Vakilifard, Hamideh (2026) Development of New High Entropy Zirconate Topcoats for Thermal Barrier Coatings. PhD thesis, Concordia University.
![[thumbnail of Vakilifard_PhD_F2026.pdf]](https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/style/images/fileicons/text.png) |
Text (application/pdf)
8MBVakilifard_PhD_F2026.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only until 10 April 2028. Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
Advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are critical for enabling higher operating temperatures and improving the efficiency of gas turbines. Although yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) remains the industrial benchmark, its susceptibility to phase instability and sintering at elevated temperatures motivates the development of alternative topcoat materials. High entropy zirconates (HEZ) have recently emerged as promising candidates, owing to their reported high-temperature phase stability and sluggish diffusion behavior. In this work, two equiatomic HEZ compositions, (Y₀.₂Nd₀.₂Gd₀.₂Sm₀.₂Dy₀.₂)₂Zr₂O₇ and (Y₀.₂Nd₀.₂Gd₀.₂La₀.₂Eu₀.₂)₂Zr₂O₇, were synthesized via the solid-state reaction method and systematically evaluated. Both compositions exhibited a pyrochlore structure and remained single-phase after heat treatment at 1500 °C for 100 h. Upon thermal spraying the first composition, it transformed into a fluorite structure and retained a single-phase state in the as-sprayed condition. This composition was selected for coating development and, for the first time, deposited using axial suspension plasma spray (SPS). By tailoring spray parameters, dense vertically cracked (~11 cracks/mm) and columnar (~19 columns/mm) microstructures were deposited. HEZ coatings were deposited on a 50 μm YSZ interlayer, and YSZ coatings with comparable microstructures were prepared as reference TBC systems. Isothermal oxidation testing at 1000°C and 1150°C showed that HEZ coatings developed thinner thermally grown oxide (TGO) layers and exhibited reduced sintering and densification compared to YSZ. The DVC HEZ structure demonstrated the most favorable performance. Under CMAS exposure, HEZ coatings exhibited an interaction mechanism fundamentally different from that of YSZ, dominated by near-surface chemical immobilization rather than deep melt infiltration. In both columnar and DVC HEZ microstructures, a dense Zr-rich reaction band with an underlying multicomponent apatite phase formed rapidly and stabilized, effectively arresting CMAS penetration for exposure times up to 96 hours at 1350 °C. In contrast, YSZ did not develop any reaction layer, and CMAS transport was governed by grain-boundary and inter-splat infiltration accompanied by thermal coarsening. Overall, this thesis provides the first comprehensive assessment of SPS-deposited HEZ topcoats, demonstrating their oxidation and CMAS resistance and offering new insights into the role of chemistry-microstructure coupling in the design of next-generation TBC systems.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) |
| Authors: | Vakilifard, Hamideh |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | Ph. D. |
| Program: | Mechanical Engineering |
| Date: | 16 February 2026 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | moreau, christian and pugh, martin |
| Keywords: | Thermal spray, Thermal barrier coating, High entropy zirconate, Topcoat |
| ID Code: | 997102 |
| Deposited By: | Hamideh Vakilifard |
| Deposited On: | 29 Jun 2026 18:00 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jun 2026 18:00 |
References:
[1] N.P. Padture, M. Gell, E.H. Jordan, Thermal Barrier Coatings for Gas-Turbine Engine Applications, Science’s Compass 296 (2002) 280–284.[2] D.R. Clarke, M. Oechsner, N.P. Padture, Thermal-barrier coatings for more efficient gas-turbine engines, MRS Bull. 37 (2012) 891–898. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2012.232.
[3] J.P. Bons, J. Crosby, J.E. Wammack, B.I. Bentley, T.H. Fletcher, High Pressure Turbine Deposition In Land Based Gas Turbines, in: Proceedings of GT2005, ASME, 2005: pp. 1–9.
[4] M.I. Boulos, P.L. Fauchais, J.V.R. Heberlein, Thermal Spray Fundamentals from Powder to Part Second Edition, 2021.
[5] R. Vaßen, E. Bakan, D.E. Mack, O. Guillon, A Perspective on Thermally Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: Current Status and Trends, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 31 (2022) 685–698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-022-01330-2.
[6] A. Feuerstein, J. Knapp, T. Taylor, A. Ashary, A. Bolcavage, N. Hitchman, Technical and economical aspects of current thermal barrier coating systems for gas turbine engines by thermal spray and EBPVD: A review, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 17 (2008) 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-007-9148-y.
[7] N. Curry, N. Markocsan, X.H. Li, A. Tricoire, M. Dorfman, Next generation thermal barrier coatings for the gas turbine industry, in: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2011: pp. 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-010-9593-x.
[8] Z.-Y. Wei, G.-H. Meng, L. Chen, G.-R. Li, M.-J. Liu, W.-X. Zhang, L.-N. Zhao, Q. Zhang, X.-D. Zhang, C.-L. Wan, Z.-X. Qu, L. Chen, J. Feng, L. Liu, H. Dong, Z.-B. Bao, X.-F. Zhao, X.-F. Zhang, L. Guo, L. Wang, B. Cheng, W.-W. Zhang, P.-Y. Xu, G.-J. Yang, H.-N. Cai, H. Cui, Y. Wang, F.-X. Ye, Z. Ma, W. Pan, M. Liu, K.-S. Zhou, C.-J. Li, Progress in ceramic materials and structure design toward advanced thermal barrier coatings, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 11 (2022) 985–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0581-7.
[9] R.S. Lima, Perspectives on thermal gradients in porous ZrO2-7-8 wt.% Y2O3 (YSZ) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) Manufactured by Air Plasma Spray (APS), Coatings 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090812.
[10] E. Bakan, R. Vaßen, Ceramic Top Coats of Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: Materials, Processes, and Properties, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 26 (2017) 992–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0597-7.
[11] G. Witz, M. Schaudinn, J. Sopka, T. Buecklers, Development of Advanced Thermal Barrier Coatings With Improved Temperature Capability, J. Eng. Gas Turbine. Power 139 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4035903.
[12] E. V. Dudnik, S.N. Lakiza, N.I. Hrechanyuk, A.K. Ruban, V.P. Red’ko, M.S. Hlabay, A.B. Myloserdov, The Gd2Zr2O7-Based Materials for Thermal Barrier Coatings, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 57 (2018) 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-018-9983-z.
[13] E. Bakan, D.E. Mack, G. Mauer, R. Vaßen, Gadolinium zirconate/YSZ thermal barrier coatings: Plasma spraying, microstructure, and thermal cycling behavior, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97 (2014) 4045–4051. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13204.
[14] R. Vassen, X. Cao, F. Tietz, D. Basu, D. Stöver, Zirconates as new materials for thermal barrier coatings, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 83 (2000) 2023–2028. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2000.tb01506.x.
[15] S. Mahade, N. Curry, S. Björklund, N. Markocsan, S. Joshi, Durability of gadolinium zirconate/YSZ double-layered thermal barrier coatings under different thermal cyclic test conditions, Materials 12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142238.
[16] J. Zhang, X. Guo, Y.G. Jung, L. Li, J. Knapp, Lanthanum zirconate based thermal barrier coatings: A review, Surf. Coat. Technol. 323 (2017) 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.019.
[17] J.W. Yeh, Alloy design strategies and future trends in high-entropy alloys, JOM 65 (2013) 1759–1771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0761-6.
[18] J.W. Yeh, S.J. Lin, Breakthrough applications of high-entropy materials, J. Mater. Res. 33 (2018) 3129–3137. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.283.
[19] B.S. Murty, J.W. Yeh, S. Ranganathan, High-entropy alloys, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014.
[20] H. Shahbazi, H. Vakilifrd, R.B. Nair, A.C. Liberati, R.S. Lima, C. Moreau, High Entropy Alloy (HEA) Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)—A Review, in: Thermal Spray Proceedings, ITSC 2023, 2023. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2023p0659.
[21] H. Vakilifard, H. Shahbazi, A.C. Liberati, R.B.N. Saraswathy, R.S. Lima, M.D. Pugh, C. Moreau, High Entropy Oxides as Promising Materials for Thermal Barrier Topcoats: A Review, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 33 (2024) 447–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-024-01744-0.
[22] S. Akrami, P. Edalati, M. Fuji, K. Edalati, High-entropy ceramics: Review of principles, production and applications, Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports 146 (2021) 100644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2021.100644.
[23] H. Xiang, Y. Xing, F. zhi Dai, H. Wang, L. Su, L. Miao, G. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Qi, L. Yao, H. Wang, B. Zhao, J. Li, Y. Zhou, High-entropy ceramics: Present status, challenges, and a look forward, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 10 (2021) 385–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-021-0477-y.
[24] R.S. Lima, Porous APS YSZ TBC Manufactured at High Powder Feed Rate (100 g/min) and Deposition Efficiency (70%): Microstructure, Bond Strength and Thermal Gradients, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 31 (2022) 396–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01302-y.
[25] A. Kucuk, C.C. Berndt, U. Senturk, R.S. Lima, C.R.C. Lima, Influence of plasma spray parameters on mechanical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia coatings. I: Four point bend test, 2000. www.elsevier.com/locate/msea.
[26] R.S. Lima, B.R. Marple, Thermal spray coatings engineered from nanostructured ceramic agglomerated powders for structural, thermal barrier and biomedical applications: A review, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 16 (2007) 40–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-006-9010-7.
[27] M. Prystay, P. Gougeon, C. Moreau, Structure of Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Coatings Tailored by Controlling the Temperature and Velocity of the Sprayed Particles, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 10 (2001) 67–75.
[28] A. Vardelle, C. Moreau, N.J. Themelis, C. Chazelas, A Perspective on Plasma Spray Technology, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 35 (2015) 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9600-y.
[29] A. Ganvir, Design of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings, 2018.
[30] S. Mahade, N. Curry, S. Björklund, N. Markocsan, P. Nylén, Engineered thermal barrier coatings deposited by suspension plasma spray, Mater. Lett. 209 (2017) 517–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.08.096.
[31] M. Aghasibeig, F. Tarasi, R.S. Lima, A. Dolatabadi, C. Moreau, A Review on Suspension Thermal Spray Patented Technology Evolution, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 28 (2019) 1579–1605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-019-00904-x.
[32] L. Łatka, Thermal Barrier Coatings Manufactured by Suspension Plasma Spraying - A Review, Advances in Materials Science 18 (2018) 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0044.
[33] D. Zhou, O. Guillon, R. Vaßen, Development of YSZ thermal barrier coatings using axial suspension plasma spraying, Coatings 7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7080120.
[34] R. Vassen, H. Kassner, G. Mauer, D. Stöver, Suspension plasma spraying: Process characteristics and applications, in: Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2010: pp. 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-009-9451-x.
[35] R. McPHERSON, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MECHANISM OF FORMATION, MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PLASMA- SPRAYED COATINGS, Thin Solid Films 83 (1981) 297–310.
[36] S. Mahade, D. Zhou, N. Curry, N. Markocsan, P. Nylén, R. Vaßen, Tailored microstructures of gadolinium zirconate/YSZ multi-layered thermal barrier coatings produced by suspension plasma spray: Durability and erosion testing, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 264 (2019) 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.09.016.
[37] C.U.I. Tong, W. Ji-jie, G. Ren-guo, C. Li-qing, Q.I.U. Gumming, Microstructures and Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings Plasma-Sprayed by Nanostructured Zirconia, (2007).
[38] G. Dwivedi, V. Viswanathan, S. Sampath, A. Shyam, E. Lara-Curzio, Fracture toughness of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier ceramics: Influence of processing, microstructure, and thermal aging, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97 (2014) 2736–2744. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13021.
[39] K. VanEvery, M.J.M. Krane, R.W. Trice, Parametric study of suspension plasma spray processing parameters on coating microstructures manufactured from nanoscale yttria-stabilized zirconia, Surf. Coat. Technol. 206 (2012) 2464–2473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.10.051.
[40] R.B. Nair, G. Perumal, A. McDonald, Effect of Microstructure on Wear and Corrosion Performance of Thermally Sprayed AlCoCrFeMo High‐Entropy Alloy Coatings, Adv. Eng. Mater. 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202101713.
[41] C.M. Rost, E. Sachet, T. Borman, A. Moballegh, E.C. Dickey, D. Hou, J.L. Jones, S. Curtarolo, J.P. Maria, Entropy-stabilized Oxides, Nat. Commun. 6 (2015) 8485. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9485.
[42] K. Chen, X. Pei, L. Tang, H. Cheng, Z. Li, C. Li, X. Zhang, L. An, A five-component entropy-stabilized fluorite oxide, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38 (2018) 4161–4164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.04.063.
[43] Y.F. Ye, Q. Wang, J. Lu, C.T. Liu, Y. Yang, High-entropy alloy: challenges and prospects, Materials Today 19 (2016) 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.11.026.
[44] G. Anand, A.P. Wynn, C.M. Handley, C.L. Freeman, Phase stability and distortion in high-entropy oxides, Acta Mater. 146 (2018) 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.037.
[45] Y.P. Wang, G.Y. Gan, W. Wang, Y. Yang, B.Y. Tang, Ab Initio Prediction of Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Ultrahigh Temperature High-Entropy Ceramics (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2M0.2Ti0.2)B2 (M = Nb, Mo, Cr), Phys. Status Solidi B Basic Res. 255 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201800011.
[46] T. Wen, B. Ye, H. Liu, S. Ning, C.Z. Wang, Y. Chu, Formation criterion for binary metal diboride solid solutions established through combinatorial methods, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 103 (2020) 3338–3348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.16983.
[47] Y. Yang, W. Wang, G.Y. Gan, X.F. Shi, B.Y. Tang, Structural, mechanical and electronic properties of (TaNbHfTiZr)C high entropy carbide under pressure: Ab initio investigation, Physica B Condens. Matter 550 (2018) 163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2018.09.014.
[48] D. Liu, T. Wen, B. Ye, Y. Chu, Synthesis of superfine high-entropy metal diboride powders, Scr. Mater. 167 (2019) 110–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.03.038.
[49] T. Wen, H. Liu, B. Ye, D. Liu, Y. Chu, High-entropy alumino-silicides: a novel class of high-entropy ceramics, Sci. China Mater. 63 (2020) 300–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-019-9585-3.
[50] B. Ye, T. Wen, M.C. Nguyen, L. Hao, C.Z. Wang, Y. Chu, First-principles study, fabrication and characterization of (Zr 0.25 Nb 0.25 Ti 0.25 V 0.25 )C high-entropy ceramics, Acta Mater. 170 (2019) 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.03.021.
[51] J. Liu, G. Shao, D. Liu, K. Chen, K. Wang, B. Ma, K. Ren, Y. Wang, Design and synthesis of chemically complex ceramics from the perspective of entropy, Mater. Today Adv. 8 (2020) 100114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtadv.2020.100114.
[52] H. Yang, G. Lin, H. Bu, H. Liu, L. Yang, W. Wang, X. Lin, C. Fu, Y. Wang, C. Zeng, Single-phase forming ability of high-entropy ceramics from a size disorder perspective: A case study of (La0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 6956–6965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.252.
[53] Q.F. He, Z.Y. Ding, Y.F. Ye, Y. Yang, Design of High-Entropy Alloy: A Perspective from Nonideal Mixing, JOM 69 (2017) 2092–2098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2452-1.
[54] X. Yang, Y. Zhang, Prediction of high-entropy stabilized solid-solution in multi-component alloys, Mater. Chem. Phys. 132 (2012) 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.11.021.
[55] Y. Zhang, T.T. Zuo, Z. Tang, M.C. Gao, K.A. Dahmen, P.K. Liaw, Z.P. Lu, Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys, Prog. Mater. Sci. 61 (2014) 1–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.10.001.
[56] P. Hutterer, M. Lepple, Influence of composition on structural evolution of high-entropy zirconates—cationic radius ratio and atomic size difference, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 106 (2022) 1547–1560. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.18832.
[57] P. Sarker, T. Harrington, C. Toher, C. Oses, M. Samiee, J.P. Maria, D.W. Brenner, K.S. Vecchio, S. Curtarolo, High-entropy high-hardness metal carbides discovered by entropy descriptors, Nat. Commun. 9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07160-7.
[58] L. Spiridigliozzi, C. Ferone, R. Cioffi, G. Dell’Agli, A simple and effective predictor to design novel fluorite-structured High Entropy Oxides (HEOs), Acta Mater. 202 (2021) 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.10.061.
[59] K.C. Pitike, A. Macias, M. Eisenbach, C.A. Bridges, V.R. Cooper, Computationally Accelerated Discovery of High Entropy Pyrochlore Oxides, Chemistry of Materials 34 (2022) 1459–1472. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c02361.
[60] M.C. Gao, D.B. Miracle, D. Maurice, X. Yan, Y. Zhang, J.A. Hawk, High-entropy functional materials, J. Mater. Res. 33 (2018) 3138–3155. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.323.
[61] M.C. Gao, C. Zhang, P. Gao, F. Zhang, L.Z. Ouyang, M. Widom, J.A. Hawk, Thermodynamics of concentrated solid solution alloys, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 21 (2017) 238–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossms.2017.08.001.
[62] R.Z. Zhang, M.J. Reece, Review of high entropy ceramics: design, synthesis, structure and properties, J. Mater. Chem. A Mater. 7 (2019) 22148–22162. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05698j.
[63] L. Xu, L. Su, H. Wang, H. Gao, P. Guo, M. Niu, K. Peng, L. Zhuang, Z. Dai, High-entropy Sm2B2O7 (B=Ti, Zr, Sn, Hf, Y, Yb, Nb, and Ta) oxides with highly disordered B-site cations for ultralow thermal conductivity, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 119 (2022) 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.12.038.
[64] W. Sang, H. Zhang, H. Zhang, X. Liu, X. Chen, W. Xie, R. Hou, H. Ma, S. Li, N. Wang, X. Li, Novel (Sm0.2Lu0.2Yb0.2Y0.2Dy0.2)3TaO7 high-entropy ceramic for thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. 49 (2023) 9052–9059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.11.061.
[65] A. Tang, B. Li, W. Sang, Z. Hongsong, X. Chen, H. Zhang, B. Ren, Thermophysical performances of high-entropy (La0.2Nd0.2Yb0.2Y0.2Sm0.2)2Ce2O7 and (La0.2Nd0.2Yb0.2Y0.2Lu0.2)2Ce2O7 oxides, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 5574–5580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.101.
[66] L. Xu, H. Gao, X. He, M. Niu, Z. Dai, H. Ni, L. Su, H. Wang, Understanding the CMAS corrosion behavior of high-entropy (La0.2Sm0.2Er0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)2Ce2O7, Journal of the American Ceramic Society (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.20355.
[67] J. Zhang, J. Zhu, J. Zheng, Y. Li, S. Zhang, K. Wang, K. Yang, M. Li, H. Wang, J. He, High temperature thermal shock resistance of plasma-sprayed high-entropy (Y0.2Yb0.2Ho0.2Er0.2Tm0.2)2Hf2O7 coating, Journal of the American Ceramic Society (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.20664.
[68] L. Cong, W. Li, J. Wang, S. Gu, S. zhang, High-entropy (Y0.2Gd0.2Dy0.2Er0.2Yb0.2)2Hf2O7 ceramic: A promising thermal barrier coating material, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 101 (2022) 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.05.054.
[69] M.A. Subramanian, G. Aravamudan, G.V.S. Rao, Oxide Pyrochlores A Review, Prog. Solid State Chem 15 (1983) 55–143.
[70] F. Qun-bo, Z. Feng, W. Fu-chi, W. Lu, Molecular dynamics calculation of thermal expansion coefficient of a series of rare-earth zirconates, Comput. Mater. Sci. 46 (2009) 716–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2009.02.033.
[71] P.K. Schelling, S.R. Phillpot, R.W. Grimes, Optimum pyrochlore compositions for low thermal conductivity, Philos. Mag. Lett. 84 (2004) 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500830310001646699.
[72] J. Gild, M. Samiee, J.L. Braun, T. Harrington, H. Vega, P.E. Hopkins, K. Vecchio, J. Luo, High-entropy fluorite oxides, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38 (2018) 3578–3584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.04.010.
[73] J. Sun, L. Guo, Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, K. Fan, Y. Tang, Superior phase stability of high entropy oxide ceramic in a wide temperature range, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 (2022) 5053–5064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.05.007.
[74] Z. Zhao, H. Chen, H. Xiang, F.Z. Dai, X. Wang, W. Xu, K. Sun, Z. Peng, Y. Zhou, (Y0.25Yb0.25Er0.25Lu0.25)2(Zr0.5Hf0.5)2O7: A defective fluorite structured high entropy ceramic with low thermal conductivity and close thermal expansion coefficient to Al2O3, Material Science & Technology 39 (2020) 167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.08.018.
[75] A.J. Wright, Q. Wang, C. Huang, A. Nieto, R. Chen, J. Luo, From high-entropy ceramics to compositionally-complex ceramics: A case study of fluorite oxides, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 (2020) 2120–2129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.01.015.
[76] D. Song, T. Song, U. Paik, G. Lyu, Y.G. Jung, H.B. Jeon, Y.S. Oh, Glass-like thermal conductivity in mass-disordered high-entropy (Y,Yb)2(Ti, Zr, Hf)2O7 for thermal barrier material, Mater. Des. 210 (2021) 110059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110059.
[77] D. Zhang, Y. Yu, X. Feng, Z. Tian, R. Song, Thermal barrier coatings with high-entropy oxide as a top coat, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 1349–1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.219.
[78] Z. Zhao, H. Xiang, F.Z. Dai, Z. Peng, Y. Zhou, (La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)2Zr2O: A novel high-entropy ceramic with low thermal conductivity and sluggish grain growth rate, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35 (2019) 2647–2651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2019.05.054.
[79] X. Luo, L. Luo, X. Zhao, H. Cai, S. Duan, C. Xu, S. Huang, H. Jin, S. Hou, Single-phase rare-earth high-entropy zirconates with superior thermal and mechanical properties, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 (2022) 2391–2399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.12.080.
[80] K. Ren, Q. Wang, G. Shao, X. Zhao, Y. Wang, Multicomponent high-entropy zirconates with comprehensive properties for advanced thermal barrier coating, Scr. Mater. 178 (2020) 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.12.006.
[81] F. Li, L. Zhou, J.X. Liu, Y. Liang, G.J. Zhang, High-entropy pyrochlores with low thermal conductivity for thermal barrier coating materials, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 8 (2019) 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-019-0342-4.
[82] Z.G. Liu, J.H. Ouyang, K.N. Sun, Y. Zhou, J. Xiang, Preparation, structure and electrical conductivity of pyrochlore-type Gd1-xEu2xSm1-xZr2O7 ceramics with a constant lattice parameter, Electrochim. Acta 56 (2011) 7045–7050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.001.
[83] X. Luo, R. Huang, C. Xu, S. Huang, S. Hou, H. Jin, Designing high-entropy rare-earth zirconates with tunable thermophysical properties for thermal barrier coatings, J. Alloys Compd. (2022) 166714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166714.
[84] M. Ma, Y. Han, Z. Zhao, J. Feng, Y. Chu, Ultrafine-grained high-entropy zirconates with superior mechanical and thermal properties, J Mat (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2022.09.014.
[85] L. Zhou, F. Li, J.X. Liu, Q. Hu, W. Bao, Y. Wu, X. Cao, F. Xu, G.J. Zhang, High-entropy thermal barrier coating of rare-earth zirconate: A case study on (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 (2020) 5731–5739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.07.061.
[86] S. Deng, G. He, Z. Yang, J. Wang, J. Li, L. Jiang, Calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) resistant high entropy ceramic (Y0.2Gd0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7 for thermal barrier coatings, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 107 (2022) 259–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.07.053.
[87] R. Yan, W. Liang, Q. Miao, H. Zhao, R. Liu, J. Li, K. Zang, M. Dong, X. He, X. Gao, Y. Song, Mechanical, thermal and CMAS resistance properties of high-entropy (Gd0.2Y0.2Er0.2Tm0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 ceramics, Ceram. Int. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.03.205.
[88] X. Luo, S. Huang, R. Huang, C. Xu, S. Hou, H. Jin, Highly anti-sintering and toughened pyrochlore (Dy0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramic for advanced thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.04.173.
[89] R. Vaßen, F. Traeger, D. Stöver, New Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on Pyrochlore/YSZ Double-Layer Systems, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 1 (2004) 352. www.ceramics.org/ACT.
[90] F. Li, L. Zhou, J.X. Liu, Y. Liang, G.J. Zhang, High-entropy pyrochlores with low thermal conductivity for thermal barrier coating materials, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 8 (2019) 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-019-0342-4.
[91] Y.H. Lee, H.S. Sheu, J.P. Deng, H.C.I. Kao, Preparation and fluorite-pyrochlore phase transformation in Gd2Zr2O7, J. Alloys Compd. 487 (2009) 595–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.08.021.
[92] K. Kaur, G. King, A.P. Grosvenor, Examining Order-Disorder Structural Transition of Gd2Zr2-xCexO7 Using Synchrotron Techniques, Inorg. Chem. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c04795.
[93] Y. Ji, J. Shi, H. Feng, Y. Wei, Z. Qu, Effect of Order-Disorder Transition on Thermal Conductivity of Gd2Zr2O7Ceramics, in: J. Phys. Conf. Ser., IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1948/1/012224.
[94] J. Shi, Z. Qu, Q. Wang, Influence of temperature on the order-disorder transition in Gd2Zr2O7, in: Key Eng. Mater., Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2016: pp. 386–389. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.697.386.
[95] E. V. Dudnik, S.N. Lakiza, N.I. Hrechanyuk, A.K. Ruban, V.P. Red’ko, M.S. Hlabay, A.B. Myloserdov, The Gd2Zr2O7-Based Materials for Thermal Barrier Coatings, Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 57 (2018) 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-018-9983-z.
[96] H. Khan, Y. Iqbal, M. Khan, Y. Zeng, Variations in the thermal conductivity of La2Zr2O7 and Gd2Zr2O7 with variable La/Gd concentrations, Physica B 614 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2021.413018.
[97] X. Cao, R. Vassen, W. Fischer, F. Tietz, W. Jungen, D. Stöver, Lanthanum-cerium oxide as a thermal barrier-coating material for high-temperature applications, Advanced Materials 15 (2003) 1438–1442. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200304132.
[98] S.Y. Park, J.H. Kim, M.C. Kim, H.S. Song, C.G. Park, Microscopic observation of degradation behavior in yttria and ceria stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings under hot corrosion, Surf. Coat. Technol. 190 (2005) 357–365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.04.065.
[99] W.B. Gong, C.K. Sha, D.Q. Sun, W.Q. Wang, Microstructures and thermal insulation capability of plasma-sprayed nanostructured ceria stabilized zirconia coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 3109–3115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.06.041.
[100] D. Jingmin, L. Kui, S. Weiwei, C. Xiaoge, L. Mengwei, X. Chuanyue, W. Zhuang, L. Xinchun, W. Bin, Z. Hongsong, Influence of Ta2O5 Addition on Thermophysical Performance of Sm2Ce2O7, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 30 (2021) 5947–5952.
[101] H. Dai, X. Zhong, J. Li, J. Meng, X. Cao, Neodymium–cerium oxide as new thermal barrier coating material, Surf. Coat. Technol. 201 (2006) 2527–2533. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.016.
[102] L. Lilin, L. Bin, S. Weiwei, Z. Hongsong, Z. Haoming, C. Xiaoge, T. An, Thermophysical properties of (La0.25Sm0.25Gd0.25Yb0.25)2Ce2+xO7+2x(x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) high entropy oxides, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 14980–14986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.12.054.
[103] H. Zhang, L. Zhao, W. Sang, X. Chen, A. Tang, H. Zhang, Thermophysical performances of (La1/6Nd1/6Yb1/6Y1/6Sm1/6Lu1/6)2Ce2O7 high-entropy ceramics for thermal barrier coating applications, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 1512–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.172.
[104] L. Xu, H. Wang, L. Su, D. Lu, K. Peng, H. Gao, A new class of high-entropy fluorite oxides with tunable expansion coefficients, low thermal conductivity and exceptional sintering resistance, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 (2021) 6670–6676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.05.043.
[105] L. Xu, L. Su, H. Wang, H. Gao, D. Lu, K. Peng, M. Niu, Z. Cai, Tuning stoichiometry of high-entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 105 (2022) 1548–1557. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.18155.
[106] H. Chen, Z. Zhao, H. Xiang, F.Z. Dai, W. Xu, K. Sun, J. Liu, Y. Zhou, High entropy (Y0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2Eu0.2Er0.2)3Al5O12: A novel high temperature stable thermal barrier material, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 48 (2020) 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.01.056.
[107] K.V.G. Kutty, S. Rajagopalan, C.K. Mathews, U. V Varadaraju, Thermal expansion behaviour of some rare earth oxide pyrochlores, Mater. Res. Bull. 29 (1994) 759–766.
[108] S. Gu, S. Zhang, F. Liu, Y. Liang, W. Li, Microstructure and thermal shock performance of Y2Hf2O7 coating deposited on SiC coated C/C composite, Appl. Surf. Sci. 455 (2018) 849–855. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.073.
[109] L. Cong, S. zhang, S. Gu, W. Li, Thermophysical properties of a novel high entropy hafnate ceramic, J Mat Sci Tech 85 (2021) 152–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.02.005.
[110] F. Ye, F. Meng, T. Luo, H. Qi, The CMAS corrosion behavior of high-entropy (Y0.2Dy0.2Er0.2Tm0.2Yb0.2)4Hf3O12 hafnate material prepared by ultrafast high-temperature sintering (UHS), J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 43 (2023) 2185–2195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.12.011.
[111] J. Zhu, X. Meng, J. Xu, P. Zhang, Z. Lou, M.J. Reece, F. Gao, Ultra-low thermal conductivity and enhanced mechanical properties of high-entropy rare earth niobates (RE3NbO7, RE = Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Yb), J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 (2021) 1052–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.08.070.
[112] Z. Zhao, H. Chen, H. Xiang, F.Z. Dai, X. Wang, W. Xu, K. Sun, Z. Peng, Y. Zhou, High entropy defective fluorite structured rare-earth niobates and tantalates for thermal barrier applications, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 9 (2020) 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0368-7.
[113] R. Vaßen, M.O. Jarligo, T. Steinke, D.E. Mack, D. Stöver, Overview on advanced thermal barrier coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol. 205 (2010) 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.08.151.
[114] J. He, Advanced MCrAlY alloys with doubled TBC lifetime, Surf. Coat. Technol. 448 (2022) 128931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128931.
[115] D. Song, M. Ryu, J. Pyeon, H.-B. Jeon, T. Song, U. Paik, B. Yang, Y.-G. Jung, Y.-S. Oh, Phase-reassembled high-entropy fluorites for advanced thermal barrier materials, Journal of Materials Research and Technology 23 (2023) 2740–2749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.01.170.
[116] T.Z. Tu, J.X. Liu, L. Zhou, Y. Liang, G.J. Zhang, Graceful behavior during CMAS corrosion of a high-entropy rare-earth zirconate for thermal barrier coating material, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 (2022) 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.10.022.
[117] L. Li, Y. Cao, Q. Wang, J. Fan, Z. Sun, X. Ning, Microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties, and thermal cycling behavior of high-entropy (Y0.2Gd0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7/YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.275.
[118] H. Vakilifard, R.S. Lima, M.D. Pugh, C. Moreau, Suspension plasma spray coating of high entropy (nRE1/n)2Zr2O7: Synthesis and characterization, in: ITSC 2024 (International Thermal Spray Conference and Exposition) , 2024.
[119] Z. Chen, X. Cui, X. Wang, Y. Jing, X. Wang, Y. Fang, Z. Zhang, Q. Li, D. Ma, G. Jin, Novel high-entropy (La0.35Gd0.35Y0.35Sm0.35Yb0.6)Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings: Thermal cycling performance and failure behavior, Ceram. Int. 50 (2024) 54716–54727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.10.331.
[120] L. Yang, H. Geng, Z. Guan, H. Liu, X. Zhang, L. Wu, F. Zhang, C. Zeng, The role of La and Nd in enhancing CMAS corrosion resistance of high-entropy (La, Nd, Tm, Yb, Lu)2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coating materials, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 45 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117466.
[121] L. Yang, F. Xie, H. Geng, L. Wu, H. Liu, C. Zeng, A novel (Ho0.2Er0.2Tm0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramic with excellent CMAS corrosion resistance for thermal barrier coatings, Corros. Sci. 250 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112904.
[122] L. Li, Y. Cao, Q. Wang, J. Fan, Z. Sun, X. Ning, Microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties, and thermal cycling behavior of high-entropy (Y0.2Gd0.2Er0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7/YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.07.275.
[123] R.S. Lima, B.R. Marple, Insights on the High-Temperature Operational Limits of ZrO2-Y2O3 TBCs Manufactured via Air Plasma Spray, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 26 (2017) 1272–1282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2562-5.
[124] Z. Zhou, H. Guo, J. Wang, M. Abbas, S. Gong, Microstructure of oxides in thermal barrier coatings grown under dry/humid atmosphere, Corros. Sci. 53 (2011) 2630–2635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.04.024.
[125] E. Bakan, D.E. Mack, G. Mauer, R. Vaßen, Gadolinium Zirconate/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings: Plasma Spraying, Microstructure, and Thermal Cycling Behavior, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97 (2014) 4045–4051. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13204.
[126] J.A. Díaz-Guillén, O.J. Durá, M.R. Díaz-Guillén, E. Bauer, M.A. López de la Torre, A.F. Fuentes, Thermophysical properties of Gd2Zr2O7 powders prepared by mechanical milling: Effect of homovalent Gd3+ substitution, J. Alloys Compd. 649 (2015) 1145–1150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.146.
[127] H. Wang, E. Tarwater, X. Zhang, Z. Sheng, J.W. Fergus, PYROCHLORE LANTHANIDE ZIRCONATES FOR THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS, n.d. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ubishops/detail.action?docID=4206460.
[128] S. Mahade, N. Curry, S. Björklund, N. Markocsan, P. Nylén, R. Vaßen, Functional performance of Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ multi-layered thermal barrier coatings deposited by suspension plasma spray, Surf. Coat. Technol. 318 (2017) 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.062.
[129] J. Xiang, S. Chen, J. Huang, H. Zhang, X. Zhao, Phase structure and thermophysical properties of co-doped La2Zr2O7 ceramics for thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. 38 (2012) 3607–3612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.12.077.
[130] L. Wang, Y. Wang, X.G. Sun, J.Q. He, Z.Y. Pan, C.H. Wang, Thermal shock behavior of 8YSZ and double-ceramic-layer La2Zr2O7/8YSZ thermal barrier coatings fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying, Ceram. Int. 38 (2012) 3595–3606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.12.076.
[131] M.P. Schmitt, A.K. Rai, R. Bhattacharya, D. Zhu, D.E. Wolfe, “Multilayer thermal barrier coating (TBC) architectures utilizing rare earth doped YSZ and rare earth pyrochlores,” Surf. Coat. Technol. 251 (2014) 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.049.
[132] K.T. Pasupuleti, S. Ghosh, P. Ramaswamy, S.V.S. Narayana Murty, Zirconia based pyrochlore thermal barrier coatings, in: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/577/1/012099.
[133] D.B. Miracle, O.N. Senkov, A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts, Acta Mater. 122 (2017) 448–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081.
[134] D. Zhang, Y. Yu, X. Feng, Z. Tian, R. Song, Thermal barrier coatings with high-entropy oxide as a top coat, Ceram. Int. 48 (2022) 1349–1359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.09.219.
[135] F. Li, L. Zhou, J.X. Liu, Y. Liang, G.J. Zhang, High-entropy pyrochlores with low thermal conductivity for thermal barrier coating materials, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 8 (2019) 576–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-019-0342-4.
[136] P. Fauchais, G. Montavon, R.S. Lima, B.R. Marple, Engineering a new class of thermal spray nano-based microstructures from agglomerated nanostructured particles, suspensions and solutions: An invited review, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 44 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/44/9/093001.
[137] F. Tarasi, E. Alebrahim, A. Dolatabadi, C. Moreau, A Comparative study of YSZ suspensions and coatings, Coatings 9 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/COATINGS9030188.
[138] Z. Teng, Y. Tan, S. Zeng, Y. Meng, C. Chen, X. Han, H. Zhang, Preparation and phase evolution of high-entropy oxides A2B2O7 with multiple elements at A and B sites, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 (2021) 3614–3620. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.01.013.
[139] H. Zhu, L. Liu, H. Xiang, F.Z. Dai, X. Wang, Z. Ma, Y. Liu, Y. Zhou, Improved thermal stability and infrared emissivity of high-entropy REMgAl11O19 and LaMAl11O19 (RE=La, Nd, Gd, Sm, Pr, Dy; M=Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn), J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 104 (2022) 131–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.06.068.
[140] R.D. Shannon, Revised Effective Ionic Radii and Systematic Studies of Interatomic Distances in Halides and Chalcogenides, Acta Cryst. A32 (1976) 751–767. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306153198.
[141] J. Torres-Rodriguez, V. Gutierrez-Cano, M. Menelaou, J. Kaštyl, J. Cihlář, S. Tkachenko, J.A. González, J. Kalmár, I. Fábián, I. Lázár, L. Čelko, J. Kaiser, Rare-Earth Zirconate Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Gd, and Dy) Powders, Xerogels, and Aerogels: Preparation, Structure, and Properties, Inorg. Chem. 58 (2019) 14467–14477. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01965.
[142] L. Zhou, Z. Huang, J. Qi, Z. Feng, D. Wu, W. Zhang, X. Yu, Y. Guan, X. Chen, L. Xie, K. Sun, T. Lu, Thermal-Driven Fluorite–Pyrochlore–Fluorite Phase Transitions of Gd2Zr2O7 Ceramics Probed in Large Range of Sintering Temperature, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. 47 (2016) 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-015-3234-4.
[143] D. Liu, B. Shi, L. Geng, Y. Wang, B. Xu, Y. Chen, High-entropy rare-earth zirconate ceramics with low thermal conductivity for advanced thermal-barrier coatings, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 11 (2022) 961–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0589-z.
[144] N. Curry, Z. Tang, N. Markocsan, P. Nylén, Influence of bond coat surface roughness on the structure of axial suspension plasma spray thermal barrier coatings - Thermal and lifetime performance, Surf. Coat. Technol. 268 (2015) 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.08.067.
[145] B. Guerreiro, R.S. Lima, N. Curry, M. Leitner, K. Körner, The Influence of Plasma Composition in the Thermal Cyclic Performance of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs), Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 30 (2021) 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-021-01153-7.
[146] B.R. Marple, R.S. Lima, C. Moreau, S.E. Kruger, L. Xie, M. Dorfman, Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barriers Sprayed Using N2-H2 and Ar-H2 Plasmas: Influence of Processing and Heat Treatment on Coating Properties, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 16 (2007) 791–797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-007-9093-9.
[147] P. Sokołowski, S. Björklund, R. Musalek, R.T. Candidato, L. Pawłowski, B. Nait-Ali, D. Smith, Thermophysical properties of YSZ and YCeSZ suspension plasma sprayed coatings having different microstructures, Surf. Coat. Technol. 318 (2017) 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.02.054.
[148] F. Arhami, F. Ben Attouil, C. Moreau, Process parameters for enhanced microstructure and composition of as-sprayed Yb2Si2O7 environmental barrier coatings via atmospheric plasma spray, Ceram. Int. 50 (2024) 34184–34196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.06.238.
[149] G. Mauer, C. Moreau, Process Diagnostics and Control in Thermal Spray, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 31 (2022) 818–828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-022-01341-z.
[150] R.S. Lima, B.M.H. Guerreiro, M. Aghasibeig, Microstructural Characterization and Room-Temperature Erosion Behavior of As-Deposited SPS, EB-PVD and APS YSZ-Based TBCs, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 28 (2019) 223–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-018-0763-6.
[151] A. Joulia, W. Duarte, S. Goutier, M. Vardelle, A. Vardelle, S. Rossignol, Tailoring the Spray Conditions for Suspension Plasma Spraying, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 24 (2014) 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0184-0.
[152] F. Tarasi, M. Medraj, A. Dolatabadi, R.S. Lima, C. Moreau, Thermal cycling of suspension plasma sprayed alumina- YSZ coatings containing amorphous phases, in: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2012: pp. 2614–2621. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2012.05292.x.
[153] D. Zhou, D.E. Mack, P. Gerald, O. Guillon, R. Vaßen, Architecture designs for extending thermal cycling lifetime of suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings, Ceram. Int. 45 (2019) 18471–18479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.06.065.
[154] P.M. Kelly, C.J. Wauchope, The Tetragonal to Monoclinic Martensitic Transformation in Zirconia, Key Eng. Mater. 153–154 (1998) 97–124. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.153-154.97.
[155] C.U. Hardwicke, Y.C. Lau, Advances in thermal spray coatings for gas turbines and energy generation: A review, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 22 (2013) 564–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-013-9904-0.
[156] A. Vardelle, C. Moreau, N.J. Themelis, C. Chazelas, A Perspective on Plasma Spray Technology, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 35 (2015) 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-014-9600-y.
[157] R.S. Lima, Perspectives on thermal gradients in porous ZrO2-7-8 wt.% Y2O3 (YSZ) Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) Manufactured by Air Plasma Spray (APS), Coatings 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090812.
[158] M.G. Gok, G. Goller, State of the Art of Gadolinium Zirconate Based Thermal Barrier Coatings: Design, Processing and Characterization, n.d. www.intechopen.com.
[159] M. Tabeshfar, M. Salehi, G. Dini, P.I. Dahl, M.A. Einarsrud, K. Wiik, Hot corrosion of Gd2Zr2O7, Gd2Zr2O7/YbSZ, YSZ + Gd2Zr2O7/YbSZ, and YSZ thermal barrier coatings exposed to Na2SO4 + V2O5, Surf. Coat. Technol. 409 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126718.
[160] W. Ma, D. Mack, J. Malzbender, R. Vaßen, D. Stöver, Yb2O3 and Gd2O3 doped strontium zirconate for thermal barrier coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28 (2008) 3071–3081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.05.013.
[161] C. Oses, C. Toher, S. Curtarolo, High-entropy ceramics, Nat. Rev. Mater. 5 (2020) 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0170-8.
[162] J. Bisson, M. Lamontagne, C. Moreau, L. Pouliot, J. Blain, F. Nadeau, Ensemble in-Flight Particle Diagnostics Under Thermal Spray Conditions, (2001). https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0705.
[163] A. Ganvir, S. Joshi, N. Markocsan, R. Vassen, Tailoring columnar microstructure of axial suspension plasma sprayed TBCs for superior thermal shock performance, Mater. Des. 144 (2018) 192–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.02.011.
[164] C. Bumgardner, B. Croom, X. Li, High-temperature delamination mechanisms of thermal barrier coatings: In-situ digital image correlation and finite element analyses, Acta Mater. 128 (2017) 54–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.061.
[165] Y. Sun, H.-R. Mao, P. Shen, Inhibition of hotspot formation by alumina addition in flash sintering of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramic, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 (2022) 7113–7121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.08.015.
[166] D. Liu, S. Zhang, Z. Wu, Lattice Energy Estimation for Inorganic Ionic Crystals, Inorg. Chem. 42 (2003) 2465–2469. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic025902a.
[167] N.J. Hess, B.D. Begg, S.D. Conradson, D.E. McCready, P.L. Gassman, W.J. Weber, Spectroscopic investigations of the structural phase transition in Gd2(Ti1-yZry)2O7 pyrochlores, Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106 (2002) 4663–4677. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp014285t.
[168] D. Liu, B. Shi, L. Geng, Y. Wang, B. Xu, Y. Chen, High-entropy rare-earth zirconate ceramics with low thermal conductivity for advanced thermal-barrier coatings, Journal of Advanced Ceramics 11 (2022) 961–973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-022-0589-z.
[169] M. Gupta, C. Kumara, P. Nylén, Bilayer Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings With Enhanced Thermal Cyclic Lifetime: Experiments and Modeling, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 26 (2017) 1038–1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-017-0595-9.
[170] X. Zhang, A.C.F. Cocks, Y. Okajima, K. Takeno, T. Torigoe, Constrained Sintering and Cracking of Air Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: Experimental Observation and Modeling, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 104 (2021) 4759–4772. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.17825.
[171] M. Amer, N. Curry, Q. Hayat, R. Sharma, V. Janik, X. Zhang, J. Nottingham, M. Bai, Cracking Behavior of Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ Multi-Layered Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray, Coatings 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010107.
[172] M. Ossiansson, M. Gupta, M. Löbel, T. Lindner, T. Lampke, S. Joshi, Assessment of CrFeCoNi and AlCrFeCoNi High-Entropy Alloys as Bond Coats for Thermal Barrier Coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 31 (2022) 1404–1422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-022-01388-y.
[173] H. Shahbazi, R.S. Lima, P. Stoyanov, C. Moreau, Optimization of HVAF Process Parameters for Enhancing FeCoNiCrAl HEA Bond Coatings in Thermal Barrier Systems, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-024-01919-9.
[174] H. Dong, G.J. Yang, C.X. Li, X.T. Luo, C.J. Li, Effect of TGO thickness on thermal cyclic lifetime and failure mode of plasma-sprayed TBC s, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 97 (2014) 1226–1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12868.
[175] A. Cipitria, I.O. Golosnoy, T.W. Clyne, A sintering model for plasma-sprayed zirconia TBCs. Part I: Free-standing coatings, Acta Mater. 57 (2009) 980–992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.10.024.
[176] J. Yan, X. Wang, K. Chen, K.N. Lee, Sintering modeling of thermal barrier coatings at elevated temperatures: A review of recent advances, Coatings 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101214.
[177] X. Ren, M. Zhao, C. Wan, Y. Zheng, W. Pan, High-Temperature Aging of Plasma Sprayed Quasi-Eutectoid LaYbZr2O7-Part I: Phase Evolution, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 98 (2015) 2829–2835. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13690.
[178] T. Götsch, D. Hauser, N. Köpfle, J. Bernardi, B. Klötzer, S. Penner, Complex oxide thin films: Pyrochlore, defect fluorite and perovskite model systems for structural, spectroscopic and catalytic studies, Appl. Surf. Sci. 452 (2018) 190–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.05.019.
[179] J. Che, X. Wang, X. Liu, G. Liang, S. Zhang, Thermal transport property in pyrochlore-type and fluorite-type A2B2O7 oxides by molecular dynamics simulation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 182 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122038.
[180] A.J. Wright, Q. Wang, C. Hu, Y.-T. Yeh, R. Chen, J. Luo, Single-phase duodenary high-entropy fluorite/pyrochlore oxides with an order-disorder transition, Acta Mater. 211 (2021) 116858. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2021.116858.
[181] X. Shan, L. Luo, W. Chen, Z. Zou, F. Guo, L. He, A. Zhang, X. Zhao, P. Xiao, Pore filling behavior of YSZ under CMAS attack: Implications for designing corrosion-resistant thermal barrier coatings, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 101 (2018) 5756–5770. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.15790.
[182] R.B. Nair, D. Brabazon, Calcia magnesia alumino silicate (CMAS) corrosion attack on thermally sprayed thermal barrier coatings: a comprehensive review, Npj Mater. Degrad. 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41529-024-00462-w.
[183] S. Morelli, V. Testa, G. Bolelli, O. Ligabue, E. Molinari, N. Antolotti, L. Lusvarghi, CMAS corrosion of YSZ thermal barrier coatings obtained by different thermal spray processes, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 (2020) 4084–4100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.04.058.
[184] W. Ma, W. Qi, J. Dai, L. Zou, L. Guo, Development of molten CMAS-phobic protective layers for thermal barrier coatings, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 45 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117463.
[185] P. wen Ru, Y. Hu, Y. Yang, H. jian Zhao, Y. xuan Shao, Y. wei Wang, W. Li, X. yu Wang, W. wei Sun, Y. duo Ma, CMAS corrosion resistance of YSZ thermal barrier coatings with Al2O3 and YSZ-Al2O3 protective layers, Ceram. Int. 50 (2024) 44401–44416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.288.
[186] L. Wang, L. Guo, Z. Li, H. Peng, Y. Ma, S. Gong, H. Guo, Protectiveness of Pt and Gd2Zr2O7 layers on EB-PVD YSZ thermal barrier coatings against calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) attack, Ceram. Int. 41 (2015) 11662–11669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.128.
[187] D.L. Poerschke, C.G. Levi, Effects of cation substitution and temperature on the interaction between thermal barrier oxides and molten CMAS, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 35 (2015) 681–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.09.006.
[188] F. Perrudin, M.H. Vidal-Sétif, C. Rio, C. Petitjean, P.J. Panteix, M. Vilasi, Influence of rare earth oxides on kinetics and reaction mechanisms in CMAS silicate melts, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39 (2019) 4223–4232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.06.036.
[189] B. Cheng, G. Zheng, D. Hou, C. Ding, Q. Chu, L. Feng, G. An, X. Zhang, L. Sun, H. Sun, W. Li, Formation mechanisms of columnar/dense structure for Gd2Zr2O7 ceramics coatings with superior CMAS corrosion resistance, Corros. Sci. 257 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2025.113348.
[190] D. Müller, D.B. Dingwell, The influence of thermal barrier coating dissolution on CMAS melt viscosities, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 (2021) 2746–2752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.11.037.
[191] Z. Luo, Y. Guo, B. Bai, L. Wei, H. Guo, Design of CMAS-resistant Gd2O3/YSZ bilayer thermal barrier coatings via apatite phase control, Mater. Des. 260 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2025.115047.
[192] B. Cheng, X. Zhang, G. Zheng, Q. Chu, M. Zhang, L. Feng, X. Zhang, H. Wang, H. Sun, W. Li, Improving the CMAS corrosion resistance of Gd2Zr2O7 TBCs via laser simultaneously induced texture/featherlike/dense structures, Journal of Materials Research and Technology 36 (2025) 10104–10117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.070.
[193] W. Ma, K. Yan, Y. Zhu, J. Su, C. Zhan, J. Yang, H. Liu, L. Guo, Unsatisfactory CMAS resistance of Gd2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings and the solution strategy based on laser surface modification, Ceram. Int. 50 (2024) 31859–31868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.05.483.
[194] C. Toher, C. Oses, M. Esters, D. Hicks, G.N. Kotsonis, C.M. Rost, D.W. Brenner, J.P. Maria, S. Curtarolo, High-entropy ceramics: Propelling applications through disorder, MRS Bull. 47 (2022) 194–202. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43577-022-00281-x.
[195] H. Vakilifard, F. Ben Ettouil, R.S. Lima, M.D. Pugh, C. Moreau, Isothermal Oxidation Performance of High-Entropy Zirconate as an Advanced Topcoat for Thermal Barrier Coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-025-02103-3.
[196] A.W. Phelps, L. Pfledderer, Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Development of a naturalistic test media for dust ingestion CMAS testing of gas turbine engines Recommended Citation “Development of a naturalistic test media for dust ingestion CMAS testing of gas turbine engines” in ", 2015. http://dc.engconfintl.org/thermal_barrier_iv/29.
[197] S. Krämer, J. Yang, C.G. Levi, Infiltration-inhibiting reaction of gadolinium zirconate thermal barrier coatings with CMAS melts, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91 (2008) 576–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02175.x.
[198] F. Cheng, Z. Meng, C. Cheng, J. Hou, Y. Liu, B. Ren, H. Hu, F. Gao, Y. Miao, X. Wang, Fluorite-pyrochlore structured high-entropy oxides: Tuning the ratio of B-site cations for resistance to CMAS corrosion, Corros. Sci. 218 (2023) 111199. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111199.
[199] Y. Tian, X. Zhao, Z. Sun, Y. Liang, G. Xiao, C. Wang, S. Liu, F. Liu, X. Lu, Y. Wu, Z. Wang, Improved thermal properties and CMAS corrosion resistance of high-entropy RE zirconates by tuning fluorite-pyrochlore structure, Ceram. Int. 50 (2024) 19182–19193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.03.018.
[200] L. Yang, F. Xie, H. Geng, L. Wu, H. Liu, C. Zeng, A novel (Ho0.2Er0.2Tm0.2Yb0.2Lu0.2)2Zr2O7 high-entropy ceramic with excellent CMAS corrosion resistance for thermal barrier coatings, Corros. Sci. 250 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2025.112904.
[201] X. Wang, Z. He, X. Yang, F. Wang, Q. Zhang, Corrosion resistance of high entropy rare earth zirconate ceramic to CMAS, Ceram. Int. 51 (2025) 8129–8137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.248.
[202] R. Yan, W. Liang, Q. Miao, H. Zhao, R. Liu, M. Dong, K. Zang, F. Jia, X. Chang, X. He, X. Gao, Y. Song, X. Tao, Corrosion mechanisms of high-entropy rare earth zirconate (Gd0.2Y0.2Er0.2Tm0.2Yb0.2)2Zr2O7 exposed to CMAS and multi-medium (NaVO3+CMAS), J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 44 (2024) 3277–3295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2023.12.039.
[203] H. Mao, F. Cheng, D.B. Dingwell, W. Song, Rare-earth zirconates against environmental silicate corrosion in jet engines, Corros. Sci. (2025) 113586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2025.113586.
[204] X. Wang, Z. He, X. Yang, F. Wang, Q. Zhang, Corrosion resistance of high entropy rare earth zirconate ceramic to CMAS, Ceram. Int. 51 (2025) 8129–8137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.12.248.
[205] M. Dou, W. Gao, T. Xue, D. Wu, Y. Zou, Y. Zhang, Degradation of YSZ thermal barrier coatings by CMAS and CMAS-Na2SO4 between 1250°C and 1350°C, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 45 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2025.117405.
[206] S. Krämer, J. Yang, C.G. Levi, C.A. Johnson, Thermochemical interaction of thermal barrier coatings with molten CaO-MgO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2 (CMAS) deposits, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89 (2006) 3167–3175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01209.x.
[207] D. Wu, X. Shan, H. Cai, F. Yang, X. Zhao, Grain boundary corrosion mechanism of YSZ thermal barrier oxides under CMAS attack, Corros. Sci. 209 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110803.
[208] L. Guo, X. Zhang, H. Xin, Corrosiveness of CMAS and CMAS + salt (NaVO3, Na2SO4 and NaCl) to YSZ thermal barrier coating materials, Corros. Sci. 209 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110738.
[209] H. Zheng, Z. Chen, G. Li, X. Shu, P. Peng, High-temperature corrosion mechanism of YSZ coatings subject to calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) deposits: First-principles calculations, Corros. Sci. 126 (2017) 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2017.07.010.
[210] Y. Ozgurluk, A.C. Karaoglanli, H. Ahlatci, Comparison of calcium–magnesium-alumina-silicate (CMAS) resistance behavior of produced with electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) method YSZ and Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ thermal barrier coatings systems, Vacuum 194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2021.110576.
[211] Y. Wang, Q. Fu, H. Dong, X. Zhuo, X. Liang, G. Liu, L. Huang, X. Zhang, CMAS corrosion behavior of interface for EB-PVD Gd2Zr2O7/YSZ thermal barrier coatings, Mater. Today Commun. 41 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.110756.
[212] B. Li, J. Sun, L. Guo, CMAS corrosion behavior of Sc doped Gd2Zr2O7 /YSZ thermal barrier coatings and their corrosion resistance mechanisms, Corros. Sci. 193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109899.
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics