Fayed, Eslam Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed (2020) Influence of Thermal Post-Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of the Additively Manufactured Inconel 718 Superalloy using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process. PhD thesis, Concordia University.
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
20MBFayed_PhD_S2021.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
In an attempt to improve the performance of the additively manufactured (AM) Inconel 718 (IN718) superalloy, a typical material widely used for turbine engine components in the aerospace and energy industries, the current work studies the effect of thermal post-processing on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the AM IN718. Additive manufacturing and, in particular, the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of IN718 offers several advantages over the conventionally manufactured IN718 (cast and wrought). However, the existence of some inherited manufacturing defects in the as-printed parts presents an obstacle to produce components with specifications that meet the design requirements. Thus, post-heat treatment of LPBF printed IN718 is an essential and integral part of the industrial operations to mitigate these drawbacks.
For this purpose, in the present study, a heat treatment time window, including a wide time range of homogenization (at 1080°C; 1 to 7h) and solution (at 980°C; 15 to 60 min) treatments, is established to study the effects of the treatments time on the microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature (RT) and at 650°C of the LPBF printed IN718 parts. The results demonstrate that the 1h homogenization treatment is not enough to significantly change the as-printed grain structure, the strong crystallographic texture and to annihilate the primary dislocation tangles. However, a completely recrystallized IN718 material with non-distinct texture and stress relived grains are obtained after 4h. A further increase in the homogenization time to 7h results in grain growth as well as greater and coarser MC carbides. Therefore, the increase in the homogenization time from 1 up to 7h results in a progressive decrease in the mechanical properties at RT and at 650°C. For the solution treatment, the treatment time does not cause a noticeable change in the grain structure and material texture but significantly affects the precipitation amount of δ-phase. The role of the solution time in the improvement of the mechanical properties at 650°C is crucial due to the increase in the grain boundary strength through the pinning effect of δ-phase.
Based on the results obtained at different treatment time, a multi-objective optimization is employed to tune homogenization and solution time and achieve the optimum heat treatments that can fulfill the required mechanical properties and material texture. The results show that, after the conditions which include 2.5 and 4h homogenization treatment at 1080°C followed by 1h solution at 980°C and standard aging treatments (2.5H/1S and 4H/1S), a significant improvement in the mechanical properties at RT and 650°C is observed, compared with the wrought IN718. Furthermore, after the 4H/1S condition, a good balance between the strength and ductility is obtained at RT.
To assess the thermal stability of the obtained optimum heat treatments during the in-service conditions, the as-printed, 2.5H/1S and 4H/1S conditions are subjected to thermal cycling similar to what is encountered in the aircraft turbine engines for long periods up to 3000h. The results reveal that the 4H/1S condition possesses higher thermal stability over the in-service exposure than the as-printed and 2.5H/1S conditions, as a relatively lower strength loss of 3.3% is counted for the 4H/1S condition after 3000h thermal exposure, while for the as printed and 2.5H/1S conditions, strength loss of 7.4 and 5.3%, respectively, are counted. Furthermore, the 4H/1S treatment results in delaying the deterioration of material strength for longer thermal exposure time (after 2000h), whereas the 2.5H/1S treatment results in deterioration of the material strength after only 1000h thermal exposure due to the retarded phase transformation of the metastable γ″ into more stable δ-phase within grains interior in the former treatment.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
| Authors: | Fayed, Eslam Mohamed Mahmoud Mohamed |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | Ph. D. |
| Program: | Mechanical Engineering |
| Date: | 29 October 2020 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | Medraj, Mamoun |
| Keywords: | High-temperature mechanical properties; additive manufacturing; laser powder bed fusion; nickel-based superalloy; IN718; fracture analysis; microstructure |
| ID Code: | 987822 |
| Deposited By: | Eslam Fayed |
| Deposited On: | 29 Jun 2021 21:08 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Jan 2022 01:00 |
References:
[1] C. Luke Nelson, Selective laser melting of nickel superalloys for high temperature applications, Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy Degree, University of Birmingham, 2013.[2] Y.L. Hu, Y.L. Li, S.Y. Zhang, X. Lin, Z.H. Wang, W.D. Huang, Effect of solution temperature on static recrystallization and ductility of Inconel 625 superalloy fabricated by directed energy deposition, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 772 (2020) 138711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138711.
[3] N.J. Harrison, Selective laser melting of nickel superalloys: solidification, microstructure and material response, Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy Degree, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17033/ (accessed April 22, 2020).
[4] I. Gurrappa, I.V.S. Yashwanth, I. Mounika, H. Murakami, S. Kuroda, The importance of hot corrosion and its effective prevention for enhanced efficiency of gas turbines, (2014).
[5] E. Akca, A. Gürsel, A review on superalloys and IN718 nickel-based Inconel superalloy, Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences. 3 (2015) 15–27.
[6] M. Ashabul Anam, Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted superalloy Inconel 625, Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, 2018.
[7] M.D. Sangid, T.A. Book, D. Naragani, J. Rotella, P. Ravi, P. Kenesei, J.-S. Park, H. Sharma, J. Almer, X. Xiao, Role of heat treatment and build orientation in the microstructure sensitive deformation characteristics of IN718 produced via SLM additive manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing. 22 (2018) 479–496.
[8] D.F. Paulonis, J.J. Schirra, Alloy 718 at Pratt & Whitney-Historical perspective and future challenges, Superalloys. 718 (2001) 13–23.
[9] A. Thomas, M. El-Wahabi, J. Cabrera, J. Prado, High temperature deformation of Inconel 718, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 177 (2006) 469–472.
[10] D. Keiser, H. Brown, Review of the physical metallurgy of Alloy 718, 1976.
[11] D. Deng, Additively manufactured Inconel 718: microstructures and mechanical properties, Licentiate Thesis Degree, Linköping University, 2018.
[12] W.M. Tucho, P. Cuvillier, A. Sjolyst-Kverneland, V. Hansen, Microstructure and hardness studies of Inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting before and after solution heat treatment, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 689 (2017) 220–232.
[13] X. Li, J. Shi, C. Wang, G. Cao, A. Russell, Z. Zhou, C. Li, G. Chen, Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. (2018).
[14] N.C. Ferreri, S.C. Vogel, M. Knezevic, Determining volume fractions of γ, γ′, γ″, δ, and MC-carbide phases in Inconel 718 as a function of its processing history using an advanced neutron diffraction procedure, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 781 (2020) 139228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139228.
[15] G. Cao, T. Sun, C. Wang, X. Li, M. Liu, Z. Zhang, P. Hu, A.M. Russell, R. Schneider, D. Gerthsen, Investigations of γ′, γ ″and δ precipitates in heat-treated Inconel 718 alloy fabricated by selective laser melting, Materials Characterization. 136 (2018) 398–406.
[16] H. Eiselstein, Metallurgy of a Columbium-Hardened Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy, Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys. (1965). https://doi.org/10.1520/STP43733S.
[17] Y. Desvallées, M. Bouzidi, F. Bois, N. Beaude, Delta phase in Inconel 718: mechanical properties and forging process requirements, Superalloys. 718 (1994) 281–291.
[18] H. Zhang, S. Zhang, M. Cheng, Z. Li, Deformation characteristics of δ phase in the delta-processed Inconel 718 alloy, Materials Characterization. 61 (2010) 49–53.
[19] S. Li, J. Zhuang, J. Yang, X. Xie, The effect of phase on crack propagation under creep and fatigue conditions in alloy 718, Superalloys. 718 (1994) 625–706.
[20] M.J. Donachie, S.J. Donachie, Superalloys: A Technical Guide, 2nd Edition, ASM International, 2002.
[21] M. Sundararaman, P. Mukhopadhyay, S. Banerjee, Carbide precipitation in nickel base superalloys 718 and 625 and their effect on mechanical properties, Superalloys. 718 (1997) 625–706.
[22] C.T. Sims, A contemporary view of nickel-base superalloys, The Journal of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society. 18 (1966) 1119–1130. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03378505.
[23] F. Zupanič, T. Bončina, A. Križman, F. Tichelaar, Structure of continuously cast Ni-based superalloy Inconel 713C, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 329 (2001) 290–297.
[24] D. Zhang, Z. Feng, C. Wang, W. Wang, Z. Liu, W. Niu, Comparison of microstructures and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy processed by selective laser melting and casting, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 724 (2018) 357–367.
[25] P. Liu, J. Hu, S. Sun, K. Feng, Y. Zhang, M. Cao, Microstructural evolution and phase transformation of Inconel 718 alloys fabricated by selective laser melting under different heat treatment, Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 39 (2019) 226–232.
[26] D. Zhang, W. Niu, X. Cao, Z. Liu, Effect of standard heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melting manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 644 (2015) 32–40.
[27] P. G.D., What Is Wrought Metal?, (n.d.). https://www.hunker.com/13412365/what-is-wrought-metal.
[28] E. Hosseini, V. Popovich, A review of mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718, Additive Manufacturing. 30 (2019) 100877.
[29] R. Seede, Microstructural analysis and mechanical properties evaluation of heat treated selective laser melted Inconel 718, Thesis for Master of Science Degree, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, 2017.
[30] W.E. Frazier, Metal additive manufacturing: A review, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 23 (2014) 1917–1928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z.
[31] L. Yang, K. Hsu, B. Baughman, D. Godfrey, F. Medina, M. Menon, S. Wiener, Additive manufacturing of metals: the technology, materials, design and production, Springer, 2017.
[32] E.C. Santos, M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, T. Laoui, Rapid manufacturing of metal components by laser forming, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 46 (2006) 1459–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2005.09.005.
[33] S. Bremen, W. Meiners, A. Diatlov, Selective laser melting: a manufacturing technology for the future, Laser Technik Journal. 9 (2012) 33–38.
[34] J. Strößner, M. Terock, U. Glatzel, Mechanical and microstructural investigation of nickel‐based superalloy IN718 manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM), Advanced Engineering Materials. 17 (2015) 1099–1105.
[35] T. Trosch, J. Strößner, R. Völkl, U. Glatzel, Microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted Inconel 718 compared to forging and casting, Materials Letters. 164 (2016) 428–431.
[36] M. Monzón, Z. Ortega, A. Martínez, F. Ortega, Standardization in additive manufacturing: activities carried out by international organizations and projects, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 76 (2015) 1111–1121.
[37] I. Gibson, D. Rosen, B. Stucker, Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, New York, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2113-3.
[38] Laser Additive Manufacturing (AM): Classification, Processing Philosophy, and Metallurgical Mechanisms | SpringerLink, (n.d.). https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-46089-4_2 (accessed April 8, 2020).
[39] I. Gibson, D.W. Rosen, B. Stucker, Powder Bed Fusion Processes, in: I. Gibson, D.W. Rosen, B. Stucker (Eds.), Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing, Springer US, Boston, MA, 2010: pp. 120–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1120-9_5.
[40] M. Brandt, Laser Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Design, Technologies, and Applications, Woodhead Publishing, 2016.
[41] J.-P. Choi, G.-H. Shin, S. Yang, D.-Y. Yang, J.-S. Lee, M. Brochu, J.-H. Yu, Densification and microstructural investigation of Inconel 718 parts fabricated by selective laser melting, Powder Technology. 310 (2017) 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.030.
[42] C.Y. Yap, C.K. Chua, Z.L. Dong, Z.H. Liu, D.Q. Zhang, L.E. Loh, S.L. Sing, Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications, Applied Physics Reviews. 2 (2015) 041101.
[43] K. Guan, Z. Wang, M. Gao, X. Li, X. Zeng, Effects of processing parameters on tensile properties of selective laser melted 304 stainless steel, Materials & Design. 50 (2013) 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.056.
[44] M. Shiomi, K. Osakada, K. Nakamura, T. Yamashita, F. Abe, Residual Stress within Metallic Model Made by Selective Laser Melting Process, CIRP Annals. 53 (2004) 195–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60677-5.
[45] A. Mostafa, I. Picazo Rubio, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Structure, texture and phases in 3D printed IN718 alloy subjected to homogenization and HIP treatments, Metals. 7 (2017) 196.
[46] E. Chlebus, K. Gruber, B. Kuźnicka, J. Kurzac, T. Kurzynowski, Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 processed by selective laser melting, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 639 (2015) 647–655.
[47] X. Wang, X. Gong, K. Chou, Review on powder-bed laser additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 parts, Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 231 (2017) 1890–1903.
[48] C. Li, Z. Liu, X. Fang, Y. Guo, Residual stress in metal additive manufacturing, Procedia CIRP. 71 (2018) 348–353.
[49] B.E. Carroll, T.A. Palmer, A.M. Beese, Anisotropic tensile behavior of Ti–6Al–4V components fabricated with directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, Acta Materialia. 87 (2015) 309–320.
[50] R. Seede, A. Mostafa, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Microstructural and microhardness evolution from homogenization and hot isostatic pressing on selective laser melted Inconel 718: structure, texture, and phases, Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2 (2018) 30.
[51] I. Picazo Rubio, Selective laser melting of Inconel 718: Microstructure and mechanical properties, Thesis for Master of Science Degree, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, 2016.
[52] M. Ni, C. Chen, X. Wang, P. Wang, R. Li, X. Zhang, K. Zhou, Anisotropic tensile behavior of in situ precipitation strengthened Inconel 718 fabricated by additive manufacturing, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 701 (2017) 344–351.
[53] D. Deng, R.L. Peng, H. Brodin, J. Moverare, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 produced by selective laser melting: Sample orientation dependence and effects of post heat treatments, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 713 (2018) 294–306.
[54] F. Zhang, L.E. Levine, A.J. Allen, M.R. Stoudt, G. Lindwall, E.A. Lass, M.E. Williams, Y. Idell, C.E. Campbell, Effect of heat treatment on the microstructural evolution of a nickel-based superalloy additive-manufactured by laser powder bed fusion, Acta Materialia. 152 (2018) 200–214.
[55] T. DebRoy, H. Wei, J. Zuback, T. Mukherjee, J. Elmer, J. Milewski, A.M. Beese, A. Wilson-Heid, A. De, W. Zhang, Additive manufacturing of metallic components–process, structure and properties, Progress in Materials Science. 92 (2018) 112–224.
[56] B. Song, X. Zhao, S. Li, C. Han, Q. Wei, S. Wen, J. Liu, Y. Shi, Differences in microstructure and properties between selective laser melting and traditional manufacturing for fabrication of metal parts: A review, Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering. 10 (2015) 111–125.
[57] Q. Jia, D. Gu, Selective laser melting additive manufacturing of Inconel 718 superalloy parts: Densification, microstructure and properties, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 585 (2014) 713–721.
[58] J. Schneider, B. Lund, M. Fullen, Effect of heat treatment variations on the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 selective laser melted specimens, Additive Manufacturing. 21 (2018) 248–254.
[59] V. Petkov, Alloy 718 manufactured by AM Selective Laser Melting, Materials Engineering, master’s level, Luleå University of Technology, 2018.
[60] A. Maamoun, Selective laser melting and post-processing for lightweight metallic optical components, Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy Degree, McMaster University, 2019. https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/handle/11375/24032 (accessed April 15, 2020).
[61] S. Moorthy, Modeling and characterization of mechanical properties in laser powder bed fusion additive manufactured Inconel 718, Thesis for Master of Science Degree (Mechanical Engineering), Colorado School of Mines, 2018.
[62] Y. Gao, D. Zhang, M. Cao, R. Chen, Z. Feng, Effect of δ phase on high temperature mechanical performances of Inconel 718 fabricated with SLM process, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 767 (2019) 138327.
[63] J.-R. Zhao, F.-Y. Hung, T.-S. Lui, Microstructure and tensile fracture behavior of three-stage heat treated Inconel 718 alloy produced via laser powder bed fusion process, Journal of Materials Research and Technology. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.01.030.
[64] E. Yasa, Manufacturing by combining selective laser melting and selective laser erosion/laser re-melting, CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology. 60 (2011) 263–266.
[65] S.A.E. Aerospace, Aerospace Material Specification: AMS 5662, in: SAE International, 2009.
[66] S.A.E. Aerospace, Aerospace Material Specification: AMS 5383, in: SAE International, 2012.
[67] L. Zhou, A. Mehta, B. McWilliams, K. Cho, Y. Sohn, Microstructure, precipitates and mechanical properties of powder bed fused Inconel 718 before and after heat treatment, Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 35 (2019) 1153–1164.
[68] K. Amato, S. Gaytan, L. Murr, E. Martinez, P. Shindo, J. Hernandez, S. Collins, F. Medina, Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting, Acta Materialia. 60 (2012) 2229–2239.
[69] M. Calandri, S. Yin, B. Aldwell, F. Calignano, R. Lupoi, D. Ugues, Texture and microstructural features at different length scales in Inconel 718 produced by selective laser melting, Materials. 12 (2019) 1293.
[70] B. Vrancken, L. Thijs, J.-P. Kruth, J. Van Humbeeck, Heat treatment of Ti6Al4V produced by selective laser melting: microstructure and mechanical properties, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 541 (2012) 177–185.
[71] A. Riemer, S. Leuders, M. Thöne, H. Richard, T. Tröster, T. Niendorf, On the fatigue crack growth behavior in 316L stainless steel manufactured by selective laser melting, Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 120 (2014) 15–25.
[72] A. Kreitcberg, V. Brailovski, S. Turenne, Effect of heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 alloy processed by laser powder bed fusion, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 689 (2017) 1–10.
[73] M. Saadati, A.K. Edalat Nobarzad, M. Jahazi, On the hot cracking of HSLA steel welds: Role of epitaxial growth and HAZ grain size, Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 41 (2019) 242–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.03.032.
[74] R. Singh, J. Hyzak, T. Howson, R. Biederman, Recrystallization behavior of cold rolled alloy 718, Superalloys. 718 (1991) 205–215.
[75] W.M. Tucho, V. Hansen, Characterization of SLM-fabricated Inconel 718 after solid solution and precipitation hardening heat treatments, Journal of Materials Science. 54 (2019) 823–839.
[76] R. Jiang, A. Mostafaei, J. Pauza, C. Kantzos, A.D. Rollett, Varied heat treatments and properties of laser powder bed printed Inconel 718, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 755 (2019) 170–180.
[77] Atomic Radius for all the elements in the Periodic Table, WOLFRAM MATHEMATICA. (2014). https://periodictable.com/Properties/A/AtomicRadius.v.html.
[78] Y. Cao, P. Bai, F. Liu, X. Hou, Y. Guo, Effect of the solution temperature on the precipitates and grain evolution of IN718 fabricated by laser additive manufacturing, Materials. 13 (2020) 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020340.
[79] H. Qi, M. Azer, A. Ritter, Studies of standard heat treatment effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser net shape manufactured Inconel 718, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 40 (2009) 2410–2422.
[80] X. Zhao, J. Chen, X. Lin, W. Huang, Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel 718, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 478 (2008) 119–124.
[81] F. Liu, X. Lin, G. Yang, M. Song, J. Chen, W. Huang, Recrystallization and its influence on microstructures and mechanical properties of laser solid formed nickel base superalloy Inconel 718, Rare Metals. 30 (2011) 433–438.
[82] P. Blackwell, The mechanical and microstructural characteristics of laser-deposited IN718, Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 170 (2005) 240–246.
[83] S. Raghavan, B. Zhang, P. Wang, C.-N. Sun, M.L.S. Nai, T. Li, J. Wei, Effect of different heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties in selective laser melted Inconel 718 alloy, Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 32 (2017) 1588–1595.
[84] V. Popovich, E. Borisov, A. Popovich, V.S. Sufiiarov, D. Masaylo, L. Alzina, Functionally graded Inconel 718 processed by additive manufacturing: Crystallographic texture, anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties, Materials & Design. 114 (2017) 441–449.
[85] Y.-L. Kuo, S. Horikawa, K. Kakehi, The effect of interdendritic δ phase on the mechanical properties of Alloy 718 built up by additive manufacturing, Materials & Design. 116 (2017) 411–418.
[86] D. Ivanov, A. Travyanov, P. Petrovskiy, V. Cheverikin, Е. Alekseeva, A. Khvan, I. Logachev, Evolution of structure and properties of the nickel-based alloy EP718 after the SLM growth and after different types of heat and mechanical treatment, Additive Manufacturing. 18 (2017) 269–275.
[87] V. Popovich, E. Borisov, A. Popovich, V.S. Sufiiarov, D. Masaylo, L. Alzina, Impact of heat treatment on mechanical behaviour of Inconel 718 processed with tailored microstructure by selective laser melting, Materials & Design. 131 (2017) 12–22.
[88] A. Kreitcberg, V. Brailovski, S. Turenne, Elevated temperature mechanical behavior of IN625 alloy processed by laser powder-bed fusion, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 700 (2017) 540–553.
[89] E. Fayed, D. Shahriari, M. Saadati, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Influence of homogenization and solution treatments time on the microstructure and hardness of Inconel 718 fabricated by laser powder bed fusion process, Materials. 13 (2020).
[90] A. Hilaire, E. Andrieu, X. Wu, High-temperature mechanical properties of alloy 718 produced by laser powder bed fusion with different processing parameters, Additive Manufacturing. 26 (2019) 147–160.
[91] G.E. Bean, T.D. McLouth, D.B. Witkin, S.D. Sitzman, P.M. Adams, R.J. Zaldivar, Build orientation effects on texture and mechanical properties of selective laser melting Inconel 718, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28 (2019) 1942–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-03980-w.
[92] X. Li, J.J. Shi, G.H. Cao, A.M. Russell, Z.J. Zhou, C.P. Li, G.F. Chen, Improved plasticity of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by selective laser melting through a novel heat treatment process, Materials & Design. 180 (2019) 107915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107915.
[93] H. Yuan, W.C. Liu, Effect of the δ phase on the hot deformation behavior of Inconel 718, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 408 (2005) 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.126.
[94] Y.C. Lin, J. Deng, Y.-Q. Jiang, D.-X. Wen, G. Liu, Hot tensile deformation behaviors and fracture characteristics of a typical Ni-based superalloy, Materials & Design. 55 (2014) 949–957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.071.
[95] A. Mostafa, D. Shahriari, I.P. Rubio, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Hot compression behavior and microstructure of selectively laser-melted IN718 alloy, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 96 (2018) 371–385.
[96] Y. Wang, L. Zhen, W.Z. Shao, L. Yang, X.M. Zhang, Hot working characteristics and dynamic recrystallization of delta-processed superalloy 718, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 474 (2009) 341–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.06.079.
[97] S.-H. Zhang, H.-Y. Zhang, M. Cheng, Tensile deformation and fracture characteristics of delta-processed Inconel 718 alloy at elevated temperature, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 528 (2011) 6253–6258.
[98] G. Varela-Castro, J.-M. Cabrera, J.-M. Prado, Critical strain for dynamic recrystallisation. The particular case of steels, Metals. 10 (2020) 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010135.
[99] GE Reports Staff, 5 Ways GE is Changing the World with 3D Printing, (2017). https://www.ge.com/news/reports/5-ways-ge-changing-world-3d-printing.
[100] D.A. Lesyk, S. Martinez, B.N. Mordyuk, V.V. Dzhemelinskyi, А. Lamikiz, G.I. Prokopenko, Post-processing of the Inconel 718 alloy parts fabricated by selective laser melting: Effects of mechanical surface treatments on surface topography, porosity, hardness and residual stress, Surface and Coatings Technology. 381 (2020) 125136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125136.
[101] D. Newell, Solution anneal heat treatments to enhance mechanical performance of additively manufactured Inconel 718, Thesis for Doctor of Philosophy Degree, Air Force Institute of Technology, 2020. https://scholar.afit.edu/etd/3210.
[102] W. Huang, J. Yang, H. Yang, G. Jing, Z. Wang, X. Zeng, Heat treatment of Inconel 718 produced by selective laser melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 750 (2019) 98–107.
[103] R. Shi, S.A. Khairallah, T.T. Roehling, T.W. Heo, J.T. McKeown, M.J. Matthews, Microstructural control in metal laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing using laser beam shaping strategy, Acta Materialia. 184 (2020) 284–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.11.053.
[104] N. Raghavan, S. Simunovic, R. Dehoff, A. Plotkowski, J. Turner, M. Kirka, S. Babu, Localized melt-scan strategy for site specific control of grain size and primary dendrite arm spacing in electron beam additive manufacturing, Acta Materialia. 140 (2017) 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.08.038.
[105] T.T. Roehling, S.S.Q. Wu, S.A. Khairallah, J.D. Roehling, S.S. Soezeri, M.F. Crumb, M.J. Matthews, Modulating laser intensity profile ellipticity for microstructural control during metal additive manufacturing, Acta Materialia. 128 (2017) 197–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.02.025.
[106] T. Vilaro, C. Colin, J.D. Bartout, L. Nazé, M. Sennour, Microstructural and mechanical approaches of the selective laser melting process applied to a nickel-base superalloy, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 534 (2012) 446–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2011.11.092.
[107] Y.-L. Kuo, S. Horikawa, K. Kakehi, Effects of build direction and heat treatment on creep properties of Ni-base superalloy built up by additive manufacturing, Scripta Materialia. 129 (2017) 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.10.035.
[108] B. Diepold, N. Vorlaufer, S. Neumeier, T. Gartner, M. Göken, Optimization of the heat treatment of additively manufactured Ni-base superalloy IN718, International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 27 (2020) 640–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1991-6.
[109] C.S. Pande, B.B. Rath, M.A. Imam, Effect of annealing twins on Hall–Petch relation in polycrystalline materials, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 367 (2004) 171–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.100.
[110] Y. Yuan, Y. Gu, C. Cui, T. Osada, T. Yokokawa, H. Harada, A Novel Strategy for the Design of Advanced Engineering Alloys—Strengthening Turbine Disk Superalloys via Twinning Structures, Advanced Engineering Materials. 13 (2011) 296–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201000232.
[111] E. Fayed, D. Shahriari, M. Saadati, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Effect of Homogenization and Solution Treatments Time on the Elevated-Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Inconel 718 Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion, Manuscript Submitted for Publication. (2020).
[112] Design Expert software, Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, 2019.
[113] B. Beausir, J.-J. Fundenberger, Analysis tools for electron and X-ray diffraction, Université de Lorraine, Metz, 2017. www.atex-software.eu.
[114] Quantax Esprit software, Bruker Nano GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 2015.
[115] H. Zhang, D. Gu, C. Ma, M. Guo, J. Yang, R. Wang, Effect of post heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-based composites by selective laser melting, Materials Science and Engineering: A. (2019) 138294.
[116] D. Connétable, B. Ter-Ovanessian, É. Andrieu, Diffusion and segregation of niobium in fcc-nickel, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. 24 (2012) 095010. https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/9/095010.
[117] L. Johnson, M. Mahmoudi, B. Zhang, R. Seede, X. Huang, J.T. Maier, H.J. Maier, I. Karaman, A. Elwany, R. Arróyave, Assessing printability maps in additive manufacturing of metal alloys, Acta Materialia. 176 (2019) 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.07.005.
[118] Dave VanAken, Engineering concepts: formation of annealing twins, Industrial Heating. (2000). https://www.industrialheating.com/articles/86154-engineering-concepts-formation-of-annealing-twins.
[119] T. Watanabe, An approach to grain boundary design for strong and ductile polycrystals, Res Mechanica. 11 (1984) 47–84.
[120] M. Jouiad, E.Marin, R. Devarapali, J. Cormier, F. Ravaux, C. Gall, J.-M. Franchet, Microstructure andmechanical properties evolutions of alloy 718 during isothermal and thermal cycling over-aging, Materials and Design. 102 (2016) 284–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.048.
[121] S.J. Hong, W.P. CHEN,, T.W. WANG, A diffraction study of the γ″ phase in Inconel 718 superalloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 32A (2001).
[122] X.S. Xie, J.X. Dong, M.C. Zhang, Research and Development of Inconel 718 Type Superalloy, Materials Science Forum. 539–543 (2007) 262–269. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.539-543.262.
[123] Y. Han, P. Deb, M.C. Chaturvedi, Coarsening behaviour of γ″- and γ′-particles in Inconel alloy 718, Metal Science. 16 (1982) 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1179/030634582790427118.
[124] A. Agnoli, C. Le Gall, J. Thebault, E. Marin, J. Cormier, Mechanical properties evolution of γ′/γ″ nickel-base superalloys during long-term thermal over-aging, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 49 (2018) 4290–4300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4778-x.
[125] A. Volek, R.F. Singer, R. Buergel, J. Grossmann, Y. Wang, Influence of topologically closed packed phase formation on creep rupture life of directionally solidified nickel-base superalloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 37 (2006) 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-0011-4.
[126] H. Monajati, A.K. Taheri, M. Jahazi, S. Yue, Deformation characteristics of isothermally forged UDIMET 720 nickel-base superalloy, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 36 (2005) 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-005-0284-z.
[127] M. Dehmas, J. Lacaze, A. Niang, B. Viguier, TEM Study of High-Temperature Precipitation of Delta Phase in Inconel 718 Alloy, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2011 (2011) e940634. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/940634.
[128] M. Balbaa, S. Mekhiel, M. Elbestawi, J. McIsaac, On selective laser melting of Inconel 718: Densification, surface roughness, and residual stresses, Materials & Design. 193 (2020) 108818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108818.
[129] X. Yu, X. Lin, F. Liu, L. Wang, Y. Tang, J. Li, S. Zhang, W. Huang, Influence of post-heat-treatment on the microstructure and fracture toughness properties of Inconel 718 fabricated with laser directed energy deposition additive manufacturing, Materials Science and Engineering: A. (2020) 140092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140092.
[130] E. Fayed, M. Saadati, D. Shahriari, V. Brailovski, M. Jahazi, M. Medraj, Optimization of the post-process heat treatment of additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy using laser powder bed fusion process, Manuscript Submitted for Publication. (2020).
[131] A.C. Karaoglanli, K. Ogawa, A. Türk, I. Ozdemir, Thermal shock and cycling behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used in gas turbines, in: Progress in Gas Turbine Performance, IntechOpen, 2013.
[132] D.-H. Jeong, M.-J. Choi, M. Goto, H.-C. Lee, S. Kim, Effect of service exposure on fatigue crack propagation of Inconel 718 turbine disc material at elevated temperatures, Materials Characterization. 95 (2014) 232–244.
[133] Z. Wang, K. Guan, M. Gao, X. Li, X. Chen, X. Zeng, The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited-IN718 by selective laser melting, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 513 (2012) 518–523.
[134] J.F. Radavich, The physical metallurgy of cast and wrought alloy 718, in: Superalloys 718 Metallurgy and Applications (1989), TMS, 2004: pp. 229–240. https://doi.org/10.7449/1989/Superalloys_1989_229_240.
[135] Y. Idell, L.E. Levine, A.J. Allen, F. Zhang, C.E. Campbell, G.B. Olson, J. Gong, D.R. Snyder, H.Z. Deutchman, Unexpected δ-phase formation in additive-manufactured Ni-based superalloy, JOM. 68 (2016) 950–959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1772-2.
[136] C. Slama, C. Servant, G. Cizeron, Aging of the Inconel 718 alloy between 500 and 750 °C, Journal of Materials Research. 12 (1997) 2298–2316. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1997.0306.
[137] L.M. Suave, J. Cormier, P. Villechaise, A. Soula, Z. Hervier, D. Bertheau, J. Laigo, Microstructural evolutions during thermal aging of alloy 625: Impact of temperature and forming process, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 45 (2014) 2963–2982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2256-7.
[138] Z.S. Yu, J.X. Zhang, Y. Yuan, R.C. Zhou, H.J. Zhang, H.Z. Wang, Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 718 after thermal exposure, Materials Science and Engineering: A. 634 (2015) 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.004.
[139] R. Thompson, J. Dobbs, D. Mayo, The effect of heat treatment on microfissuring in alloy 718, Weld.J. 65 (1986) 299.
[140] M. Sundararaman, P. Mukhopadhyay, S. Banerjee, Precipitation of the δ-Ni3Nb phase in two nickel base superalloys, Metallurgical Transactions A. 19 (1988) 453–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649259.
[141] R. Cozar, A. Pineau, Morphology of γ’ and γ" precipitates and thermal stability of Inconel 718 type alloys, Metallurgical Transactions. 4 (1973) 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649604.
[142] C. Slama, M. Abdellaoui, Structural characterization of the aged Inconel 718, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 306 (2000) 277–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(00)00789-1.
[143] A. Chamanfar, L. Sarrat, M. Jahazi, M. Asadi, A. Weck, A.K. Koul, Microstructural characteristics of forged and heat treated Inconel-718 disks, Materials & Design (1980-2015). 52 (2013) 791–800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.06.004.
[144] OriginPro, OriginLab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA, 2019.
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics