshic balance and major depression in a pregnant woman. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 4(9), 8-11.

Viswanathan, T. (1977). The analysis of Rāga alāpana in South Indian music. Asian Music, 9(1), 13-71. http://doi.org/10.2307/833817
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Downloads per month over past year

Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
- Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
Back to top Back to top