Hamouda, Laila (2023) An Art Therapy Intervention for Displaced Arab Families: Creating New Narratives and Pathways to Communication. [Graduate Projects (Non-thesis)] (Unpublished)
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
922kBHamouda_MA_F2023.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
The global migration crisis calls for more support for refugee and asylum-seeking families. Families escaping their countries due to war, climate, or economic crisis are likely to have been exposed to traumatic events prior to, during, and after their displacement. These relocations can have multiple consequences on individuals and their family system. This research paper examines the effects of displacement on families. The primary research question of this study asks: How can a family art therapy intervention program be developed to support displaced Arab families in North America during their resettlement process? Subsidiary research questions ask: (1) How might family art therapy interventions support resettlement for displaced Arab families? and (2) What are some culturally sensitive approaches to arts-based intervention with displaced Arab families, and how might they support family communication and foster well-being? The research questions are explored using the first two steps of Fraser and Galinsky’s (2010) intervention research methodology. The literature is examined and analyzed using a systematic research synthesis and narrative synthesis. The results informed the creation of a 12-week family art therapy intervention program for displaced Arab families. The goals of the program are to enhance the family’s ability to use coping skills, improve communication, and support the development of their narrative. I conclude that the program could support displaced families in enhancing their sense of connection and belonging during their resettlement. This first proposal must be piloted to confirm and improve the findings.
Divisions: | Concordia University > Faculty of Fine Arts > Creative Arts Therapies |
---|---|
Item Type: | Graduate Projects (Non-thesis) |
Authors: | Hamouda, Laila |
Institution: | Concordia University |
Degree Name: | M.A. |
Program: | Creative Arts Therapies (Art Therapy Option) |
Date: | August 2023 |
Keywords: | family, displacement, resettlement, art therapy, intervention, communication, narrative, trauma |
ID Code: | 992703 |
Deposited By: | Laila Hamouda |
Deposited On: | 31 Aug 2023 18:55 |
Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2023 18:55 |
References:
Akthar, Z. & Lovell, A. (2019). Art therapy with refugee children: A qualitative study exploredthrough the lens of art therapists and their experiences: International Journal of Art
Therapy, 24(3), 139-148.
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fifth edition text revision DSM-5-TR (5th-TR ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
Anderson, H. (2016). Postmodern/poststructural/social construction therapies: Collaborative, narrative, and solution-focused. In T. L. Sexton & J. Lebow (Eds.), Handbook of family therapy (pp. 182–204). essay, Routledge.
Annous, N., Al-Hroub, A., & El Zein, F. (2022). A systematic review of empirical evidence on art therapy with traumatized refugee children and youth. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 811515. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.811515
Betancourt, T., Meyers-Ohki, S., Charrow, A., & Tol, W. (2013). Interventions for children affected by war: An ecological perspective on psychosocial support and mental health care. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 21(2), 70–91. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0b013e318283bf8f
Betts, D. J., & Deaver, S. P. (2019). Ethics and oversight in art therapy research. In Art therapy research: A practical guide (pp. 18–40). Routledge.
Björn, G. J., Bodén, C., Sydsjö, G., & Gustafsson, P. A. (2013a). Brief family therapy for refugee children. The Family Journal: Couselling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 21(3), 272–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480713476830
Björn, G. J., Gustafsson, P. A., Sydsjö, G., & Berterö, C. (2013b). Family therapy sessions with refugee families: A qualitative study. Conflict and Health, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1505-7-7
Blackmore, R., Boyle, J. A., Fazel, M., Ranasinha, S., Gray, K. M., Fitzgerald, G., Misso, M., & Gibson-Helm, M. (2020). The prevalence of mental illness in refugees and asylum seekers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Plos Medicine, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003337
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2007). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (John Wiley & Sons, pp. 793–828).
Burns, R. C., & Kaufman, S. H. (1970). Kinetic family drawings (K-F-D): An introduction to understanding children through kinetic drawings. Brunner/Mazel.
Burruss, N. C., Shaltout, Y., Hamilton, C. T., Oberti, D., Linton, J. M., & Brown, C. L. (2021). Arts-based therapy: A pilot program for immigrant and refugee children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 16(3), 253–258. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2021.1966707
Canadian Council for Refugees. (2022). Talking about refugees and immigrants: A glossary of terms. Canadian Council for Refugees. Retrieved October 08, 2022, from https://ccrweb.ca/sites/ccrweb.ca/files/static-files/glossary.PDF.
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. (2023). Trauma. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/trauma
Chang, E., Simon, M., & Dong, X. (2012). Integrating cultural humility into health care professional education and training. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 17, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-010-9264-1
Coutts, A., Stuckler, D., Batniji, R., Ismail, S., Maziak, W., & McKee, M. (2013). The Arab Spring and Health: Two Years on. International Journal of Health Services, 43(1), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.2190/HS.43.1.d
Dalgaard, N. T., & Montgomery, E. (2015). Disclosure and silencing: A systematic review of the literature on patterns of trauma communication in refugee families. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(5), 579–593. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461514568442
De Haene, L., Rousseau, C., Kevers, R., Deruddere, N., & Rober, P. (2018). Stories of trauma in family therapy with refugees: Supporting safe relational spaces of narration and silence. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 23(2), 258–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518756717
Dieterich-Hartwell, R., & Koch, S. C. (2017). Creatives arts therapies as a temporary home for refugees: Insights from literature and practice. Behavioral Sciences, 7(69), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs7040069
Echterling, L. G., & Stewart, A. L. (2014). Creative crisis intervention techniques with children and families. In C. A. Malchiodi (Ed.), Creative interventions with traumatized children (pp. 213–234). Guilford Publications.
Ellis, B. H., Kia-Keating, M., Yusuf, S. A., Lincoln, A., & Nur, A. (2007). Ethical research in refugee communities and the use of community participatory methods. Transcultural Psychiatry, 44(3), 459–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461507081642
Emanuel, E. J., Wendler, D., & Grady, C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical? Journal of the American Medical Association, 283(20), 2701–2711. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.20.2701
Erzar, K. K. (2017). The flowers of compassion: A trauma-informed artistic event involving three generations of Slovenians (Les Les fleurs de la compassion: Un événement artistique qui tient compte du traumatisme de trois générations de slovéniens et les implique). Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 30(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/08322473.2017.1303862
Feen-Calligan, H., Ruvolo Grasser, L., Debryn, J., Nasser, S., Jackson, C., Seguin, D., & Javanbakht, A. (2020). Art therapy with Syrian refugee youth in the United States: An intervention study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 69, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2020.101665
Fraser, M. W., & Galinsky, M. J. (2010). Steps in intervention research: Designing and developing social programs. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509358424
Gangamma, R., & Shipman, D. (2018). Transnational intersectionality in family therapy with resettled refugees. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 44(2), 206–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12267
Gaynor, T. (2020). Climate change is the defining crisis of our time and it particularly impacts the displaced. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/climate-change-defining-crisis-our-time-and-it-particularly-impacts-displaced
Graves-Alcorn, S., & Kagin, C. (2017). Implementing the expressive therapies continuum: A guide for clinical practice. Routledge.
Guregård, S., & Seikkula, J. (2014). Establishing therapeutic dialogue with refugee families. Contemporary Family Therapy, 36, 41–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-013-9263-5
Hanania, A. (2018). A proposal for culturally informed art therapy with Syrian refugee women: The potential for trauma expression through embroidery (Une proposition d’art-thérapie adaptée à la culture de femmes réfugiées syriennes: Le potentiel de la broderie pour l’expression du traumatisme). Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 31(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08322473.2017.1378516
Harjanto, L., & Batalova, J. (2022, January 12). Middle Eastern and North African immigrants in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/middle-eastern-and-north-african-immigrants-united-states
Heine, S. J. (2020). Cultural psychology. W.W. Norton & Company.
Herman, J. L. (2022). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence—From domestic abuse to political terror. Basic Books.
Hinz, L. D. (2020). Expressive therapies continuum: A framework for using art in therapy (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Hugman, R., Pittaway, E., & Bartolomei, L. (2011). When “do no harm” is not enough: The ethics of research with refugees and other vulnerable groups. British Journal of Social Work, 41(21), 1271–1287. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcr013
Im, H., Rodriguez, C., & Grumbine, J. M. (2021). A multitier model of refugee mental health and psychosocial support in resettlement: Toward trauma-informed and culture-informed systems. Psychological Services, 18(3), 345–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000412
Johnson, D. R. (1986). The developmental method in drama therapy: Group treatment with the elderly. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 13(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-4556(86)90005-5
Kahane-Nissenbaum, M. (2011). Exploring intergenerational transmission of trauma in third generation of Holocaust survivors [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania]. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations_sp2/16
Kalaf, L., & Plante, P. (2020). Restoring lost resources for young refugees: An integrative review of the resilience-building potential of expressive therapies (Restitution des ressources perdues pour les jeunes réfugiés : examen par intégration du potentiel de développement de la résilience des thérapies d’expression). Canadian Journal of Art Therapy, 33(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08322473.2019.1684182
Kalmanowitz, D. (2016). Inhabited studio: Art therapy and mindfulness, resilience, adversity and refugees. International Journal of Art Therapy, 21(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/17454832.2016.1170053
Kalmanowitz, D., & Ho, R. T. H. (2016). Out of our mind. Art therapy and mindfulness with refugees, political violence and trauma. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 49, 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.012
Kapitan, L. (2015). Social action in practice: Shifting the ethnocentric lens in cross-cultural art therapy encounters. Art Therapy, 32(3), 104-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.1060403
Karageorge, A., Rhodes, P., & Gray, R. (2018). Relationship and family therapy for newly resettled refugees: An interpretive description of staff experiences. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 39, 303–319. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1325
Kellogg, A., & Volker, C. A. (1993). Family art therapy with political refugees. In D. Linesch (Ed.), Art therapy with families in crisis: Overcoming resistance through nonverbal expression (pp. 128–152). essay, Brunner/Mazel.
Khatib, I., & Potash, J. S. (2021). Visual journaling using art therapy with refugees. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 74, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101805
Kim, S.-Y., Lee, J. S., & Choi, H. (2023). The effects of art therapy on anxiety and distress for Korean–Ukrainian refugee: Quasi-experimental design study. Healthcare, 11, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040466
Kowitt, S. D., Emmerling, D., Gavarkavich, D., Mershon, C.-H., Linton, K., Rubesin, H., Agnew-Brune, C., & Eng, E. (2016). A pilot evaluation of an art therapy program for refugee youth from Burma. Art Therapy, 33(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.1127739
Kronick, R., Jarvis, G. E., & Kirmayer, L. J. (2021). Refugee mental health and human rights: A challenge for global mental health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 58(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615211002690
Kronick, R., Rousseau, C., & Cleveland, J. (2018). Refugee children’s sandplay narratives in immigration detention in Canada. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(4), 423–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1012-0
Laing, R. D. (1965). The divided self: An existential study in sanity and madness. Penguin Books.
Landgarten, H. (1991). Termination: Theory and Practice. In H. Landgarten & D. Lubbers (Eds.), Adult art psychotherapy: Issues and applications (pp. 174–199). Brunner/Mazel.
Lau, L. S., & Rodgers, G. (2021). Cultural competence in refugee service settings: A scoping review. Health Equity, 5(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0094
Levine, P. A. (2010). In an unspoken voice: How the body releases trauma. North Atlantic Books.
Lim, S.-L., & Ogawa, Y. (2014). “Once I had kids, now I am raising kids”: Child-parent relationship therapy (CPRT) with a Sudanese refugee family—A case study. International Journal of Play Therapy, 23(2), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036362
Linesch, D., Aceves, H. C., Quezada, P., Trochez, M., & Zuniga, E. (2012). An art therapy exploration of immigration with Latino families. Art Therapy, 29(3), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2012.701603
Lousa, T. V., & Hughet, M. (2022). Case study first aid in art therapy and its liberating role in Bosnia and Herzegovina temporary reception centers for migrants and refugees. Arte, Individuo y Sociedad, 34(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.5209/aris.75542
Lusebrink, V. B. (2010). Assessment and therapeutic application of the expressive therapies continuum: Implications for brain structures and functions. Art Therapy, 27(4), 168–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2010.10129380
MacEoin, G. (1985). Sanctuary: A resource guide for understanding and participating in the Central American refugee struggle. Harper & Row.
Madigan, S. (1998). Narrative family therapy [Film]. Psychotherapy.net https://www-psychotherapy-net.lib-ezproxy.concordia.ca/stream/concordia-ca/video?vid=177
Malchiodi, C. A. (2014). Ethics, evidence, trauma informed practice, and cultural sensitivity. In Creative interventions with traumatized children (2nd ed., pp. 24–42). Guilford Publications.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2015). Bilateral drawing: Self-regulation for trauma reparation. Psychology Today. https://.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/arts-and-health/201509/bilateral- drawing-self-regulation-trauma-reparation
Malchiodi, C. A. (2020). Trauma and expressive arts therapy: Brain, body, and imagination in the healing process. The Guilford Press.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2023, April 29). Trauma and expressive arts therapy: Restorative embodiment through imagery, movement, sound, enactment, and storytelling [Conference training]. Creative Arts Therapies Conference, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
McBride, N. (2016). Intervention research: A practical guide for developing evidence-based school prevention programmes. Springer.
McDermott, O., Crellin, N., Ridder, H. M., & Orrell, M. (2013). Music therapy in dementia: A narrative synthesis systematic review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 781–794. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.3895
Miller, K. M., Brown, C. R., Shramko, M., & Svetaz, M. V. (2019). Applying trauma-informed practices to the care of refugee and immigrant youth: 10 clinical pearls. Children, 6(8), 1–11. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/children6080094
Mitchell, C., Linds, W., Denov, M., D’Amico, M., & Cleary, B. (2019). Beginning at the beginning in social work education: A case for incorporating arts-based approaches to working with war-affected children and their families. Journal of Family Social Work, 22(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10522158.2019.1546949
Moosa, A., Koorankot, J., & K., N. (2017). Solution focused art therapy among refugee children. Indian Journal of Health and Well-Being, 8(8), 811–816.
Nicolson, M. (2023). Racial microaggressions and ontological security: Exploring the narratives of young adult migrants in Glasgow, UK. Social Inclusion, 11(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i2.6266
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Frels, R. (2016). 7 steps to a comprehensive literature review: A multimodal & cultural approach. Sage.
Paterson, A. D., & Hakim-Larson, J. (2012). Arab youth in Canada: Acculturation, enculturation, social support, and life satisfaction. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 40(4), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2012.00018.x
Pejic, V., Hess, R. S., Miller, G. E., & Wille, A. (2016). Family first: Community-based supports for refugees. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(4), 409–414. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000189
Pettyjohn, M. E., Tseng, C.-F., & Blow, A. J. (2021). Therapeutic utility of discussing therapist/client intersectionality in treatment: When and how? Family Process, 59(2), 313–327. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1111/famp.12471
Plante, P., & Bernèche, R. (2008). A phenomenological study addressing the reinforcement of emotional ties between parent and child through the elaboration and evaluation of dyadic art therapy groups. Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 21(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/08322473.2008.11432297
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., & Britten, N. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A product from the ESRC methods programme [Lancaster University]. https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/fhm/dhr/chir/NSsynthesisguidanceVersion1-April2006.pdf
Proulx, L. (2003). Strengthening emotional ties through parent-child-dyad art therapy: Interventions with infants and preschoolers. Jessica Kingsley.
Proulx, L. (2017). Attachment informed art therapy: Strengthening emotional ties throughout the lifetime. (J. Stewart, Ed.). Tellwell Talent.
Quassoli, F., Muchetti, M., & Colombo, M. (2023). “I’m told I don’t look like a foreigner”: Everyday racism in contemporary Italy. Social Inclusion, 11(2), 27–36. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i2.6451
Quinlan, R., Schweitzer, R. D., Khawaja, N., & Griffin, J. (2016). Evaluation of a school-based creative arts therapy program for adolescents from refugee backgrounds. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 47, 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2015.09.006
Riley, S., & Malchiodi, C. A. (2011). Solution-focused and narrative approaches. In C. A. Malchiodi (Ed.), Handbook of art therapy (2nd ed., pp. 103–113). essay, Guilford Publications.
Rothman, J., Damron-Rodriguez, J. A., Shenassa, E., & Thomas, E. J. (1994). Systematic research synthesis: Conceptual integration methods of meta-analysis. In J. Rothman (Ed.), Intervention research: Design and development for human service (pp. 133–160). essay, The Haworth Press.
Rothman, J., & Thomas, E. J. (1994). Intervention research: Design and development for human service. Haworth Press.
Rothschild, B. (2000). The body remembers: The psychophysiology of trauma and trauma treatment. W.W. Norton & Company.
Rousseau, C., & Heusch, N. (2000). The trip: A creative expression project for refugee and immigrant children. Art Therapy, 17(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2000.10129434
Rousseau, C., Lacroix, L., Bagilishya, D., & Heusch, N. (2003). Working with myths: Creative expression workshops for immigrant and refugee children in a school setting. Art Therapy, 20(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2003.10129630
Rowe, C., Watson-Ormond, R., English, L., Rubesin, H., Marshall, A., Linton, K., Amolegbe, A., Agnew-Brune, C., & Eng, E. (2017). Evaluating art therapy to heal the effects of trauma among refugee youth: The Burma art therapy program evaluation. Health Promotion Practice, 18(1), 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839915626413
Salom, A. (2015). Weaving potential space and acculturation: Art therapy at the museum. Journal of Applied Arts & Health, 6(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1386/jaah.6.1.47_1
Schouler-Ocak, M., & Kastrup, M. C. (2018). Mental health in refugees and asylum seekers. Mental Health and Illness in Migration, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0750-7_8-1
Schwartzberg, T. G., Huss, E. P., & Slonim-Nevo, V. (2021). Exploring the concept of social art through a single session art activity with asylum seekers. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 72, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2020.101729
Shore, A. (2013). Engaging, assessing, and learning form chiildren. In The practitioner’s guide to child art therapy: Fostering creativity and relational growth (pp. 103–118). Routledge.
Siegel, D. J. (2012). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. Guilford Press.
Slobodin, O., & de Jong, J. T. (2015). Family interventions in traumatized immigrants and refugees: A systematic review. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(6), 723–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461515588855
Sprunk, T. P. (2022). Boat-storm-lighthouse assessment. In L. Lowenstein (Ed.), Favorite therapeutic activities for children, adolescents, and families: Practitioners share their most effective interventions (pp. 9–10). Champion Press.
Sue, D. W. (2003). Overcoming our racism: The journey to liberation. Jossey-Bass.
Sue, D. W. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation. John Wiley & Sons.
Sue, D. W., Sue, D., Neville, H. A., & Smith, L. (2019). Counselling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Wiley & Sons.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 17.
Tuey, C., & Bastien, N. (2023, June 20). Non-permanent residents in Canada: Portrait of a growing population from the 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/75-006-x/2023001/article/00006-eng.htm
Ugurlu, N., Akca, L., & Acarturk, C. (2016). An art therapy intervention for symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety among Syrian refugee children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 11(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450128.2016.1181288
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2022). Figures at a glance. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved October 08, 2022, from https://www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. (2023). What is resettlement. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https://www.unhcr.org/handbooks/ih/getting-started/what-resettlement
van der Kolk, B. (2003). The neurobiology of childhood trauma and abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12(2), 293–317.
van der Kolk, B. (2015). The body keeps the Score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma. Penguin Books.
van Ee, E. (2018). Multi-family therapy for veteran and refugee families: A Delphi study. Military Medical Research, 5(25), 2–6.
van Ecke, Y. (2005). Immigration from an attachment perspective. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(5), 467–476. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.5.467
van Es, C. M., Boelen, P. A., Zwaanswijk, M., Brake, H. te, & Mooren, T. (2021). Family Empowerment (FAME): A feasibility trial of preventive multifamily groups for asylum seeker families in the Netherlands. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47, 864–881. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12539
Weine, S., Muzurovic, N., Kulauzovic, Y., Besic, S., Lezic, A., Mujagic, A., Muzurovic, J., Spahovic, D., Feetham, S., Ware, N., Knafl, K., & Pavkovic, I. (2004). Family consequences of refugee trauma. Family Process, 43(2), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2004.04302002.x
Wheeldon, J., & Faubert, J. (2009). Framing experience: Concept maps, mind maps, and data collection in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 8(3), 68–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690900800307
White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. W. W. Norton & Company.
Winnicott, D. W. (1971). Playing and reality. Routledge.
Yehuda, R., Lehrner, A., & Bierer, L. M. (2018). The public reception of putative epigenetic mechanisms in the transgenerational effects of trauma. Environmental Epigenetics, 4(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/eep/dvy018
Young, M. (2021, August 17). How box breathing can help you destress. Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/box-breathing-benefits/
Repository Staff Only: item control page