Madani, Seyed Nima (2024) Business Owners’ Careers: Motives in the Longer Term. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
901kBMadani_MSc_S2025.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
This thesis looks at the motives that affect the careers of business owner-managers. Using McClelland's Need Theory and Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, this research examines how achievement, power, and affiliation shift over time and affect decisions about whether to continue working or retire.
The study used a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with twelve business owner-managers over fifty years old. These interviews provided valuable insights into how their motives have changed throughout their lives, the challenges they face regarding retirement, and the effects of their decisions on themselves and their businesses. The analysis explored six themes: Achievement, Power, Affiliation, Emotional Fulfillment, Perceived Change, and Retirement Plans. These themes help explain why business owner-managers stay involved in their work even past the traditional retirement age.
The findings show that early in their careers, many business owner-managers focus on financial success, innovation, and influence. As they age, their priorities shift toward sustaining their businesses, creating a legacy, and building relationships. By exploring these changes, this thesis helps deepen our understanding of how aging business owner-managers manage their careers and what keeps them engaged. These insights are essential for the business community as it considers the significant impact of aging business owner-managers on sustainability and the economy.
Divisions: | Concordia University > John Molson School of Business > Management |
---|---|
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
Authors: | Madani, Seyed Nima |
Institution: | Concordia University |
Degree Name: | M. Sc. |
Program: | Management |
Date: | 3 December 2024 |
Thesis Supervisor(s): | Dyer, Linda |
Keywords: | Motives Business Owners Retirement |
ID Code: | 994921 |
Deposited By: | Seyed Nima Madani |
Deposited On: | 17 Jun 2025 17:41 |
Last Modified: | 17 Jun 2025 17:41 |
References:
Ahmad, S. Z., & Muhammad Arif, A. M. (2016). Entrepreneurial characteristics, motives, and business challenges: exploratory study of small-and medium-sized hotel businesses. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 17(3), 286-315.Akhtar, S., Hongyuan, T., Iqbal, S., & Ankomah, F. Y. N. (2020). Impact of need for achievement on entrepreneurial intentions; mediating role of self-efficacy. Journal of Asian Business Strategy, 10(1), 114.
Bijaoui, I., & Tarba, S. Y. (2011). From necessity to business entrepreneurship: The case of the Songhai center, Porto Novo, Benin. 4th Annual EuroMed Conference of the EuroMed Academy of Business,
Block, J., & Koellinger, P. (2009). I can't get no satisfaction—Necessity entrepreneurship and procedural utility. Kyklos, 62(2), 191-209.
Bohlmann, C., Rauch, A., & Zacher, H. (2017). A Lifespan Perspective on Entrepreneurship: Perceived Opportunities and Skills Explain the Negative Association between Age and Entrepreneurial Activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02015
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H. H., & Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and emotion, 27, 103-123.
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American psychologist, 54(3), 165.
Chevalier, S. v., Fouquereau, E., Gillet, N., & Bosselut, G. g. (2018). Unraveling the Perceived Reasons Underlying Entrepreneurs' Retirement Decisions: A Person-Centered Perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(3), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12312
Constant, A. F., & Zimmermann, K. F. (2011). Circular and repeat migration: counts of exits and years away from the host country. Population Research and Policy Review, 30, 495-515.
Davis, P. S., & Harveston, P. D. (1999). In the founder's shadow: Conflict in the family firm. Family Business Review, 12(4), 311-323.
De Massis, A., & Foss, N. J. (2018). Advancing family business research: The promise of microfoundations. Family Business Review, 31(4), 386-396.
Finn, P. (2021). Organising for entrepreneurship: How individuals negotiate power relations to make themselves entrepreneurial. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 166, 120610.
Gagnè, M., Wrosch, C., & Brun de Pontet, S. (2011). Retiring from the family business: The role of goal adjustment capacities. Family Business Review, 24(4), 292-304.
Gates, B. (2020, 13/3/2020). https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/focusing-my-time-bill-gates
Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Wang, M. (2018). Age in the entrepreneurial process: The role of future time perspective and prior entrepreneurial experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(10), 1067.
Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006, 2006/02/01). How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
Harada, C. N., Love, M. C. N., & Triebel, K. L. (2013). Normal cognitive aging. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 29(4), 737-752.
Hermans, J., Slabbinck, H., Vanderstraeten, J., Brassey, J., Dejardin, M., Ramdani, D., & Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2017). The power paradox: Implicit and explicit power motives, and the importance attached to prosocial organizational goals in SMEs. Sustainability, 9(11), 2001.
Huovinen, J., & Koiranen, M. (2011). Achievement motivation among habitual entrepreneurs in urban and rural areas. Liiketaloudellinen Aikakauskirja(3).
Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J., & Kitching, J. (2013). Entrepreneur motivations and life course. International small business journal, 31(1), 34-56.
Koiranen, M. (2008). Family´ s Collective Motivation to Business Ownership: A Review of Alternative Theoretical Approaches. Electronic Journal of Family Business Studies.
Kooij, D. T., De Lange, A. H., Jansen, P. G., Kanfer, R., & Dikkers, J. S. (2011). Age and work‐related motives: Results of a meta‐analysis. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(2), 197-225.
Kooij, D. T. A. M., & Kanfer, R. (2019). Chapter 20 - Lifespan Perspectives on Work Motivation. In B. B. Baltes, C. W. Rudolph, & H. Zacher (Eds.), Work Across the Lifespan (pp. 475-493). Academic Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812756-8.00020-7
Lichtenberger, E. O., Broadbooks, D. Y., & Kaufman, A. S. (2000). Essentials of cognitive assessment with KAIT and other Kaufman measures (Vol. 18). John Wiley & Sons.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Erdogan, B. (2004). If not entrepreneurship, can psychological characteristics predict entrepreneurial orientation? A pilot study. The ICFAI Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 1(1), 21-33.
Lynn, R. (1969). An achievement motivation questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology, 60(4), 529-534.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). Achieving society (Vol. 92051). Simon and Schuster.
Ramdan, N. F., Ali, S. A. M., & Kadir, M. A. B. A. (2023). Using McClelland’s Theory of Need to Determine the Relationship between the Motivational Factor and Social Entrepreneurship Activity Among People with Disabilities. Information Management and Business Review, 15(4 (SI) I), 577-585.
Ramsay, J. E., Pang, J. S., Ho, M.-H. R., & Chan, K. Y. (2017). Need for power predicts career intent in university students. Journal of Career Assessment, 25(3), 389-404.
Rayawan, W., & Efrata, T. C. (2017). The effect locus of control and need for achievement towards entrepreneurial performance. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 36-49.
Sarwoko, E., & Frisdiantara, C. (2016). Growth determinants of small medium enterprises (SMEs). Universal Journal of Management, 4(1), 36-41.
Stefanovic, I., Prokic, S., & Rankovic, L. (2010). Motivational and success factors of entrepreneurs: the evidence from a developing country. Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu, 28(2), 251-269.
Van Gelderen, M., & Jansen, P. (2006). Autonomy as a start‐up motive. Journal of small business and enterprise development, 13(1), 23-32.
Vough, H. C., Bataille, C. D., Noh, S. C., & Lee, M. D. (2015). Going Off Script: How Managers Make Sense of the Ending of Their Careers. Journal of Management Studies, 52(3), 414-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12126
Weber, P., & Schaper, M. (2004). Understanding the grey entrepreneur. Journal of enterprising culture, 12(02), 147-164.
Winter, D. G. (1994). Manual for scoring motive imagery in running text:(Version 4.2). Winter.
Winter, D. G., Schultheiss, O., & Brunstein, J. (2010). 407Chapter 14 Political and Historical Consequences of Implicit Motives. In Implicit Motives (pp. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195335156.003.0014
Zacher, H., & Frese, M. (2011). Maintaining a focus on opportunities at work: The interplay between age, job complexity, and the use of selection, optimization, and compensation strategies. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(2), 291-318.
Repository Staff Only: item control page