Yu, Qihang (2025) Developing Advanced All-solid-state Lithium Organic Batteries. PhD thesis, Concordia University.
![[thumbnail of Yu_PhD_F2025.pdf]](https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (application/pdf)
19MBYu_PhD_F2025.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 15 August 2027. Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their enhanced safety, high energy density, and long-term stability compared to conventional liquid electrolyte-based systems. Meanwhile, organic batteries, which utilize redox-active organic compounds as electrode materials, offer additional advantages such as structural tunability, sustainability, and the potential for low-cost, large-scale production. However, their practical application has long been limited by the dissolution of organic materials in liquid electrolytes, leading to rapid capacity fading and poor cycle life. By replacing liquid electrolytes with solid-state electrolytes, this dissolution issue can be fundamentally mitigated, enabling more stable electrochemical performance of organic electrodes. In recent years, the development of all-solid-state lithium organic batteries (ASSLOBs) combining organic active materials with inorganic solid-state electrolytes has emerged as a highly promising direction. These systems not only retain the environmental and structural advantages of organic batteries but also benefit from the mechanical robustness and electrochemical stability of solid electrolytes.
This thesis begins with an in-depth review of the development of lithium-ion batteries, with particular attention to the evolution of electrode materials and electrolyte systems. The first section traces the development in the field, highlighting key progress in both cathode and anode materials, as well as innovations in liquid electrolyte formulation and optimization. The discussion then turns to organic electrode materials, which have attracted growing interest due to their structural tunability, environmental compatibility, and potential for low-cost production. However, their practical deployment remains limited by issues such as poor cycle life and dissolution in liquid electrolytes. To address these challenges, the latter part of the thesis explores the development of solid-state electrolytes, which not only offer improved safety and thermal stability but also effectively suppress the dissolution of organic active materials. Recent progress in integrating inorganic solid-state electrolytes with organic electrodes is examined, revealing a promising pathway that leverages the strengths of both components.
First, compared to oxide solid electrolytes and sulfide solid electrolytes, halide solid electrolytes have attracted increasing attention due to their wider electrochemical stability windows. The first work investigates the compatibility between the organic cathode material indigo and halide-based solid electrolytes. The results demonstrate that, for organic positive electrode materials, the selection of solid-state electrolytes cannot rely solely on the electrochemical stability window of electrolytes. Instead, the interfacial compatibility and specific interactions between the electrolyte and the electrode material must also be carefully considered to ensure stable electrochemical performance.
Second, a bifunctional indigo natural dye was investigated that serves as both an active material and a solid molecular catalyst in sulfide-based ASSBs, addressing these compatibility challenges. Contrary to the prevailing view that chemical reactions between OEMs and sulfide SEs are detrimental, our study reveals that controlled reactions between indigo and Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) SE catalyze their synergistic redox process after optimizing electrode microstructures. This strategy enables a high reversible capacity of 583 mAh g-1 (LPSC contribution: 379 mAh g-1) at 0.1 C, a high areal capacity of 3.84 mAh cm-2, and excellent cycling stability at room temperature. These findings highlight the potential of bifunctional OEMs in sulfide-based ASSBs to overcome the key challenges of OEMs in practical applications.
Subsequently, this work underscores the critical importance of chemical compatibility in achieving optimal battery performance, demonstrating that carefully regulated interfacial reactions between organic electrode materials and sulfide solid electrolytes can catalyze reversible S²⁻ anionic redox processes. This catalytic mechanism enables a high electrode-level energy density of 476.6 Wh kg-1 and stable cycling over 2,000 cycles at room temperature in all-solid-state organic batteries. Mechanistic investigations into the OEM-catalyzed S²⁻ redox chemistry reveal two essential criteria for effective catalysis: (1) the redox potential of the OEM must be appropriately aligned to oxidize S²⁻ species without inducing over-oxidation, and (2) low cation–S²⁻ bond covalency is necessary to localize electron density on sulfur atoms, thereby facilitating reversible redox activity. These insights address key limitations associated with OEMs in all ASSBs and offer a strategic framework for designing next-generation sustainable ASSBs with enhanced energy density and long-term stability
This thesis investigates the development of all-solid-state lithium organic batteries by exploring the interplay between organic electrode materials and solid-state electrolytes. It highlights the critical role of chemical and interfacial compatibility—beyond electrochemical stability windows—in achieving high energy density and long-term cycling stability.
Keywords: organic electrode materials, electrolytes, all solid-state batteries, sulfide solid state electrolytes, carbonyl electrode materials, redox mediator
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
| Authors: | Yu, Qihang |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | Ph. D. |
| Program: | Mechanical Engineering |
| Date: | 29 May 2025 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | Li, xia |
| Keywords: | organic electrode materials, electrolytes, all solid-state batteries, sulfide solid state electrolytes, carbonyl electrode materials, redox mediator |
| ID Code: | 995900 |
| Deposited By: | Qihang Yu |
| Deposited On: | 04 Nov 2025 17:21 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Nov 2025 17:21 |
References:
1 Yang, J. X. et al. Rational Molecular Design of Benzoquinone-Derived Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 (2020).2 Zhang, Y., Sun, Z. P., Kong, X. Y., Lin, Y. L. & Huang, W. W. An all-organic symmetric battery based on a triquinoxalinylene derivative with different redox voltage active sites and a large conjugation system. J. Mater. Chem. A 9, 26208-26215 (2021).
3 Hu, Y. et al. Novel Insoluble Organic Cathodes for Advanced Organic K-Ion Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2000675 (2020).
4 Wang, S. W. et al. Organic Li4C8H2O6 nanosheets for Lithium-Ion batteries. Nano Lett. 13, 4404-4409 (2013).
5 Wan, W. et al. Tuning the electrochemical performances of anthraquinone organic cathode materials for Li-ion batteries through the sulfonic sodium functional group. Rsc Adv. 4, 19878-19882 (2014).
6 Song, Z., Qian, Y., Zhang, T., Otani, M. & Zhou, H. Poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide) as a high-energy organic cathode for rechargeable Li and Na batteries. Adv. Sci. 2, 1500124 (2015).
7 Nokami, T. et al. Polymer-Bound Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone for Fast-Charge and -Discharge Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Capacity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 19694-19700 (2012).
8 Li, H. et al. 2,2 '-Bis(3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)/CMK-3 nanocomposite as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Inorg. Chem. Front. 1, 193-199(2014).
9 Li, L. et al. In Situ Coating Graphdiyne for High-Energy-Density and Stable Organic Cathodes. Adv. Mater. 32, 202000140 (2020).
10 Song, Z. P., Qian, Y. M., Otani, M. & Zhou, H. S. Stable Li-Organic Batteries with Nafion-Based Sandwich-Type Separators. Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1501780 (2016).
11 Bai, S. et al. Permselective metal-organic framework gel membrane enables long-life cycling of rechargeable organic batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 77-84 (2021).
12 Ong, S. P., Wang, L., Kang, B. & Ceder, G. Li-Fe-P-O2 phase diagram from first principles calculations. Chem. Mater. 20, 1798-1807 (2008).
13 Goodenough, J. B. & Park, K. S. The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 1167-1176 (2013).
14 Zhang, S. S. A review on the separators of liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries. J. Power Sources 164, 351-364 (2007).
15 Shen, X. et al. Advanced Electrode Materials in Lithium Batteries: Retrospect and Prospect. Energy Mater. Adv. 2021, 15 (2021)
16 Lin, D., Liu, Y. & Cui, Y. Reviving the lithium metal anode for high-energy batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 194 (2017).
17 Wu, F., Maier, J. & Yu, Y. Guidelines and trends for next-generation rechargeable lithium and lithium-ion batteries. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 1569-1614 (2020).
18 Whittingham, M. S. Electrical Energy Storage and Intercalation Chemistry. Science 192, 1126-1127 (1976).
19 Mizushima, K., Jones, P. C., Wiseman, P. J. & Goodenough, J. B. LixCoO2 (0< x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density. Mater. Res. Bull. 15, 783-789 (1980).
20 Xie, J. & Lu, Y.-C. A retrospective on lithium-ion batteries. Nat. Comm. 11, 2499 (2020).
21 Quartarone, E. & Mustarelli, P. Emerging trends in the design of electrolytes for lithium and post-lithium batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 050508 (2020).
22 Liu, Y. K. et al. Research progresses of liquid electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries. Small 19, 2205315 (2023).
23 Zhang, J. et al. Ethers illume sodium‐based battery chemistry: uniqueness, surprise, and challenges. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1801361 (2018).
24 Zhao, Y. et al. A chemistry and material perspective on lithium redox flow batteries towards high-density electrical energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 7968-7996 (2015).
25 Lu, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, L., Niu, Z. Q. & Chen, J. Design strategies toward enhancing the performance of organic electrode materials in metal-ion batteries. Chem 4, 2786-2813 (2018).
26 Liang, Y. L., Tao, Z. L. & Chen, J. Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 742-769 (2012).
27 Lu, Y. & Chen, J. Prospects of organic electrode materials for practical lithium batteries. Nat. Rev. Chem. 4, 127-142 (2020).
28 Schon, T. B., McAllister, B. T., Li, P.-F. & Seferos, D. S. J. C. S. R. The rise of organic electrode materials for energy storage. Chem. Soc. Rev. 45, 6345-6404 (2016).
29 Williams, D., Byrne, J. & Driscoll, J. A high energy density lithium/dichloroisocyanuric acid battery system. J. Electrochem. Soc. 116, 2 (1969).
30 Sun, T., Xie, J., Guo, W., Li, D. S. & Zhang, Q. C. Covalent-Organic Frameworks: Advanced Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 1904199 (2020).
31 Stephan, A. K. The Age of Li-Ion Batteries. Joule 3, 2583-2584 (2019).
32 Song, Z. & Zhou, H. Towards sustainable and versatile energy storage devices: an overview of organic electrode materials. Energy Environ Sci. 6, 2280-2301 (2013).
33 Shea, J. J., Luo, C. J. A. a. m. & interfaces. Organic electrode materials for metal ion batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 5361-5380 (2020).
34 Zhao, L. H., Lakraychi, A. E., Chen, Z. Y., Liang, Y. L. & Yao, Y. Roadmap of Solid-State Lithium-Organic Batteries toward 500 Wh kg-1. Acs Energy Lett. 6, 3287-3306 (2021).
35 Yu, Q. H. et al. Novel low-cost, high-energy-density (> 700 Wh kg-1) Li-rich organic cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 415, 128509 (2021).
36 Yokoji, T. et al. Steric Effects on the Cyclability of Benzoquinone-type Organic Cathode Active Materials for Rechargeable Batteries. Chem. Lett. 44, 1726-1728 (2015).
37 Yao, M. et al. High-capacity organic positive-electrode material based on a benzoquinone derivative for use in rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Power Sources 195, 8336-8340 (2010).
38 Senoh, H., Yao, M., Sakaebe, H., Yasuda, K. & Siroma, Z. A two-compartment cell for using soluble benzoquinone derivatives as active materials in lithium secondary batteries. Electrochim. Acta 56, 10145-10150 (2011).
39 Yang, J. et al. Rational Molecular Design of Benzoquinone-Derived Cathode Materials for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 1909597 (2020).
40 Peng, C. et al. Reversible multi-electron redox chemistry of π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic molecule-based organic cathodes. Nat. Energy 2, 1-9 (2017).
41 Padhi, A. K., Nanjundaswamy, K. S. & Goodenough, J. B. Phospho-olivines as positive-electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 144, 1188-1194 (1997).
42 Cheng, L. W. et al. Low-Temperature and High-Areal-Capacity Rechargeable Lithium Batteries enabled by pi-Conjugated Systems. BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS, 6, e202200458 (2023).
43 Han, X., Chang, C., Yuan, L., Sun, T. & Sun, J. Aromatic Carbonyl Derivative Polymers as High-Performance Li-Ion Storage Materials. Adv. Mater. 19, 1616-1621, (2007).
44 Xiong, M., Tang, W., Cao, B., Yang, C. L. & Fan, C. A small-molecule organic cathode with fast charge-discharge capability for K-ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A. 7, 20127-20131 (2019).
45 Lu, Y., Zhang, Q., Li, F. & Chen, J. Emerging Lithiated Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Full Batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202216047 (2023).
46 Chen, H. et al. From biomass to a renewable LixC6O6 organic electrode for sustainable Li-ion batteries. Chemsuschem 1, 348-355 (2008).
47 Li, B. F. et al. Electrolyte-Regulated Solid-Electrolyte Interphase Enables Long Cycle Life Performance in Organic Cathodes for Potassium-Ion Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 29, 1807137 (2019).
48 Zhao, J., Yang, J. X., Sun, P. F. & Xu, Y. H. Sodium sulfonate groups substituted anthraquinone as an organic cathode for potassium batteries. Electrochem. Commun. 86, 34-37 (2018).
49 Li, D. et al. Long-lifespan Polyanionic Organic Cathodes for Highly Efficient Organic Sodium-ion Batteries. Chemsuschem 13, 1991-1996 (2020).
50 Hu, J. H. et al. Insoluble polyanionic anthraquinones with two strong ionic O-K bonds as stable organic cathodes for pure organic K-ion batteries. Sci. China-Mater. 64, 1598-1608 (2021).
51 Foos, J. S., Erker, S. M. & Rembetsy, L. M. Synthesis and Characterization of Semiconductive Poly‐1,4‐Dimethoxybenzene and Its Derived Polyquinone. J. Electrochem. Soc. 133, 836-841 (1986).
52 Geng, J., Bonnet, J.-P., Renault, S., Dolhem, F. & Poizot, P. Evaluation of polyketones with N-cyclic structure as electrode material for electrochemical energy storage: case of tetraketopiperazine unit. Energy & Environ. Sci. 3, 1929-1933 (2010).
53 Ji, X. L., Lee, K. T. & Nazar, L. F. A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries. Nat. Mater. 8, 500-506 (2009).
54 Eshetu, G. G. et al. Ultrahigh Performance All Solid-State Lithium Sulfur Batteries: Salt Anion's Chemistry-Induced Anomalous Synergistic Effect. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 9921-9933 (2018).
55 Han, D.-D., Wang, Z.-Y., Pan, G.-L. & Gao, X.-P. Metal–organic-framework-based gel polymer electrolyte with immobilized anions to stabilize a lithium anode for a quasi-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11, 18427-18435 (2019).
56 Kim, H. et al. High Energy Organic Cathode for Sodium Rechargeable Batteries. Chem. Mater. 27, 7258-7264 (2015).
57 Xiong, W. X. et al. Pillar 5 quinone-Carbon Nanocomposites as High-Capacity Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. Chem. Mater. 31, 8069-8075 (2019).
58 Zhao, L. et al. A MC/AQ Parasitic Composite as Cathode Material for Lithium Battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A991-A996 (2011).
59 Chen, S. R. et al. High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries Enabled by Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes. Adv. Mater. 30, 1706102 (2018).
60 Suo, L. M. et al. Fluorine-donating electrolytes enable highly reversible 5-V-class Li metal batteries. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 115, 1156-1161 (2018).
61 Yang, G. et al. Robust Solid/Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Formation on Si Anodes Using Glyme-Based Electrolytes. Acs Energy Lett. 6, 1684-1693 (2021).
62 Shi, P. C. et al. A highly concentrated phosphate-based electrolyte for high-safety rechargeable lithium batteries. Chem. Commun. 54, 4453-4456 (2018).
63 Liu, Y. T. et al. Electrolyte solutions design for lithium-sulfur batteries. Joule 5, 2323-2364 (2021).
64 Jiang, Z. P. et al. Diluted High Concentration Electrolyte with Dual Effects for Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. Energy Stor. Mater. 36, 333-340 (2021).
65 Zhou, W. J., Zhang, M., Kong, X. Y., Huang, W. W. & Zhang, Q. C. Recent Advance in Ionic-Liquid-Based Electrolytes for Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries. Adv. Sci. 8, 2004490 (2021).
66 Chen, R. J., Zhang, H. Q. & Wu, F. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Batteries. Prog. Chem. 23, 366-373 (2011).
67 Sirisopanaporn, C., Fernicola, A. & Scrosati, B. New, ionic liquid-based membranes for lithium battery application. J. Power Sources 186, 490-495 (2009).
68 Zhang, X. Q., Zhou, W. J., Zhang, M., Yang, Z. N. & Huang, W. W. Superior performance for lithium-ion battery with organic cathode and ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Energy Chem. 52, 28-32 (2021).
69 Navarra, M. A., Manzi, J., Lombardo, L., Panero, S. & Scrosati, B. Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes as Electrolytes for Advanced Lithium Polymer Batteries. Chemsuschem 4, 125-130 (2011).
70 Li, F. X. et al. Synthesis of soluble crosslinked poly (styrene-divinylbenzene-natural rubber) and molecule size determination. Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. 233 (2007).
71 Zhang, W. S., Sun, H. M., Sun, Z. P., Liu, S. & Huang, W. W. Revealing better organic sodium battery performance in ionic liquid electrolytes. Inorg. Chem. Front. 8, 4751-4756 (2021).
72 Kilner, J. A. Fast anion transport in solids. Solid State Ion. 8, 201-207 (1983).
73 Shanmukaraj, D. et al. Towards Efficient Energy Storage Materials: Lithium Intercalation/Organic Electrodes to Polymer Electrolytes-A Road Map. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 1690–1706 (2020).
74 Huang, W. W. et al. Quasi-Solid-State Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Calix 4 quinone Cathode and Gel Polymer Electrolyte. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 9162-9166 (2013).
75 Kim, B., Kang, H., Kim, K., Wang, R. Y. & Park, M. J. All-Solid-State Lithium-Organic Batteries Comprising Single-Ion Polymer Nanoparticle Electrolytes. Chemsuschem 13, 2271-2279 (2020).
76 Zhao, G. F. et al. COFs-based electrolyte accelerates the Na+ diffusion and restrains dendrite growth in quasi-solid-state organic batteries. Nano Energy 92, 106756 (2022).
77 Zeng, Y. et al. High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity. Science 378, 1320-1324 (2022).
78 Ji, W. et al. Practically Accessible All-Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Organosulfide Cathodes and Sulfide Electrolytes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2202919 (2022).
79 Chi, X. et al. Tailored organic electrode material compatible with sulfide electrolyte for stable all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 2630-2634 (2018).
80 Luo, C. et al. Solid-State Electrolyte Anchored with a Carboxylated Azo Compound for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 8567-8571 (2018).
81 Hao, F. et al. Taming Active Material-Solid Electrolyte Interfaces with Organic Cathode for All-Solid-State Batteries. Joule 3, 1349-1359 (2019).
82 Zhang, J. B. et al. Microstructure engineering of solid-state composite cathode via solvent-assisted processing. Joule 5, 1845-1859(2021).
83 Hao, F. et al. High-Energy All-Solid-State Organic-Lithium Batteries Based on Ceramic Electrolytes. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 201-207 (2021).
84 Yang, Z. H. et al. Room-Temperature All-Solid-State Lithium-Organic Batteries Based on Sulfide Electrolytes and Organodisulfide Cathodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2102962 (2021).
85 Tan, D. H. S. et al. Elucidating Reversible Electrochemical Redox of Li6PS5Cl Solid Electrolyte. ACS Energy Letters 4, 2418-2427 (2019).
86 Nisula, M. & Karppinen, M. In situ lithiated quinone cathode for ALD/MLD-fabricated high-power thin-film battery. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 7027-7033 (2018).
87 Chi, X. W. et al. A high-energy quinone-based all-solid-state sodium metal battery. Nano Energy 62, 718-724 (2019).
88 Zhang, S. S., Li, Z., Cai, L. R., Li, Y. & Pol, V. G. Enabling safer, ultralong lifespan all-solid-state Li-organic batteries. Chem. Eng. J. 416, 129171 (2021).
89 Jonson, R. A., Battaglia, V. S. & Tucker, M. C. Lithium Batteries with Small-Molecule Quinone Cathode Enabled by Lithium Garnet Separators. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 6, 745-752 (2023).
90 Chi, X. W. et al. Tailored Organic Electrode Material Compatible with Sulfide Electrolyte for Stable All-Solid-State Sodium Batteries. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed 57, 2630-2634 (2018).
91 Han, X., Chang, C., Yuan, L., Sun, T. & Sun, J. Aromatic carbonyl derivative polymers as high-performance Li-ion storage materials. Adv. Mater. 19, 1616 (2007).
92 Wang, D. X. et al. Molecular Regulation on Carbonyl-Based Organic Cathodes: Toward High-Rate and Long-Lifespan Potassium-Organic Batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 13, 16396-16406 (2021).
93 Bhosale, M. E., Chae, S., Kim, J. M. & Choi, J. Y. Organic small molecules and polymers as an electrode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 19885-19911 (2018).
94 Asano, T. et al. Solid Halide Electrolytes with High Lithium-Ion Conductivity for Application in 4 V Class Bulk-Type All-Solid-State Batteries. Adv. Mater. 30, 1803075 (2018).
95 Morris, W. et al. Synthesis, Structure, and Metalation of Two New Highly Porous Zirconium Metal–Organic Frameworks. Inorg. Chem. 51, 6443-6445 (2012).
96 Lu, Y. & Chen, J. Prospects of organic electrode materials for practical lithium batteries. Nat. Rev. Chem. 4, 127-142 (2020).
97 Poizot, P. et al. Opportunities and challenges for organic electrodes in electrochemical energy storage. Chem. Rev. 120, 6490-6557 (2020).
98 Lee, S., Hong, J. & Kang, K. Redox‐active organic compounds for future sustainable energy storage system. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 2001445 (2020).
99 Han, X. Y., Chang, C. X., Yuan, L. J., Sun, T. L. & Sun, J. T. Aromatic carbonyl derivative polymers as high-performance Li-ion storage materials. Adv. Mater. 19, 1616-1621 (2007).
100 Armand, M. et al. Conjugated dicarboxylate anodes for Li-ion batteries. Nat. Mater. 8, 120-125 (2009).
101 Zhao, L. et al. Disodium terephthalate (Na2C8H4O4) as high performance anode material for low-cost room-temperature sodium-ion battery. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 962-965 (2012).
102 Tobishima, S. i., Yamaki, J. i. & Yamaji, A. Cathode characteristics of organic electron acceptors for lithium batteries. J. Electrochem. Soc. 131, 57 (1984).
103 Shi, R. et al. Nitrogen-rich covalent organic frameworks with multiple carbonyls for high-performance sodium batteries. Nat. Commun. 11, 178 (2020).
104 Peng, C. et al. Reversible multi-electron redox chemistry of π-conjugated N-containing heteroaromatic molecule-based organic cathodes. Nat. Energy 2, 17074 (2017).
105 Visco, S. J. & DeJonghe, L. C. Ionic conductivity of organosulfur melts for advanced storage electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 135, 2905 (1988).
106 Pan, Z., Brett, D. J., He, G. & Parkin, I. P. Progress and perspectives of organosulfur for lithium–sulfur batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 12, 2103483 (2022).
107 Nakahara, K. et al. Rechargeable batteries with organic radical cathodes. Chem. Phys. Lett. 359, 351-354 (2002).
108 Wu, S. F. et al. Highly durable organic electrode for sodium-ion batteries via a stabilized alpha-C radical intermediate. Nat. Commun. 7, 13318 (2016).
109 Mao, M. et al. A pyrazine-based polymer for fast-charge batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 58, 17820-17826 (2019).
110 Zhang, C. et al. Toward high performance thiophene-containing conjugated microporous polymer anodes for lithium-Ion batteries through structure design. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28, 1705432, doi:10.1002/adfm.201705432 (2018).
111 Hu, J. et al. Emerging organic electrodes for Na-ion and K-ion batteries. Energy Stor. Mater. 56, 267-299 (2023).
112 Muench, S. et al. Polymer-based organic batteries. Chem. Rev. 116, 9438-9484 (2016).
113 Deng, W. W., Shen, Y. F., Liang, X. M., Feng, J. W. & Yang, H. X. Redox-active organics/polypyrrole composite as a cycle-stable cathode for Li ion batteries. Electrochim. Acta. 147, 426-431 (2014).
114 Ma, T., Zhao, Q., Wang, J., Pan, Z. & Chen, J. A sulfur heterocyclic quinone cathode and a multifunctional binder for a high-performance rechargeable lithium-Ion battery. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 6428-6432 (2016).
115 Luo, C., Fan, X. L., Ma, Z. H., Gao, T. & Wang, C. S. Self-healing chemistry between organic material and binder for stable sodium-Ion batteries. Chem 3, 1050-1062 (2017).
116 Bai, S. et al. Permselective metal–organic framework gel membrane enables long-life cycling of rechargeable organic batteries. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 77-84 (2021).
117 Lakraychi, A. E., Picton, E. S., Liang, Y., Shaffer, D. L. & Yao, Y. Suppressing shuttle effect with a size-selective covalent organic framework based bilayer membrane. ACS Energy Lett. 8, 5032-5040 (2023).
118 Guo, C., Zhang, K., Zhao, Q., Pei, L. & Chen, J. High-performance sodium batteries with the 9, 10-anthraquinone/CMK-3 cathode and an ether-based electrolyte. Chem. Commun. 51, 10244-10247 (2015).
119 Song, Z. & Zhou, H. Towards sustainable and versatile energy storage devices: an overview of organic electrode materials. Energ Environ Sci 6, 2280-2301 (2013).
120 Song, Z. et al. Polyanthraquinone as a reliable organic electrode for stable and fast lithium storage. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 127, 14153-14157 (2015).
121 Song, Z., Qian, Y., Zhang, T., Otani, M. & Zhou, H. Poly (benzoquinonyl sulfide) as a high‐energy organic cathode for rechargeable Li and Na batteries. Adv. Sci. 2, 1500124 (2015).
122 Zhao, L., Lakraychi, A. E., Chen, Z., Liang, Y. & Yao, Y. Roadmap of solid-state lithium-organic batteries toward 500 Wh kg–1. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 3287-3306 (2021).
123 Hao, F. et al. Taming Active Material-Solid Electrolyte Interfaces with Organic Cathode for All-Solid-State Batteries. Joule 3, 1349-1359 (2019).
124 Zhao, Q., Stalin, S., Zhao, C.-Z. & Archer, L. A. Designing solid-state electrolytes for safe, energy-dense batteries. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 229-252 (2020).
125 Banerjee, A., Wang, X., Fang, C., Wu, E. A. & Meng, Y. S. Interfaces and Interphases in all-solid-state batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes. Chem. Rev. 120, 6878-6933 (2020).
126 Hao, F. et al. High-energy all-solid-state organic–lithium batteries based on ceramic electrolytes. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 201-207 (2020).
127 Yang, Z. et al. Room-temperature all‐solid‐state lithium-organic batteries based on sulfide electrolytes and organodisulfide cathodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2102962 (2021).
128 Ji, W. et al. Practically accessible all‐solid‐state batteries enabled by organosulfide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2202919 (2022).
129 Zhang, J. et al. Microstructure engineering of solid-state composite cathode via solvent-assisted processing. Joule 5, 1845-1859 (2021).
130 Ji, W. et al. A high-performance organic cathode customized for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 45, 680-686 (2022).
131 Wan, T. H., Saccoccio, M., Chen, C. & Ciucci, F. Influence of the discretization methods on the distribution of relaxation times deconvolution: implementing radial basis functions with DRT tools. Electrochim. Acta. 184, 483-499 (2015).
132 Deiseroth, H. J. et al. Li6PS5X: a class of crystalline Li‐rich solids with an unusually high Li+ mobility. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 120, 767-770 (2008).
133 Han, F., Gao, T., Zhu, Y., Gaskell, K. J. & Wang, C. A battery made from a single material. Adv. Mater. 27, 3473-3483 (2015).
134 Ohno, S., Rosenbach, C., Dewald, G. F., Janek, J. & Zeier, W. G. Linking solid electrolyte degradation to charge carrier transport in the thiophosphate‐based composite cathode toward solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 2010620 (2021).
135 Tan, D. H. et al. Elucidating reversible electrochemical redox of Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte. ACS Energy Lett. 4, 2418-2427 (2019).
136 Kim, J. T. et al. Manipulating Li2S2/Li2S mixed discharge products of all-solid-state lithium sulfur batteries for improved cycle life. Nat. Commun. 14, 6404 (2023).
137 Huang, W. et al. Synthesis and application of Calix[6] quinone as a high-capacity organic cathode for plastic crystal electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 26, 465-471 (2020).
138 Gao, X. et al. All-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries enhanced by redox mediators. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 18188-18195 (2021).
139 Li, X. N. et al. Totally compatible P4S10+n cathodes with self-generated Li+ pathways for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 28, 325-333 (2020).
140 Ketenoglu, D. A general overview and comparative interpretation on element‐specific X‐ray spectroscopy techniques: XPS, XAS, and XRS. X-Ray Spectrom. 51, 422-443 (2022).
141 Khimyak, Y. Z. & Klinowski, J. 1H-31P C P/MAS NMR studies of mesostructured aluminophosphates. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 2544-2551 (2001).
142 Metz, G., Ziliox, M. & Smith, S. O. Towards quantitative CP-MAS NMR. Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. 7, 155-160 (1996).
143 Zhou, J. et al. Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li–S batteries. Nature 627, 301-305 (2024).
144 Wang, D. et al. Realizing high-capacity all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries using a low-density inorganic solid-state electrolyte. Nat. Commun. 14, 1895 (2023).
145 Lu, Y. et al. The carrier transition from Li atoms to Li vacancies in solid-state lithium alloy anodes. Sci. Adv. 7, eabi5520 (2021).
146 Liang, Y., Tao, Z. & Chen, J. Organic electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 742-769 (2012).
147 Xie, J. & Zhang, Q. Recent progress in multivalent metal (Mg, Zn, Ca, and Al) and metal-ion rechargeable batteries with organic materials as promising electrodes. Small 15, 1805061 (2019).
148 Häupler, B., Wild, A. & Schubert, U. S. Carbonyls: powerful organic materials for secondary batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1402034 (2015).
149 Yin, X. et al. Recent progress in advanced organic electrode materials for sodium‐ion batteries: synthesis, mechanisms, challenges and perspectives. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 1908445 (2020).
150 Esser, B. et al. A perspective on organic electrode materials and technologies for next generation batteries. J Power Sources 482, 228814 (2021).
151 Zhao, L., Lakraychi, A. E., Chen, Z., Liang, Y. & Yao, Y. Roadmap of solid-state lithium-organic batteries toward 500 Wh kg-1. ACS Energy Lett. 6, 3287-3306 (2021).
152 Zhou, X. et al. A highly stable Li-organic all-solid-state battery based on sulfide electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 12, 2103932 (2022).
153 Lin, X. D. et al. Design principles of quinone redox systems for advanced sulfide solid-state organic lithium metal batteries. Adv. Mater. 36, 2312908 (2024).
154 Li, B. et al. Correlating ligand-to-metal charge transfer with voltage hysteresis in a Li-rich rock-salt compound exhibiting anionic redox. Nat. Chem. 13, 1070-1080 (2021).
155 Hong, J. et al. Metal-oxygen decoordination stabilizes anion redox in Li-rich oxides. Nat. Mater. 18, 256-265 (2019).
156 Li, B. & Xia, D. Anionic redox in rechargeable lithium batteries. Adv. Mater. 29, 1701054 (2017).
157 Seo, D. H. et al. The structural and chemical origin of the oxygen redox activity in layered and cation-disordered Li-excess cathode materials. Nat. Chem. 8, 692-697 (2016).
158 Gao, X. et al. All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries enhanced by redox mediators. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 18188-18195 (2021).
159 Lei, J. et al. An active and durable molecular catalyst for aqueous polysulfide-based redox flow batteries. Nat. Energy 8, 1355-1364 (2023).
160 Park, J. B., Lee, S. H., Jung, H. G., Aurbach, D. & Sun, Y. K. Redox mediators for Li-O2 batteries: status and perspectives. Adv. Mater. 30, 1704162 (2018).
161 Ko, Y. et al. Redox mediators for oxygen reduction reactions in lithium–oxygen batteries: governing kinetics and its implications. Energ Environ Sci 16, 5525-5533 (2023).
162 Askins, E. J. et al. Triarylmethyl cation redox mediators enhance Li-O2 battery discharge capacities. Nat. Chem. 15, 1247-1254 (2023).
163 Lu, Y.-C. et al. Lithium-oxygen batteries: bridging mechanistic understanding and battery performance. Energ Environ Sci 6, 750-768 (2013).
164 Chen, J., Quattrocchi, E., Ciucci, F. & Chen, Y. Charging processes in lithium-oxygen batteries unraveled through the lens of the distribution of relaxation times. Chem 9, 2267-2281 (2023).
165 Kim, J. T. et al. Manipulating Li2S2/Li2S mixed discharge products of all-solid-state lithium sulfur batteries for improved cycle life. Nat. Commun. 14, 6404 (2023).
166 Wang, L. et al. Bidirectionally compatible buffering layer enables highly stable and conductive interface for 4.5 V sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2100881 (2021).
167 Gao, T. et al. Reversible S0/MgSx redox chemistry in a MgTFSI2/MgCl2/DME electrolyte for rechargeable Mg/S batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 13526-13530 (2017).
168 Zhang, J. et al. Unraveling the intra and intercycle interfacial evolution of Li6PS5Cl-based all-solid-state lithium batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 10, 1903311 (2020).
169 Anconina, I. & Golodnitsky, D. Electrophoretically deposited artificial cathode electrolyte interphase for improved performance of NMC622 at high voltage operation. RSC Appl. Interfaces 2, 261-278 (2025).
170 Homma, K. et al. Crystal structure and phase transitions of the lithium ionic conductor Li3PS4. Solid State Ion. 182, 53-58 (2011).
171 Wenzel, S. et al. Interphase formation and degradation of charge transfer kinetics between a lithium metal anode and highly crystalline Li7P3S11 solid electrolyte. Solid State Ion. 286, 24-33 (2016).
172 Kamaya, N. et al. A lithium superionic conductor. Nat. Mater. 10, 682-686 (2011).
173 Toby, B. H. & Von Dreele, R. B. GSAS-II: the genesis of a modern open-source all purpose crystallography software package. Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, 544-549 (2013).
174 Lu, Y., Zhao, C.-Z., Huang, J.-Q. & Zhang, Q. The timescale identification decoupling complicated kinetic processes in lithium batteries. Joule 6, 1172-1198 (2022).
175 Yang, X. et al. A Truxenone-based covalent organic framework as an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery cathode with high capacity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 20385-20389 (2020).
176 Yang, Z. et al. Room-temperature all-solid-state lithium-organic batteries based on sulfide electrolytes and organodisulfide cathodes. Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2102962 (2021).
177 Ji, W. et al. Practically accessible all-solid-state batteries enabled by organosulfide cathodes and sulfide electrolytes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2202919 (2022).
178 Zhou, J. et al. Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li-S batteries. Nature 627, 301-305 (2024).
179 Yin, Y. C. et al. A LaCl3-based lithium superionic conductor compatible with lithium metal. Nature 616, 77–83 (2023).
180 Asano, T. et al. Solid halide electrolytes with high lithium-ion conductivity for application in 4 V class bulk-type all-solid-state batteries. Adv. Mater. 30, e1803075 (2018).
181 Zhou, L. et al. High areal capacity, long cycle life 4 V ceramic all-solid-state Li-ion batteries enabled by chloride solid electrolytes. Nat. Energy 7, 83-93 (2022).
182 Yang, X. Y. et al. A Truxenone-based Covalent Organic Framework as an All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode with High Capacity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 20385-20389 (2020).
183 Ji, W. X. et al. A high-performance organic cathode customized for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries. Energy Storage Mater. 45, 680-686 (2022).
184 Zhou, X. et al. A Highly Stable Li-Organic All-Solid-State Battery Based on Sulfide Electrolytes. Adv. Energy Mater. 12 (2022).
185 Ji, W. X. et al. Polyimide as a durable cathode for all-solid-state Li(Na)-organic batteries with boosted cell-level energy density. Nano Energy 96, 107130 (2022).
186 Gao, Y. J. et al. Reviving Cost-Effective Organic Cathodes in Halide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 63, e202403331 (2024).
187 Song, F. M. et al. In-situ CNT-loaded organic cathodes for sulfide all-solid-state Li metal batteries. Etransportation 18, 100261(2023).
188 Ji, W. X. et al. Practically Accessible All-Solid-State Batteries Enabled by Organosulfide Cathodes and Sulfide Electrolytes. Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 202202919 (2022).
189 Yin, Y. C. et al. A LaCl3-based lithium superionic conductor compatible with lithium metal. Nature 616 (2023).
190 Zhou, J. B. et al. Healable and conductive sulfur iodide for solid-state Li-S batteries. Nature 627, 301-305 (2024).
191 Zhou, L. D. et al. High areal capacity, long cycle life 4 V ceramic all-solid-state Li-ion batteries enabled by chloride solid electrolytes. Nat. Energy 7, 83-93 (2022).
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics