Gomes, Julia (2024) A Decision-Making Framework for the Built Facilities’ End-of-Life from Sustainability and Circular Economy Viewpoints. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
3MBFerreiraGomes_MASc_F2024.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
The construction industry generates over a third of global waste, most of which is produced at the End-of-Life (EoL) stage of built facilities and disposed of in landfills. Existing decision-making models often focus on a limited range of EoL decisions and lack stakeholder diversity, leading to biased outcomes. This study develops an inclusive decision-making model for the EoL stage. It defines a framework of four EoL sub-phases, related decision problems, and alternatives based on a systematic literature review. A set of 25 criteria was compiled, validated through interviews with 25 stakeholders, and weighted using an Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) survey with 52 participants. The model was tested on a two-story, 59,360 SF resort facility in Ontario using data from reports, government sources, quantitative tools, and industry partners. Four scenarios were analyzed: Full Deconstruction, Partial Deconstruction, Full Demolition with landfill disposal, and Full Demolition with recycling. Full Deconstruction emerged as the optimal solution, outperforming Full Demolition with landfill disposal by ~40%. Regulations were identified as the most critical factor, followed by Environmental aspects, ranking higher than Economics—contrary to prior studies. These findings highlight the vital role of government regulations in driving sustainable practices. The resulting model provides robust guidance for decision-makers, addressing EoL complexities and promoting sustainability and circularity in the construction industry.
Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering |
---|---|
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
Authors: | Gomes, Julia |
Institution: | Concordia University |
Degree Name: | M.A. Sc. |
Program: | Building Engineering |
Date: | December 2024 |
Thesis Supervisor(s): | Nik-Bakht, Mazdak and Dziedzic, Rebecca |
Keywords: | Decision-making, Sustainability, Circular Economy, Facilities, End-of-life, Analytical Hierarchical Process |
ID Code: | 995053 |
Deposited By: | Julia Ferreira Gomes |
Deposited On: | 17 Jun 2025 17:13 |
Last Modified: | 17 Jun 2025 17:13 |
References:
Abouhamad, Mona, and Metwally Abu-Hamd. 2021. “Life Cycle Assessment Framework for Embodied Environmental Impacts of Building Construction Systems.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (2): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020461.Abruzzini, Aurora, and Sepehr Abrishami. 2021. “Integration of BIM and Advanced Digital Technologies to the End of Life Decision-Making Process: A Paradigm of Future Opportunities.” Journal of Engineering Design and Technology.
Akanbi, Lukman A., Lukumon O. Oyedele, Olugbenga O. Akinade, Anuoluwapo O. Ajayi, Manuel Davila Delgado, Muhammad Bilal, and Sururah A. Bello. 2018. “Salvaging Building Materials in a Circular Economy: A BIM-Based Whole-Life Performance Estimator.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 129 (February):175–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2017.10.026.
Akbarnezhad, A., K. C.G. Ong, and L. R. Chandra. 2014. “Economic and Environmental Assessment of Deconstruction Strategies Using Building Information Modeling.” Automation in Construction 37:131–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.017.
Akinade, Olugbenga O., Lukumon O. Oyedele, Muhammad Bilal, Saheed O. Ajayi, Hakeem A. Owolabi, Hafiz A. Alaka, and Sururah A. Bello. 2015. “Waste Minimisation through Deconstruction: A BIM Based Deconstructability Assessment Score (BIM-DAS).” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 105 (December):167–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.018.
Alamerew, Yohannes A., and Daniel Brissaud. 2019. “Circular Economy Assessment Tool for End of Life Product Strategies.” Journal of Remanufacturing.
Allam, A., and M. Nik-Bakht. 2024. “Supporting Circularity in Construction with Performance-Based Deconstruction.” Sustainable Production and Consumption 45. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352550923002968.
Allam, Amr, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2023. “Barriers to Circularity in Construction: An Analysis of Experts’ Perspectives.” In Proceedings of the 2023 European Conference on Computing in Construction and the 40th International CIB W78 Conference. https://doi.org/10.35490/EC3.2023.234.
Allam, Amr, Rafaela Paniza, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2023. “SWOT Analysis of Built Facilities’ Deconstruction Projects.” In 2023 CSCE International Conference, Joint with CRC 2023. Moncton, NB.
Allam, Amr S., and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2023a. “From Demolition to Deconstruction of the Built Environment: A Synthesis of the Literature.” Journal of Building Engineering. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105679.
———. 2023b. “From Demolition to Deconstruction of the Built Environment: A Synthesis of the Literature.” Journal of Building Engineering 64 (April). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOBE.2022.105679.
———. 2024. “Supporting Circularity in Construction with Performance-Based Deconstruction.” Sustainable Production and Consumption 45 (March):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2023.12.021.
Allam, Amr S, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2023. “BARRIERS TO CIRCULARITY IN CONSTRUCTION: AN ANALYSIS OF EXPERTS’ PERSPECTIVES.”
Anastasiades, K., J. Blom, M. Buyle, and A. Audenaert. 2020. “Translating the Circular Economy to Bridge Construction: Lessons Learnt from a Critical Literature Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109522.
Antunes, Ana, Ricardo Martins, José Dinis Silvestre, Ricardo Do Carmo, Hugo Costa, Eduardo Júlio, and Pedro Pedroso. 2021. “Environmental Impacts and Benefits of the End-of-Life of Building Materials: Database to Support Decision Making and Contribute to Circularity.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 13 (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212659.
Baker, Hannah, Alice Moncaster, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. 2017. “Decision-Making for the Demolition or Adaptation of Buildings.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Forensic Engineering 170 (3): 144–56. https://doi.org/10.1680/jfoen.16.00026.
Bueno, Cristiane, Lucas Melchiori Pereira, and Márcio Minto Fabricio. 2018. “Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental-Based Choices at the Early Design Stages: An Application Using Building Information Modelling.” Architectural Engineering and Design Management 14 (5): 332–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2018.1458593.
Ccme. n.d. GUIDE FOR IDENTIFYING, EVALUATING AND SELECTING POLICIES FOR INFLUENCING CONSTRUCTION, RENOVATION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT.
Chen, Jianguo, Chunxiang Hua, and Chenyu Liu. 2018. “Considerations for Better Construction and Demolition Waste Management: Identifying the Decision Behavior of Contractors and Government through a Game Theory Decision-Making Model.” Journal of Cleaner Production, November.
Chen, Yun, Jia Yu, and Shahbaz Khan. 2013. “The Spatial Framework for Weight Sensitivity Analysis in AHP-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Making.” Environmental Modelling and Software 48:129–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.06.010.
Chen, Zhen, M Asce, Arham B Abdullah, ; Chimay, J Anumba, F Asce, and Heng Li. 2013. “ANP Experiment for Demolition Plan Evaluation.” https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.
Cheng, Baoquan, Kun Lu, Jianchang Li, Huihua Chen, Xiaowei Luo, and Muhammad Shafique. 2022. “Comprehensive Assessment of Embodied Environmental Impacts of Buildings Using Normalized Environmental Impact Factors.” Journal of Cleaner Production 334 (February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130083.
Chinda, Thanwadee, and Veeris Ammarapala. 2016. “Decision-Making on Reverse Logistics in the Construction Industry.” Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 38. Khlong Luang. http://www.sjst.psu.ac.th.
Więckowski, Jakub, and Wojciech Sałabun. 2024. “Comparative Sensitivity Analysis in Composite Material Selection- Evaluating OAT and COMSAM Methods in Multi Criteria Decision Making.” Spectrum of Mechanical Engineering and Operational Research 2:1–12.
Cook, Ed, Costas A. Velis, and Leon Black. 2022. “Construction and Demolition Waste Management: A Systematic Scoping Review of Risks to Occupational and Public Health.” Frontiers in Sustainability. Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.924926.
Ding, Zhikun, Rongsheng Liu, Yifei Wang, Vivian WY Tam, and Mingxue Ma. 2021. “An Agent-Based Model Approach for Urban Demolition Waste Quantification and a Management Framework for Stakeholders.” Journal of Cleaner Production 285 (February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124897.
Ding, Zhikun, Menglian Zhu, Zezhou Wu, Yanbin Fu, and Xia Liu. 2018. “Combining AHP-Entropy Approach with GIS for Construction Waste Landfill Selection—A Case Study of Shenzhen.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102254.
Esther Aigwi, Itohan, Temitope Egbelakin, Jason Ingham, Robyn Phipps, and James Rotimi. 2019. “A Performance-Based Framework to Prioritise Underutilised Historical.” Sustainable Cities and Society, April.
Figueiredo, Karoline, Rodrigo Pierott, Ahmed W.A. Hammad, and Assed Haddad. 2021. “Sustainable Material Choice for Construction Projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Framework Based on BIM and Fuzzy-AHP.” Building and Environment 196 (June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107805.
Fiore, Pierfrancesco, Giuseppe Donnarumma, Carmelo Falce, Emanuela D’andria, and Claudia Sicignano. 2020. “An AHP-Based Methodology for Decision Support in Integrated Interventions in School Buildings.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 12 (23): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310181.
Garcia-Bernabeu, Ana, Adolfo Hilario-Caballero, David Pla-Santamaria, and Francisco Salas-Molina. 2020. “A Process Oriented MCDM Approach to Construct a Circular Economy Composite Index.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020618.
Gerding, Ditte P., Hans Wamelink, and Els M. Leclercq. 2021. “Implementing Circularity in the Construction Process: A Case Study Examining the Reorganization of Multi-Actor Environment and the Decision-Making Process.” Construction Management and Economics 39 (7): 617–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2021.1934885.
Ghaffar, Seyed Hamidreza, Matthew Burman, and Nuhu Braimah. 2019. “Pathways to Circular Construction: An Integrated Management of Construction and Demolition Waste for Resource Recovery.” Journal of Cleaner Production, October.
Ghisellini, Patrizia, Maddalena Ripa, and Sergio Ulgiati. 2018. “Exploring Environmental and Economic Costs and Benefits of a Circular Economy Approach to the Construction and Demolition Sector. A Literature Review.” Journal of Cleaner Production 178 (March):618–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.207.
Giorgi, Serena, Monica Lavagna, Ke Wang, Mohamed Osmani, Gang Liu, and Andrea Campioli. 2022. “Drivers and Barriers towards Circular Economy in the Building Sector.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
Goepel, Klaus D. 2013. “Implementing the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a Standard Method for Multi- Criteria Decision Making In Corporate Enterprises – A New AHP Excel Template with Multiple Inputs.” In Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 1–10.
Gomes, Julia, Rebecca Dziedzic, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2023. “A Decision-Making Framework for the Built Facilities’ End-of-Life from Sustainability and Circular Economy Viewpoints.” In Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. Moncton.
Guerra, Beatriz C., and Fernanda Leite. 2021. “Circular Economy in the Construction Industry: An Overview of United States Stakeholders’ Awareness, Major Challenges, and Enablers.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 170 (July). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105617.
Hasheminasab, Hamidreza, Sarfaraz Hashemkhani Zolfani, Mohammadreza Kharrazi, and Dalia Streimikiene. 2022. “Combination of Sustainability and Circular Economy to Develop a Cleaner Building Industry.” Energy and Buildings 258 (March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111838.
Hasik, Vaclav, Elizabeth Escott, Roderick Bates, Stephanie Carlisle, Billie Faircloth, and Melissa M. Bilec. 2019. “Comparative Whole-Building Life Cycle Assessment of Renovation and New Construction.” Building and Environment, June.
Høibye, Linda, and Henrik Sand. 2018. Circular Economy in the Nordic Construction Sector. TemaNord. Nordic Council of Ministers. https://doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-517.
Hossain, Md Uzzal, Zezhou Wu, and Chi Sun Poon. 2017. “Comparative Environmental Evaluation of Construction Waste Management through Different Waste Sorting Systems in Hong Kong.” Waste Management 69 (November):325–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.043.
Hu, Ming. 2019. “Building Impact Assessment—A Combined Life Cycle Assessment and Multicriteria Decision Analysis Framework.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 150.
Independent Statistics and Analysis. 2023. “How Much Carbon Dioxide Is Produced per Kilowatthour of U.S. Electricity Generation?” U.S. Energy Information Administration. December 2023.
Iodice, Silvia, Elena Garbarino, Maria Cerreta, and Davide Tonini. 2021. “Sustainability Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste Management Applied to an Italian Case.” Waste Management 128 (June):83–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.04.031.
Ishizaka, Alessio., and Philippe. Nemery. 2013. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis : Methods and Software.
Jalaei, Farzad, and Ahmad Jrade. 2014. “Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Energy Analysis Tools with Green Building Certification System to Conceptually Design Sustainable Buildings.” Journal of Information Technology in Construction 19 (November):494–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-013-0120-0.
Jiří, Franek, and Aleš Kresta. 2014. “Judgment Scales and Consistency Measure in AHP.” Procedia Economics and Finance, 164–73.
Joensuu, Tuomo, Roosa Leino, Jukka Heinonen, and Arto Saari. 2022. “Developing Buildings’ Life Cycle Assessment in Circular Economy-Comparing Methods for Assessing Carbon Footprint of Reusable Components.” Sustainable Cities and Society 77 (February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103499.
Kang, Kai, Svetlana Besklubova, Yaqi Dai, and Ray Y. Zhong. 2022. “Building Demolition Waste Management through Smart BIM: A Case Study in Hong Kong.” Waste Management 143 (April):69–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.027.
Khoshand, Afshin, Kimia Khanlari, Hamidreza Abbasianjahromi, and Milad Zoghi. 2020. “Construction and Demolition Waste Management: Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach.” Waste Management and Research 38 (7): 773–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X20910468.
Korol, Elena, and Anna Dudina. 2023. “Calculation of Fuel and Energy Resource Consumption during Building Demolition.” In E3S Web of Conferences. Vol. 457. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345702056.
Krejcí, Jana, and Jan Stoklasa. 2018. “Aggregation in the Analytic Hierarchy Process Why Weighted.” Expert Systems With Applications 114:97–106.
Kristyn Oldendorf. 2022. “Post-Collection and Maintenance Activities Contribute to Rise.” Solid Waste Association of North America. 2022.
Lee, Sir Yee, Jiayao Hu, and Ming K. Lim. 2021. “Maximising the Circular Economy and Sustainability Outcomes: An End-of-Life Tyre Recycling Outlets Selection Model.” International Journal of Production Economics 232 (February). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107965.
Liu, Jingkuang, Piao Wu, Yuhan Jiang, and Xuetong Wang. 2021. “Explore Potential Barriers of Applying Circular Economy in Construction And.” Journal of Cleaner Production.
Lorna, Dragonetti, Dimitra Papadaki, Cecilia Mazzoli, Alice Monacelli, Margarita-Niki Assimakopoulos, and Annarita Ferrante. 2024. “Circular Deep Renovation versus Demolition with Reconstruction: Environmental and Financial Evaluation to Support Decision Making in the Construction Sector.” https://ssrn.com/abstract=4901962.
Lynch, Nicholas. 2022. “Unbuilding the City: Deconstruction and the Circular Economy in Vancouver.” Environment and Planning A 54 (8): 1586–1603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X221116891.
Maria, Andrea Di, Johan Eyckmans, and Karel Van Acker. 2018. “Downcycling versus Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste: Combining LCA and LCC to Support Sustainable Policy Making.” Waste Management, February.
Ming Hu. n.d. “Building Impact Assessment—A Combined Life Cycle Assessment and Multicriteria Decision Analysis Framework.”
Mishra, Shraddha, Surya Prakash Singh, John Johansen, Yang Cheng, and Sami Farooq. 2019. “Evaluating Indicators for International Manufacturing Network under Circular Economy.” Management Decision 57 (4): 811–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2018-0565.
Nadazdi Ana, Naunovic Zorana, and Ivanisevic Nenad. 2022. “Circular Economy in Construction and Demolition Waste Management in the Western Balkans: A Sustainability Assessment Framework.” Sustainability.
NRC, and CNRC. 2022. National Guidelines for Whole-Building Life Cycle Assessment. National Research Council of Canada = Conseil national de recherches Canada.
Nordbly, Anne Sigrid. 2019. “Barriers and Opportunities to Reuse of Building Materials in the Norwegian Construction Sector.” Conf. Earth and Environmental Science.
Ontario Regulation 103/94. 2011. Environment Protect Act.
Orenga Panizza, Rafaela, and Mazdak Nik-Bakht. 2024. “Building Stock as a Future Supply of Second-Use Material – A Review of Urban Mining Methods.” Waste Management Bulletin 2 (2): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wmb.2024.03.001.
Panizza, R., and M. Nik-Bakht. 2024. “Building Stock as a Future Supply of Second-Use Material – a Review of Urban Mining Methods.” Waste Management Bulletin 2 (2): 19–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wmb.2024.03.001.
Purchase, Callun Keith, Dhafer Manna Al Zulayq, Bio Talakatoa O’brien, Matthew Joseph Kowalewski, Aydin Berenjian, Amir Hossein Tarighaleslami, and Mostafa Seifan. 2022. “Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Review on Lessons, Challenges, and Benefits.” Materials. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15010076.
“Qualtrics.” 2005. 2005. https://www.qualtrics.com.
Quéheille, Eva, Anne Ventura, Nadia Saiyouri, and Franck Taillandier. 2022. “A Life Cycle Assessment Model of End-of-Life Scenarios for Building Deconstruction and Waste Management.” Journal of Cleaner Production 339 (March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130694.
Robati, Mehdi, Daniel Daly, and Georgios Kokogiannakis. 2019. “A Method of Uncertainty Analysis for Whole-Life Embodied Carbon Emissions (CO 2 -e) of Building Materials of a Net-Zero Energy Building in Australia.” Journal of Cleaner Production 225 (July):541–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.339.
Saaty, R W. 1987. “THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS-WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT IS USED.” Vol. 9.
Saaty, Thomas L. 2008. “Decision Making with the Analytic Hierarchy Process.” Int. J. Services Sciences. Vol. 1.
Schlegl, Friederike, Johannes Gantner, Rene Traunspurguer, and Stefan Albrecht. 2019. “LCA of Buildings in Germany: Proposal for a Future Benchmark Based on Existing Databases.” Energy & Buildings.
Semgalawe, Nita. 2024. “Selection of P3 Delivery Methods for Sustainable Social Infrastructure Projects Using the Analytical Hierarchical Process.”
Serrano, Antonio Ángel Rodríguez, and Santiago Porras Álvarez. 2016. “Life Cycle Assessment in Building: A Case Study on the Energy and Emissions Impact Related to the Choice of Housing Typologies and Construction Process in Spain.” Sustainability (Switzerland) 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030287.
Shooshtarian, Salman, Savindi Caldera, Tayyab Maqsood, and Tim Ryley. 2020. “Using Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Products: A Review of Stakeholders’ Perceptions, Decisions, and Motivations.” Recycling. MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling5040031.
Stankovic´ Jelena J., Jankovic´-Milic Vesna, Marjanovic´ Ivana, and Janjic Jasmina. 2021. “An Integrated Approach of PCA and PROMETHEE in Spatial Assessment of Circular Economy Indicators.” Waste Management.
Tellus Institute with Sound Resource Management. 2007. “More Jobs, Less Pollution: Growing the Recycling Economy in the U.S.” www.bluegreenalliance.org.
UN environment programme. 2020. “2020 GLOBAL STATUS REPORT FOR BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION.” www.globalabc.org.
Velenturf, Anne P.M., and Phil Purnell. 2021. “Principles for a Sustainable Circular Economy.” Sustainable Production and Consumption.
Vilches, Alberto, Antonio Garcia-Martinez, and Benito Sanchez-Montañes. 2017. “Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Building Refurbishment: A Literature Review.” Energy and Buildings. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.042.
Vitale, Pierluca, Noemi Arena, Fabrizio Di Gregorio, and Umberto Arena. 2017. “Life Cycle Assessment of the End-of-Life Phase of a Residential Building.” Waste Management 60 (February):311–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.002.
Wang, Ting-Kwei, Zeqing Wu, and Chunyan Luo. 2021. “Multi-Participant Construction Waste Demolition and Transportation.” Resources, Conservation & Recycling, March.
Xu, Jiuping, Yi Shi, Yachen Xie, and Siwei Zhao. 2019. “A BIM-Based Construction and Demolition Waste Information Management System for Greenhouse Gas Quantification and Reduction.” Journal of Cleaner Production 229 (August):308–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.158.
Repository Staff Only: item control page