Abstract

This study presents the development and validation of an Arduino-based Internet of Things (IoT) sensor system for continuous and real-time indoor air quality monitoring. Various sensors are examined and integrated into the IoT system to collect data on crucial air pollutants, including carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The collected data is transmitted to an online server and stored in a MySQL database, facilitating efficient data analyses and visualization. Two different validation studies were conducted at Concordia University and Qatar University to assess the system's accuracy and reliability. The Concordia University case study highlights the system's accuracy in measuring CO2, PM2.5, NO2, and VOCs. Employing calibration and modification methods effectively reduces differences to less than 15% compared to well-established commercial monitoring instruments. The Qatar University case further reinforces consistent performance across various parameters and locations and has tested the remote access and management of the developed system. Comparing sensor readings with commercial instruments reveals strong positive correlations and minimal deviations, affirming the integrated device's efficacy in real-time air quality monitoring. Particularly, the developed Arduino-based IoT sensor system offers a user-friendly interface for real-time data visualization through online charts and tables. Additionally incorporating an indoor air quality index model into the developed IoT system allows users for real-time assessment of air cleanliness and to mitigate pollution. In summary, the developed Arduino-based air quality monitoring system presented herein underscores its potential as a cost-effective solution for sustainable environment.