Abstract

In this dissertation, I examine how community-based service providers support criminalized women navigating motherhood, substance use and identity change. To date, researchers have focused on the experiences of incarcerated people, with lesser attention paid to post-release realities. A dearth of research focuses on community-based organizations and the service providers that work within them to support criminalized people.

Community service provision involves navigating the emotional dimensions of providers' work while supporting clients through emotionally charged experiences. Emotions are culturally and socially shaped experiences and are entangled in the precarity, structural and systemic conditions experienced by criminalized people. Service providers support their clients and witness emotions experienced by their clientele as they navigate child protection systems, substance use recovery and identity change processes. Simultaneously, service providers engage in emotion management while encountering the intimate details of their clients' lives and advocating for them against the realities and gaps of criminal legal, child protection, and welfare systems.

In this interstitial space of service provision, I ask how service providers engage in this emotion management strategies to support criminalized women. I examine the role of service providers in the context of structural and systemic gaps experienced by their clients. Through interviews with 23 community-based service providers working with criminalized women in Atlantic Canada and reflexive journaling, I argue that service providers engage in the emotional terrain of supporting their clients. I mobilize the concept of emotional-ethical dilemmas, which I argue form the backdrop of service providers’ work and highlight the constraints in their capacity related to organizational mandates, limited funding, and compassion fatigue.

Key findings underline the importance of trauma-informed and harm reduction practices and services as supports for criminalized women and to ease the emotional-ethical dilemmas experienced by service providers. The findings draw attention to the persistent complex unmet needs of criminalized women in Atlantic Canada, such as housing and poverty. I argue that community service providers largely fill gaps in how the state fails to attend to these needs. These unmet needs highlight how we respond to and support community-based service provision working to support criminalized women in the context of systemic and structural gaps, not individual failures.