Xu, Bowen (2018) Laboratory measurements and computer simulations of highly curved flow after sluice gate. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
3MBXu_MASc_F2018.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
Sluice-gates are widely used for such purposes as the control of discharges and water levels in hydraulic engineering systems. It is important to understand the features of turbulent flow passing underneath a sluice-gate. Previously, a great deal of research attention has centred on such flow features as the head-discharge relationship and the pressure distribution over the gate surfaces, leading to impressive progress in those aspects of the turbulent flow problem. However, little attention has been paid to the curvature of flow profiles immediately downstream of the gate. This is in spite of its relevance to the optimal design and safe operations of sluice-gates.
The purpose of this research work is to characterise the highly curved turbulent flow through laboratory flume experiments and to extend the experimental results by computer simulations. The experiments covered the conditions that the gate opening ranged from one to two inches and the ratio of the upstream depth to the gate opening ranged from four to 16. The computer simulations produced finite volume solutions to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Under the same conditions as the flume experiments, the computed flow profiles as well as pressure distributions from the simulations compare well with the experimental data. Much of the success in computations is attributable to the implementation of rigorous procedures to validate mesh convergence, the independence of numerical results on time step and initial conditions used, and the suitability of turbulence closure schemes. The shear stress transport k-ω model is shown to be a suitable model for turbulence closure. It is shown that the volume of fluid method works well for tracking the highly curved free water surface.
This thesis reports further computational results of the flow and pressure fields for large gate openings up to 16 inches, which are close to field scales or prototype scales, and which are difficult and expensive to set up in laboratories. Using the new experimental and computational results, reliable relationships for flow curvature parameters, including the radius of the circle of curvature, the centre of the circle, and the angle of a tangent to the free surface with the channel-bottom, have been developed. The introduction of these new relationships to the permanent literature about sluice-gate flows represents a significant contribution from this research work. This thesis also provides an update of the contraction distance and coefficient, the results being consistent with the literature values. Moreover, corrections to some existing formulations of the sluice-gate flow problem are proposed.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
| Authors: | Xu, Bowen |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | M.A. Sc. |
| Program: | Civil Engineering |
| Date: | 2018 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | Li, S. Samuel |
| ID Code: | 984302 |
| Deposited By: | BOWEN XU |
| Deposited On: | 16 Nov 2018 15:57 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Aug 2020 00:00 |
References:
Akahori, R., Yoshikawa, Y., and Yasuda, H. (2011). “Flexible control of density current migration by using sluice gate.” Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers. Ser. B1, Hydraulic engineering, JSCE, 67(40), 1585-1590.Akoz, M.S., Kirkgoz, M.S., and Oner, A.A. (2009). “Experimental and numerical modeling of a sluice gate flow.” Journal of Hydraulic Research, 47(2), 167-176.
Baek, K.O., Ku, Y.H., and Kim, Y.D. (2015). “Attraction efficiency in natural-like fishways according to weir operation and bed change in Nakdong River, Korea.” Ecological Engineering- Elsevier, 84(11), 569-578.
Belaud, G., Cassan, L., Baume, J.P. (2009). “Calculation of contraction coefficient under sluice gates and application to discharge measurement.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 135(12), 1086-1091.
Benjamin, T.B. (1955). “On the flow in channels when rigid obstacles are placed in the stream.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1(2), 227-248.
Cassan, L., and Belaud G. (2012). “Experimental and numerical investigation of flow under sluice gates.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 138(4), 367-373.
Cheng, A. H., Liu, P. L., and Liggett, J. A. (1981). "Boundary calculations of sluice and spillway flows." Journal of the Hydraulics Engineering-ASCE, 107(10), 1163-1178.
Chern, M.J., and Syamsuri, S. (2013). “Effect of corrugated bed on hydraulic jump characteristic using SPH method.” Journal of the Hydraulics Engineering-ASCE, 139(2), 221-232.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York.
Chung, Y.K. (1972). “Solution of flow under sluice gate.” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division-ASCE, 98(EM1), 121-140.
Finnie, J.I., and Jeppson, R.W. (1991). “Solving turbulent flows using finite elements.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 117(11), 1513-1530.
Habibzadeh, A., Vatankhah, A.R., and Rajaratnam, N. (2011). “Role of energy loss on discharge characteristics of sluice gates.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 137(9), 1079-1084.
Henderson, F.M. (1966). Open Channel Flow, Macmillan, New York.
Hirt, C.W., and Nichols, B.D. (1981). “Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries.” Journal of Computational Physics-Elsevier, 39(1), 201-115.
Kalitzin, G., Medic, G., Iaccarino, G., and Durbin, P. (2004). “Near-wall behavior of RANS turbulence models and implications for wall functions.” Journal of Computational Physics- Elsevier, 204(1), 265-291.
Khanpour, M., Zarrati, A.R., and Kolahdoozan, M. (2014). “Numerical simulation of the flow under sluice gates by SPH model.” Transactions A: Civil Engineering-Scientia Iranica, 21(5), 1503-1514.
Kim, D.G. (2007). “Numerical analysis of free flow past a sluice gate.” Journal of Civil Engineering-KSCE, 11(2), 127-132.
Kolditz, O. (2013). Computational methods in environmental fluid mechanics. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany.
Launder, B.E., and Spalding, D.B. (1974). “The numerical computation of turbulent flows.” Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering-Elsevier, 3(2), 269-289.
Lin, C.H., Yen, J.F., and Tsai, C.T. (2002). “Influence of sluice gate contraction coefficient on distinguishing condition.” Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE, 128(4), 249-252.
Marchi, E. (1953). "Sui fenomeni di efflusso piano da luci a battente." Annali Di Matematica Pura Ed Applicata, 35(1), 327-341.
Masliyah, J.H., Nandakumar, K., Hemphill, F. and Fung, L. (1985). “Body-fitted coordinates for flow under sluice gates.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 111(6), 922-933.
Menter, F. R. (1994). "Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications." AIAA Journal-AIAA, 32(8), 1598-1605.
Montes, J. (1997). "Irrotational flow and real fluid effects under planar sluice gates." Journal Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 123(3), 219-232.
Moreno, M., Maia, R., and Couto, L. (2016). “Prediction of equilibrium local scour depth at complex bridge piers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 142(11), 04016045-1-04016045-13
Pajer, G. (1937). "Über den Strömungsvorgang an einer unterströmten scharfkantigen Planschütze." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Mathematik Und Mechanik-ZAMM, 17(5), 259-269.
Rajaratnam, N. (1976). Turbulent jets. Vol. 5., Elsevier Scientific, New York.
Rajaratnam, N., and Humphries, J. (1982). "Free flow upstream of vertical sluice gates." Journal of Hydraulic Research-Taylor and Francis, 20(5), 427-437.
Reynolds O. (1895). “On the dynamical theory of incompressible viscous fluids and the determination of the criterion.” Philosophical Transactions A-The Royal Society, 186(1), 123–164.
Roth, A., and Hager, W.H. (1998). “Underflow of standard sluice gate.” Experiments in Fluids- Springer, 27(4), 339-350.
Schlichting, H. (1955). Boundary-layer theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Shammaa, Y., Zhu, D.Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2005). “Flow upstream of orifices and sluice gates.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 131(2), 127-133.
Termini, D. (2009). “Experimental observations of flow and bed processes in large-amplitude meandering flume.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 135(7), 575-587.
Versteeg, H.K., and Malalasekera, W. (2007). An introduction to computational fluid dynamics, Pearson, Essex, UK.
Wang, H.Z., Liu, X.Q., and Wang, H.J. (2016). “The Yangtze river floodplain: threats and rehabilitation.” American Fisheries Society Symposium-AFS, 84(1), 263-291.
White, M. (2006). Viscous Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Wilcox, D.C. (2006). Turbulence modeling for CFD, DCW, La Canada, California
Xie, C., and Lim, S.Y. (2015). “Effects of jet flipping on local scour downstream of a sluice gate.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 141(4), 04014088-1- 04014088-23
Zhang, J., Jørgensen, S. E., Tan, C. O., and Beklioglu, M. (2003). "A structurally dynamic modelling—Lake Mogan, Turkey as a case study." Ecological Modelling-Elsevier, 164(2), 103-120.
Zhang, S.Y., Duan, J.G., and Strelkoff, T.S. (2013). “Grain-scale nonequilibrium sediment-transport model for unsteady flow.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 139(1), 22-36.
Zhang, W., Liu, M., Zhu, D.Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2014). “Mean and turbulent bubble velocities in free hydraulic jumps for small to intermediate Froude numbers.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 140(11), 04014055-1- 04014055-9.
Zill, D., Wright, W. S., and Cullen, M. R. (2011). Advanced engineering mathematics, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Burlington, Massachusetts
Zimmer, A., Schmidt, A., Ostfeld, A., and Minsker, B. (2013). “New method for the offline solution of pressurized and supercritical flows.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE, 139(9), 935-948.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics