Abstract

This study investigates gender disparities in fertility intentions among Ghanaian couples using matched husband-wife pairs from the 2014 Demographic and Health Survey. Apply- ing bivariate ordered probit models, we analyze how demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural factors shape spousal decisions in reproductive preferences. Key findings reveal: (1) opposing age effects, with older women reporting higher fertility intentions than older men; (2) polygynous husbands demonstrate 38% stronger desire for more children than their wives; and (3) education reduces fertility intentions only for women, highlighting gendered opportunity costs. Results show women’s preferences are more sensitive to contextual factors, though spousal intentions remain strongly correlated, confirming joint household decision-making. The study highlights the importance of examining couples’ interactions in fertility research and demonstrates how gendered power dynamics shape reproductive outcomes. Policy implications emphasize the need for gender-sensitive family planning programs, particularly in polygynous households, and investments in female education to support Ghana’s demographic transition.