References:

Alberts, C., & Durrheim, K. (2018). Future direction of identity research in a context of political struggle: A critical appraisal of Erikson. Identity, 18(4), 295–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/15283488.2018.1523727
Alders, A., Beck, L., Allen, P. B., & Mosinski, B. “Basia.” (2011). Technology in art therapy: Ethical challenges. Art Therapy, 28(4), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2011.622683
Austin, B. D. (2009). Renewing the debate: Digital technology in art therapy and the creative process. Art Therapy, 26(2), 83–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2009.10129745
Barca, T. B., Moltu, C., Veseth, M., Fjellheim, G., & Stige, S. H. (2020). The nature of youth in the eyes of mental-health care workers: Therapists’ conceptualization of adolescents coming to therapy at others’ initiative. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-020-00363-w
Baumgartner, E., Kaplan-Rakowski, R., Ferdig, R. E., Hartshorne, R., & Mouza, C. (2022). A retrospective of teaching, technology, and teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/221522/
Beaumont, S. L. (2012). Art therapy approaches for identity problems during adolescence. Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal, 25(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08322473.2012.11415557
Bell, E. (2015). Young persons in research: A call for the engagement of youth in mental health research. The American Journal of Bioethics, 15(11), 28–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2015.1088977
Branje, S., de Moor, E. L., Spitzer, J., & Becht, A. I. (2021). Dynamics of identity development in adolescence: A decade in review. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 31(4), 908–927. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12678
Bordwell, D., & Thompson, K. (2010). Documentary, experimental, and animated films. In Film Art: An Introduction (9th ed., pp. 349–396). McGraw-Hill.
Brazzale, R., Maddalena, Y., Cozzi, A., & Brazzale, L. (2018). New pathways of intervention for adolescents at clinical high risk of psychosis: Improving meta-representation skills and strengthening identity with video-confrontation techniques. Adolescent Psychiatry, 8(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676608666180605092604
Canadian Art Therapy Association. (n.d.). What is art therapy? https://www.canadianarttherapy.org/what-is-art-therapy
Carlton, N. (2014). Digital culture and art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 41(1), 41–45. https://doi.org/10/1016/j.aip.2013.11.006
Carlton, N. C., Sit, T. S., & Yu, D. R. Y. (2017). Transcending media: Tangible to digital and their mixed reality. In Emerging Perspectives in Art Therapy: Trends, Movements, and Developments (1st ed., pp. 74–90). Routledge.
Cohen, J. (2023). Film/Video-Based therapy and trauma. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315622507
Cohen, J. L., Johnson, J. L., & Orr, P. P. (2015). Video and filmmaking as psychotherapy: Research and practice. Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five traditions. SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Diggs, L. A., Lubas, M. M., & De Leo, G. (2015). Use of technology and software applications for therapeutic collage making. International Journal of Art Therapy, 20(1), 2–13.
Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38(4), 1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127100
Erikson, E. (1959). Theory of identity development. In Identity and The Life Cycle (pp. 42–57). International Universities Press. https://www.bpi.edu/ourpages/auto/2018/11/21/57748242/theory%20of%20identity%20erikson.pdf
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth, and crisis (1st ed.). W. W. Norton.
Fang, L., & Huang, Y. (2020). “I’m in between”: Cultural identities of Chinese youth in Canada. Families in Society the Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 101(2), 205–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044389419891333
Fimiani, F., Saladino, V., Sabatino, A. C., Pastorino, G. M. G., Petruccelli, F., Verrastro, V., Operto, F. F., & Coppola, G. (2021). Therapeutic filmmaking, strategic psychotherapy and autism spectrum disorder: An Integrated approach. Journal of Psychological and Educational Research, 29(2), 56–89. https://www.iris.unisa.it/handle/11386/4773482
Gagliano, A., Costanza, C., Bazzoni, M., Falcioni, L., Rizzi, M., Abbate, C. S., Vetri, L., Roccella, M., Guglielmi, M., Livio, F., Ingrassia, M., & Benedetto, L. (2023). Effectiveness of an educational filmmaking project in Ppromoting the psychological well-being of adolescents with emotive/behavioural problems. Healthcare, 11(12), 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11121695
Giguère, B., Lalonde, R., & Lou, E. (2010). Living at the crossroads of cultural worlds: The experience of normative conflicts by second generation immigrant youth. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00228.x
Goitom, M. (2017). “Unconventional Canadians”: Second-Generation “Habesha” youth and belonging in Toronto, Canada. Global Social Welfare, 4(4), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40609-017 0098-0
Golden, T. (2020). Reframing photovoice: Building on the method to develop more equitable and responsive research practices. Qualitative Health Research, 30(6), 960–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732320905564
Government of Canada. (2019, May 27). Strategy for patient-oriented research-patient engagement framework. Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Retrieved September 7, 2025, from https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/48413.html
Johnson, J. L., & Alderson, K. G. (2007). Therapeutic filmmaking: An exploratory pilot study. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2007.08.004
Kim, J., & Chung, Y. J. (2023). A case study of group art therapy using digital media for adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1172079
Klassen, B. (2021). Roll sound, camera ready, therapy: Using filmmaking in a therapeutic practice [MA Thesis, Winnipeg Holistic Expressive Arts Therapy (WHEAT) Institute]. https://www.deepfocusarttherapy.com/uploads/1/2/9/2/129209486/roll_sound_camera_ready_therapy_-_2021_wheat_diploma_thesis_-_bevan_klassen_-_final_web_version.pdf
Kirshner, B., O’Donoghue, J., & McLaughlin, M. (2005). Youth-adult research collaborations: Bringing youth voice to the research process. In Organized Activities As Contexts of Development (1st ed., pp. 133–155). Psychology Press.
Malchiodi, C.A. (2015). Handbook of art therapy (2nd edition). Guilford Press.
Malchiodi, C. A., & Johnson, E. R. (2013). Digital art therapy with hospitalized children. In Art Therapy and Health Care (pp. 106–121). Guilford Press. https://books.google.ca/books?id=IktwddZWp4MC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Marceau, S. G., & Martin, P. M. (2018). ‘Dialogue divides if it is not fair’: Québec First Nations’ youth call for responsive spaces of citizenship. Social & Cultural Geography, 21(6), 767–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2018.1514648
Mei, T., Yang, B., Yang, S., & Hua, X. (2008). Video collage: Presenting a video sequence using a single image. The Visual Computer, 25(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00371-008-0282-4
Olesen, E. S. B. (2021). Self-Filming as a method in youth research. In T. Wulf-Andersen, R. Follesø, & T. Olsen (Eds.), Involving Methods In Youth Research: Reflections On Participation and Power (pp. 73–93). Springer Nature.
Parisian, K. (2015). Identity formation: Art therapy and an adolescent’s search for self and belonging. Art Therapy, 32(3), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.1061257
Ramirez, M. (1983). A psychology of the Americas. In A. P. Goldstein & L. Krasner (Eds.), Psychology of the Americas: Mestizo perspectives on personality and mental health (pp. 1–19). Pergamon Press Canada.
Rodríguez, L. F., & Brown, T. M. (2009). From voice to agency: Guiding principles for participatory action research with youth. New Directions for Youth Development, 2009(123), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.312
Sackett, C. R., & Dogan, J. N. (2019). An exploration of Black teens’ experiences of their own racial identity through photovoice: Implications for counselors. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 47(3), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12140
Sebre, S. B., & Miltuze, A. (2021). Digital media as a medium for adolescent identity development. Technology Knowledge and Learning, 26(4), 867–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09499-1
Statistics Canada. (2021, September 30). Classification of generation status. https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3VD.pl?Function=getVD&TVD=117200&CVD=117200&CLV=0&MLV=1&D=1
Stige, B., & Strand, R. (2016). Philosophical inquiries [eBook]. In K. Murphy & B. Wheeler (Eds.), Music therapy research (3rd ed., pp. 1064–1082). Barcelona Publishers. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=1289597
Strack, R. W., Magill, C., & McDonagh, K. (2004). Engaging youth through photovoice. Health Promotion Practice, 5(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839903258015
Tastsoglou, E., & Petrinioti, S. (2011). Multiculturalism as part of the lived experience of the “second generation”?: Forging identities by Lebanese-Origin youth in Halifax. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 43(1–2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2011.0002
Telzer, E. H., Dai, J., Capella, J. J., Sobrino, M., & Garrett, S. L. (2022). Challenging stereotypes of teens: Reframing adolescence as window of opportunity. American Psychologist, 77(9), 1067–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001109
Van Straaten, D., Wilschut, A., & Oostdam, R. (2015). Making history relevant to students by connecting past, present and future: A framework for research. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 48(4), 479–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2015.1089938
Varadi, A. (2025). “TikTok isn’t a hobby”: Social media(ted) connections, identities, and leisure among contemporary Canadian high school-aged youth. Youth & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x251338315
Wan, J. (2023). From surviving to thriving: Emotion-focused documentary filmmaking as therapy. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 22(4), 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2023.2212387
Wang, C. C. (2006). Youth participation in photovoice as a strategy for community change. Journal of Community Practice, 14(1–2), 147–161. https://doi.org/10.1300/j125v14n01_09
Wang, G., Kim, Y., & Oh, Y. (2018). A case study on the collage art therapy for immigrant youths. Education and Information Technologies, 24(2), 1115–1129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9819-y
Woolhiser Stallings, J. (2016). Collage as an expressive medium in art therapy. In D. E. Gussak & M. L. Rosal (Eds.), The Wiley Handbook of Art Therapy Chapter (1st ed., pp. 163–170). John Wiley & Sons.
World Health Organization. (n.d.). Adolescent health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1
Zăvoianu, A., & Ioanid, A. (2024). Experimental film between art and technology. SEA - Practical Application of Science, 12(35), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.70147/s35103110
Zhang, Y., & Qin, P. (2023). Comprehensive review: Understanding adolescent identity. Studies in Psychological Science, 1(2), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.56397/sps.2023.09.02
Zimic, S. (2015). Understanding the notion of “net generation”: The use of collage in young people’s descriptions of their own age group. In “In Search of . . .”: New Methodological Approaches to Youth Research (pp. 34–53). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Zubala, A., Kennell, N., & Hackett, S. (2021). Art therapy in the digital world: An integrative review of current practice and Future Directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600070