Vadiee, Saeed (2025) Numerical modeling of the long-term poromechanical performance of deep geothermal energy systems. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
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Abstract
In recent years, the technological development of carbon-free energy sources has gained increasing attention among communities. Among various clean energy sources, geothermal energy stands out as an environmentally friendly alternative that is not affected by weather fluctuations, like solar and wind energy, and does not generate harmful waste, unlike nuclear energy. Geothermal energy production involves extracting the naturally stored heat within the Earth's crust for direct use or electricity generation. This process requires drilling one or more boreholes into the targeted formation, where fluid is injected and circulated to extract heat from the subsurface.
A wide range of injection and production scenarios exist for geothermal energy systems. However, a common challenge across all scenarios is the need to accurately capture and understand geological structures, including faults, fractures, and other planes of weakness, and to quantify, both spatially and temporally, the dynamics of relevant physical processes and their interactions with the geological environment. Continuous fluid injection and production induce thermodynamic changes within the reservoir, leading to significant variations in pore pressure and temperature. These variations create local stress gradients in the porous rock, affecting reservoir performance. The transport properties of the porous medium, namely porosity and permeability, are highly sensitive to bulk and pore volume deformations, which can influence or even control overall reservoir productivity. Additionally, changes in stress conditions along geological discontinuities, such as fractures or faults, induced by geothermal operations, can compromise the mechanical stability of these structures. This may result in the propagation or closure of existing fractures or induce slip along fault planes, potentially leading to induced seismicity.
This study investigates the dynamics of pore pressure diffusion and thermal effects within a geothermal reservoir subjected to cold fluid injection. The incorporation of International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) equations enables realistic simulations of heterogeneous pressure field distributions. The simulated system represents a doublet within a faulted zone, featuring two hydraulically stimulated fractures. The primary objective is to assess the probability of fault reactivation under varying in-situ stress conditions over a 100-year geothermal injection and production period. The findings reveal that stress distribution patterns are primarily governed by thermal stresses along the fluid circulation pathway. Fluid velocity and temperature gradients significantly influence the reservoir’s mechanical stability, while minimal pore pressure changes suggest that thermal stresses play a dominant role in fault behavior. The analysis indicates no potential for fault reactivation under various in-situ stress conditions, even over the anticipated production and injection period, as thermal effects continue to influence the surrounding rocks. Slip tendency values remain below the threshold for fault reactivation, considering the reduced mechanical properties defined by the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. These results suggest that the geothermal reservoir, subject to thermo-poromechanical effects, exhibits mechanical stability conducive to sustained injection and production activities.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
| Authors: | Vadiee, Saeed |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | M.A. Sc. |
| Program: | Civil Engineering |
| Date: | 1 March 2025 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | Li, biao |
| Keywords: | Fault reactivation potential, Deep geothermal Reservoir, Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) coupled analysis, finite element method |
| ID Code: | 995201 |
| Deposited By: | Saeed Vadiee |
| Deposited On: | 17 Jun 2025 17:29 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Jun 2025 17:29 |
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