References:

C. Fuhs and J. Obenberger, “Development of high-occupancy vehicle facilities: Review of national trends,” Transportation Research Record, no. 1781, pp. 1–9, 2002.

M. Menendez and C. F. Daganzo, “Effects of HOV lanes on freeway bottlenecks,” Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 809–822, 2007.

A. Guin, M. Hunter, and R. Guensler, “Analysis of reduction in effective capacities of high-occupancy vehicle lanes related to traffic behavior,” Transportation Research Record, no. 2065, pp. 47–53, 2008.

J. I. Bauer, C. A. McKellar, J. M. Bunker, and J. Wikman, “High occupancy vehicle lanes-an overall evaluation including Brisbane case studies,” in Proceedings of the 2005 AITPM National Conference, J. Douglas, Ed., pp. 229–244.

T. F. Golob, W. W. Recker, and D. W. Levine, “Safety of high-occupancy vehicle lanes without physical separation,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 115, no. 6, pp. 591–607, 1989.

K. Jang, K. Chung, D. R. Ragland, and C.-Y. Chan, “Safety performance of high-occupancy-vehicle facilities,” Transportation Research Record, no. 2099, pp. 132–140, 2009.

X. Qi, G. Wu, K. Boriboonsomsin, and M. J. Barth, “Empirical study of lane-changing characteristics on high-occupancy-vehicle facilities with different types of access control based on aerial survey data,” Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 142, no. 1, Article ID 04015034, 2016.

H. Tao, M. G. Foomani, and C. Alecsandru, “A two-step microscopic traffic safety evaluation model of reserved lanes facilities: an arterial case study,” in Transportation Research Board 94th Annual Meeting No. 15-3635, 2015.

V. Thamizh Arasan and P. Vedagiri, “Microsimulation study of the effect of exclusive bus lanes on heterogeneous traffic flow,” Journal of Urban Planning and Development, vol. 136, no. 1, Article ID 009001QUP, pp. 50–58, 2010.

B. N. Persaud, R. A. Retting, P. E. Garder, and D. Lord, Observational BeforeAfter Study of the Safety Effect of US, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2001.

D. Gettman and L. Head, “Surrogate safety measures from traffic simulation models,” Transportation Research Record, no. 1840, pp. 104–115, 2003.

S. Srinivasan, P. Haas, P. Alluri, A. Gan, and J. Bonneson, “Crash prediction method for freeway segments 2 with high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes 3,” in Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting (No. 16-6333), 2016.

R. Elvik, “The predictive validity of empirical Bayes estimates of road safety,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1964–1969, 2008.

D. Gettman, L. Pu, T. Sayed, and S. G. Shelby, Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Validation: Final Report, 2008, No. FHWA-HRT-08-051.

A. Laureshyn, Å. Svensson, and C. Hydén, “Evaluation of traffic safety, based on micro-level behavioural data: theoretical framework and first implementation,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1637–1646, 2010.

W. Young, A. Sobhani, M. G. Lenné, and M. Sarvi, “Simulation of safety: A review of the state of the art in road safety simulation modelling,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 66, pp. 89–103, 2014.

J. Archer, “Developing the potential of micro-simulation modelling for traffic safety assessment,” in Proceedings of the 13th ICTCT Workshop, vol. 44, 2000.

J. Archer, Methods for the Assessment and Prediction of Traffic Safety at Urban Intersections and Their Application in Micro-Simulation Modelling, Royal Institute of Technology, 2004.

A. Sobhani, W. Young, and M. Sarvi, “A simulation based approach to assess the safety performance of road locations,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 32, pp. 144–158, 2013.

C. Hydén, The Development of a Method for Traffic Safety Evaluation: The Swedish Traffic Conflicts Technique, Bulletin Lund Institute of Technology, 1987.

S. J. Older and B. R. Spicer, “Traffic conflicts—a development in accident research,” Human Factors: The Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 335–350, 1976.

F. H. Amundsen and C. Hyden, “Proceedings of first workshop on traffic conflicts,” in Proceedings of Workshop on Traffic Conflicts, TTI, Oslo, Norway, 1977.

S. R. Perkins and J. L. Harris, “Traffic conflict characteristics-accident potential at intersections,” in Proceedings of the Traffic Safety and presented at the 47th Annual Meeting, pp. 35–43, Highway Research Board, 1968.

M. R. Parker and C. V. Zegeer, Traffic Conflict Techniques for Safety and Operations: Engineers Guide, 1989.

E. Hauer and P. Garder, “Research into the validity of the traffic conflicts technique,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 471–481, 1986.

K. El-Basyouny and T. Sayed, “Safety performance functions using traffic conflicts,” Safety Science, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 160–164, 2013.

R. Fan, H. Yu, P. Liu, and W. Wang, “Using VISSIM simulation model and surrogate safety assessment model for estimating field measured traffic conflicts at freeway merge areas,” IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 68–77, 2013.

F. Huang, P. Liu, H. Yu, and W. Wang, “Identifying if VISSIM simulation model and SSAM provide reasonable estimates for field measured traffic conflicts at signalized intersections,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 50, pp. 1014–1024, 2013.

M. Essa and T. Sayed, “Simulated traffic conflicts: do they accurately represent field-measured conflicts?” Transportation Research Record, vol. 2514, pp. 48–57, 2015.

PTV VISSIM 6 User Manual, Karlsrule, Germany, 2013.

S. Jackson, L. Miranda-Moreno, P. St-Aubin, and N. Saunier, “Flexible, mobile video camera system and open source video analysis software for road safety and behavioral analysis,” Transportation Research Record, no. 2365, pp. 90–98, 2013.

S. Mirjalili and A. Lewis, “The whale optimization algorithm,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 95, pp. 51–67, 2016.

G. R. Brown, “Traffic conflicts for road user safety studies,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 1994.