References:

J.S. Abramowitz, B.J. Deacon, B.O. Olatunji, M.G. Wheaton, N.C. Berman, D. Losardo, ..., L.R. Hale Assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: Development and evaluation of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Psychological Assessment, 22 (1) (2010), pp. 180-198

American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(5 ed.), American Psychiatric Publishing, Book, Arlington, VA (2013)

American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/principles.pdf

M.M. Antony, P.J. Bieling, B.J. Cox, M.W. Enns, R.P. Swinson Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in clinical groups and a community sample Psychological Assessment, 10 (2) (1998), pp. 176-181

C.L. Badour, M.T. Feldner, K.A. Babson, H. Blumenthal, C.E. Dutton Disgust, mental contamination, and posttraumatic stress: Unique relations following sexual versus non-sexual assault Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27 (1) (2013), pp. 155-162

C.L. Badour, R. Ojserkis, D. McKay, M.T. Feldner Disgust as a unique affective predictor of mental contamination following sexual trauma Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28 (7) (2014), pp. 704-711

A.T. Beck, N. Epstein, G. Brown, R.A. Steer An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (6) (1988), pp. 893-897

A.T. Beck, R.A. Steer, G. Brown Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II
Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX (1996)

O. Behling, K.S. Law Translating Questionnaires and Other Research Instruments. Problems and Solutions SAGE, Thousand Oaks, Callifornia (2000)

M.H. Bloch, A. Landeros-Weisenberger, M.C. Rosario, C. Pittenger, J.F. Leckman Meta-analysis of the symptom structure of obsessive-compulsive disorder American Journal of Psychiatry, 165 (12) (2008), pp. 1532-1542

C. Borg, P.J. de Jong, W.W. Schultz Vaginismus and Dyspareunia: Automatic vs. Deliberate Disgust Responsivity The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7 (6) (2010), pp. 2149-2157

G. Bottesi, M. Ghisi, G. Altoè, E. Conforti, G. Melli, C. Sica The Italian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21: Factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples Comprehensive Psychiatry, 60 (2015), pp. 170-181

T.A. Brown, P. Di Nardo, D.H. Barlow Anxiety disorders interview schedule adult version (ADIS-IV): Client interview schedule The Psychological Corporation Harcourt Brace & Company, San Antonio, TX (1994)

A. Buja, N. Eyuboglu Remarks on Parallel Analysis Multivariate Behavioral Research, 27 (4) (1992), pp. 509-540

Burns, G. L., Keortge, S. G., Formea, G. M., & Sternberger, L. G. (1996). Revision of the Padua Inventory of obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms: Distinctions between worry, obsessions, and compulsions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(2), 163–173.
P.R. Cannon, S. Schnall, M. White Transgressions and Expressions: Affective Facial Muscle Activity Predicts Moral Judgments Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2 (3) (2011), pp. 325-331

Carraresi, C., Bulli, F., Melli, G., & Stopani, E. (2013). Mental contamination in OCD: Its role in the relationship between disgust propensity and fear of contamination. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 10(3 SUPPL.1), 13–19.

I.P. Clara, M.W. Enns, B.J. Cox Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scales in Depressed and Anxious Patients Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23 (1) (2001), pp. 61-67

L.A. Clark, D. Watson Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development Psychological Assessment, 7 (3) (1995), pp. 309-319

A.E. Coughtrey, R. Shafran, M. Lee, S. Rachman It's the Feeling Inside My Head: A Qualitative Analysis of Mental Contamination in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40 (02) (2012), pp. 163-173

V. Curtis, M. de Barra, R. Aunger Disgust as an adaptive system for disease avoidance behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences, 366 (1563) (2011), pp. 389-401

G.C.L. Davey Self-reported fears to common indigenous animals in an adult UK population: The role of disgust sensitivity British Journal of Psychology, 85 (4) (1994), pp. 541-554

B. David, B.O. Olatunji, T. Armstrong, B.G. Ciesielski, C.L. Bondy, J. Broman-Fulks Incremental specificity of disgust sensitivity in the prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms: Cross-sectional and prospective approaches Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40 (4) (2009), pp. 533-543

C.M. Elliott, A.S. Radomsky Analyses of mental contamination: Part I, experimental manipulations of morality Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47 (12) (2009), pp. 995-1003

C.M. Elliott, A.S. Radomsky Mental contamination: The effects of imagined physical dirt and immoral behaviour Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50 (6) (2012), pp. 422-427

N. Fairbrother, S.J. Newth, S.J. RachmanMental pollution: feelings of dirtiness without physical contact Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43 (1) (2005), pp. 121-130

Fairbrother, N., & Rachman, S. (2004). Feelings of mental pollution subsequent to sexual assault. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(2), 173–189.

E.B. Foa, J.D. Huppert, S. Leiberg, R. Langner, R. Kichic, G. Hajcak, P.M. Salkovskis The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version Psychological Assessment, 14 (4) (2002), pp. 485-496

E.B. Foa, M.J. Kozak, W.K. Goodman, E. Hollander, M.A. Jenike, S.A. Rasmussen DSM-IV field trial: obsessive-compulsive disorder The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152 (1) (1995), pp. 90-96

M. Ghisi, G.B. Flebus, A. Montano, E. Sanavio, C. Sica Beck Depression Inventory
O.S. - Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze (2006)

J. Graham, J. Haidt, B.A. Nosek Liberals and Conservatives Rely on Different Sets of Moral Foundations Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96 (5) (2009), pp. 1029-1046

Haidt, J., McCauley, C., & Rozin, P. (1994). Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors. Personality and Individual Differences, 16(5), 701–713.

J.K. Herba, S.J. Rachman Vulnerability to mental contamination Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45 (11) (2007), pp. 2804-2812J

M. Jan Ejsmond, J. Radwan, A.B. Wilson Sexual selection and the evolutionary dynamics of the major histocompatibility complex Proceedings. Biological Sciences, 281 (1796) (2014), p. 20141662

P.J. de Jong, C. Borg Self-directed disgust: Reciprocal relationships with sex and sexual dysfunction P.A. Powell, P.G. Overton, J. Simpson (Eds.), The revolting self: Perspectives on the psychological and clinical implications of self-directed disgust, Karnak Books, London (2015), pp. 89-112

Koukounas, E., & McCabe, M. (1997). Sexual and emotional variables influencing sexual response to erotica. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(3), 221–230.

J.F. Landy, J. Piazza Reevaluating Moral Disgust Sensitivity to Many Affective States Predicts Extremity in Many Evaluative Judgments. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 194855061773611 (2017)

R.S. Longman, A.A. Cota, R.R. Holden, G.C. Fekken A Regression Equation for the Parallel Analysis Criterion in Principal Components Analysis: Mean and 95th Percentile Eigenvalues Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24 (1) (1989), pp. 59-69

U. Lorenzo-Seva, P.J. Ferrando FACTOR: a computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model Behavior Research Methods, 38 (1) (2006), pp. 88-91

S.H. Lovibond, P.F. Lovibond Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales
(2nd ed.), Psychology Foundation, Sydney (1995)

H.W. Marsh, Z. Wen, K.T. Hau Structural equation models of latent interactions: evaluation of alternative estimation strategies and indicator construction Psychological Methods, 9 (3) (2004), pp. 275-300

G. Melli, E. Avallone, R. Moulding, A. Pinto, E. Micheli, C. Carraresi Validation of the Italian version of the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale–Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II) in a clinical sample Comprehensive Psychiatry, 60 (2015), pp. 86-92

G. Melli, F. Bulli, C. Carraresi, E. Stopani Disgust propensity and contamination-related OCD symptoms: The mediating role of mental contamination Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3 (2) (2014), pp. 77-82

G. Melli, F. Bulli, C. Carraresi, F. Tarantino, S. Gelli, A. Poli The differential relationship between mental contamination and the core dimensions of contact contamination fear Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 45 (2017), pp. 9-16

G. Melli, C. Carraresi, A. Poli, D. Marazziti, A. Pinto The role of guilt sensitivity in OCD symptom dimensions Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24 (5) (2017), pp. 1079-1089
G. Melli, C. Carraresi, E. Stopani, A.S. Radomsky, F. Bulli Factor structure and temporal stability of the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory–Mental Contamination Scale (VOCI-MC) and psychometric properties of its Italian version Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58 (2015), pp. 198-204

G. Melli, C. Chiorri, F. Bulli, C. Carraresi, E. Stopani, J. Abramowitz Factor Congruence and Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) Across Non-Clinical and Clinical Samples Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 37 (2) (2014), pp. 329-339

G. Melli, C. Chiorri, C. Carraresi, E. Stopani, F. Bulli The role of disgust propensity and trait guilt in OCD symptoms: A multiple regression model in a clinical sample Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 5 (2015), pp. 43-48

G. Melli, C. Chiorri, R. Smurra Further revision and psychometric properties of an Italian version of the Disgust Scale-Revised Psicoterapia Cognitiva E Comportamentale, 19 (2013), pp. 63-93
G. Melli, C. Chiorri, E. Stopani, F. Bulli, C. Carraresi Development and validation of a new Italian short measure of disgust propensity: The Disgust Propensity Questionnaire (DPQ) Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24 (5) (2017), pp. 1189-1204

G. Melli, R. Moulding, A. Poli Is it more disgusting if I think about it? Examining the interaction of obsessive beliefs and disgust propensity in clinical obsessive-compulsive disorder Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 11 (2016), pp. 74-81

J.F.A. Millar, P.M. Salkovskis, C. Brown Mental contamination in the “dirty kiss”: Imaginal betrayal or bodily fluids? Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 8 (2016), pp. 70-74

B. Muthén, S.H.C. duToit, D. Spisic Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes Unpublished technical report (1997)

B. Muthén, D. Kaplan A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non-normal Likert variables British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38 (2) (1985), pp. 171-189

M. Nedeljkovic, R. Moulding, E. Foroughi, M. Kyrios, G. Doron Cultural Issues in Understanding and Treating Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders G. Steketee (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive and Spectrum Disorders, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England (2012), pp. 1-66

M. Oaten, R.J. Stevenson, T.I. Case Disgust as a disease-avoidance mechanism
Psychological Bulletin, 135 (2) (2009), pp. 303-321

B.O. Olatunji Disgust, scrupulosity and conservative attitudes about sex: Evidence for a mediational model of homophobia Journal of Research in Personality, 42 (5) (2008), pp. 1364-1369

B.O. Olatunji, T. Adams, B. Ciesielski, B. David, S. Sarawgi, J. Broman-Fulks The Three Domains of Disgust Scale: Factor Structure, Psychometric Properties, and Conceptual Limitations Assessment, 19 (2) (2012), pp. 205-225

B.O. Olatunji, J.M. Cisler, B.J. Deacon, K. Connolly, J.M. Lohr The Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale-Revised: Psychometric properties and specificity in relation to anxiety disorder symptoms Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21 (7) (2007), pp. 918-930

B.O. Olatunji, C. Ebesutani, E.H. Kim Examination of a bifactor model of the Three Domains of Disgust Scale: Specificity in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms Psychological Assessment, 27 (1) (2015), pp. 102-113

B.O. Olatunji, J.M. Lohr, N.L. Williams, D.F. Tolin, J.S. Abramowitz, C.N. Sawchuk, L.S.Elwood The Disgust Scale: Item analysis, factor structure, and suggestions for refinement Psychological Assessment, 19 (3) (2007), pp. 281-297

B.O. Olatunji, M.W. Moretz, K.B. Wolitzky-Taylor, D. McKay, P.B. McGrath, B.G. Ciesielski Disgust Vulnerability and Symptoms of Contamination-Based OCD: Descriptive Tests of Incremental Specificity Behavior Therapy, 41 (4) (2010), pp. 475-490

B.O. Olatunji, C.N. Sawchuk Disgust: Characteristic Features, Social Manifestations, and Clinical Implications Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24 (7) (2005), pp. 932-962

Olatunji, B. O., Sawchuk, C. N., Lohr, J. M., & de Jong, P. J. (2004). Disgust domains in the prediction of contamination fear. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(1), 93–104.

B.O. Olatunji, N.L. Williams, J.M. Lohr, C.N. SawchukT he structure of disgust: domain specificity in relation to contamination ideation and excessive washing Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43 (8) (2005), pp. 1069-1086

W.J.M. van Overveld, P.J. de Jong, M.L. Peters, K. Cavanagh, G.C.L. Davey Disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity: Separate constructs that are differentially related to specific fears Personality and Individual Differences, 41 (7) (2006), pp. 1241-1252

S.J. Rachman Fear of contamination Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42 (11) (2004), pp. 1227-1255

S.J. Rachman The Fear of Contamination: Assessment and treatment Oxford University Press, New York (2006)

S.J. Rachman Betrayal: a psychological analysis Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48 (4) (2010), pp. 304-311

S. Rachman, A. Coughtrey, R. Shafran, A. Radomsky Oxford Guide to the Treatment of Mental Contamination Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2014)
Rachman et al., 2012
S.J. Rachman, A.S. Radomsky, C.M. Elliott, E. Zysk Mental contamination: the perpetrator effect Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43 (1) (2012), pp. 587-593

A.S. Radomsky, A. Coughtrey, R. Shafran, S. Rachman Abnormal and normal mental contamination Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 17 (2018), pp. 46-51

A.S. Radomsky, C.M. Elliott Analyses of mental contamination: Part II, individual differences
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47 (12) (2009), pp. 1004-1011

A.S. Radomsky, S.J. Rachman, R. Shafran, A.E. Coughtrey, K.C. Barber The nature and assessment of mental contamination: A psychometric analysis Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3 (2) (2014), pp. 181-187
Rasmussen and Eisen, 1992
S.A. Rasmussen, J.L. Eisen The epidemiology and clinical features of obsessive compulsive disorder The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 15 (4) (1992), pp. 743-758

P. Rozin, J. Haidt, C.R. McCauley Disgust L.F. Barrett, M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (4th ed.), Guilford Press, New York (2016), pp. 815-834
Russell and Giner-Sorolla, 2013
P.S. Russell, R. Giner-Sorolla Bodily moral disgust: What it is, how it is different from anger, and why it is an unreasoned emotion Psychological Bulletin, 139 (2) (2013), pp. 328-351

J. Schaich Borg, D. Lieberman, K.A. Kiehl Infection, Incest, and Iniquity: Investigating the Neural Correlates of Disgust and Morality Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20 (9) (2008), pp. 1529-1546

A. Schienle, R. Stark, B. Walter, D. Vaitl The connection between disgust sensitivity and blood-related fears, faintness symptoms, and obsessive-compulsiveness in a non-clinical sample Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 16 (2) (2003), pp. 185-193

C. Sica, D. Coradeschi, M. Ghisi, E. Sanavio Beck Anxiety Inventory - BAI. Manuale O.S. - Organizzazioni Speciali, Firenze (2006)

C. Sica, M. Ghisi The Italian versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory-II: Psychometric properties and discriminant power M.A. Lange (Ed.), Leading-edge psychological tests and testing research, Nova Science Publisher, Inc (2007), pp. 27-50

C. Sica, M. Ghisi, G. Altoè, L.R. Chiri, S. Franceschini, D. Coradeschi, G. Melli The Italian version of the obsessive compulsive inventory: its psychometric properties on community and clinical samples Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23 (2) (2009), pp. 204-211

E.A. Storch, S.A. Rasmussen, L.H. Price, M.J. Larson, T.K. Murphy, W.K. Goodman Development and psychometric evaluation of the Yale–Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Second Edition Psychological Assessment, 22 (2) (2010), pp. 223-232

J.P. Tangney, J. Stuewig, D.J. Mashek Moral Emotions and Moral Behavior Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (1) (2007), pp. 345-372

R. Thornhill, S.W. Gangestad Facial sexual dimorphism, developmental stability, and susceptibility to disease in men and women Evolution and Human Behavior, 27 (2) (2006), pp. 131-144

M.E. Timmerman, U. Lorenzo-Seva Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis Psychological Methods, 16 (2) (2011), pp. 209-220

R. Travis, T.A. Fergus The potentiating effect of disgust sensitivity on the relationship between disgust propensity and mental contamination Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 6 (2015), pp. 114-119

J.M. Tybur, Y. Inbar, E. Güler, C. Molho Is the relationship between pathogen avoidance and ideological conservatism explained by sexual strategies? Evolution and Human Behavior, 36 (6) (2015), pp. 489-497

J.M. Tybur, D. Lieberman, V. Griskevicius Microbes, mating, and morality: Individual differences in three functional domains of disgust Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97 (1) (2009), pp. 103-122

J.M. Tybur, D. Lieberman, R. Kurzban, P. DeScioli Disgust: Evolved function and structure Psychological Review, 120 (1) (2013), pp. 65-84

C.M. Vicario, R.D. Rafal, D. Martino, A. Avenanti Core, social and moral disgust are bounded: A review on behavioral and neural bases of repugnance in clinical disorders Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 80 (2017), pp. 185-200
E. Warnock-Parkes, P.M. Salkovskis, J. Rachman When the problem is beneath the surface in OCD: the cognitive treatment of a case of pure mental contamination Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40 (4) (2012), pp. 383-399

D. Westen, R. Rosenthal Quantifying construct validity: Two simple measures Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (2003), pp. 608-618

T. Wheatley, J. Haidt Hypnotic Disgust Makes Moral Judgments More Severe Psychological Science, 16 (10) (2005), pp. 780-784

J. Zhang, L. Zheng, Y. Zheng Moral and Sexual Disgust Suppress Sexual Risk Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (2017), p. 2045