Amin, Turfa Sarah (2020) Millimeter-wave Contactless Waveguide Joints and Compact OMT Based on Gap Waveguide Technology. Masters thesis, Concordia University.
Preview |
Text (application/pdf)
5MBAmin_MASc_F2020.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access. |
Abstract
Amongst the contemporary gap waveguide structures, both ridge gap waveguide (RGW) and groove gap waveguide (GGWG) display low losses and are resistant to signal leakage without the requirement of electrical contacts. In both scenarios, the concept is to allow the wave propagation through the guiding part and eliminating signal leakage in all other directions. Since, at present, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) has gained attention due to its versatile usability at high-frequency applications, it is quite obligatory to develop components with superior electrical features, like high stability, wider bandwidth, as well as high power handling capability at that frequency range. Considering the stated advantages, the proposed devices in this research work emphases on the mm-wave application that are mainly accountable for connecting standard waveguides and feeding antenna systems.
The research work can be summarized in three segments. The first segment aims at designing waveguide adaptors based on the gap waveguide technology that do not necessarily require perfect electrical contact. The contact-free adaptor has been designed for both standard rectangular and circular waveguides covering multiple mm-wave frequency bands within 50- 110 GHz. Additionally, while designing the adaptor, surface roughness has been considered to achieve the response of the structure close enough to the practical case. The same adapter can also be used with different standard waveguide dimensions operating within 50-110 GHz by changing the adapter’s waveguide parameters. The proposed contact-free adaptor exhibits an excellent return loss and insertion loss of better than 20 dB and 0.3 dB, respectively, for both standard circular and rectangular waveguides, regardless of a smooth or uneven surface.
The second segment focuses on a contact-free flangeless pipe connection for both circular and rectangular standard waveguides, covering multiple frequency bands amid 50 and 110 GHz. The contactless, low-loss, flange-free, and pluggable contact aims at joining two slightly modified standard waveguides, along with a 60% downscaling of the recommended structure compared to the traditional UG-387/U waveguide flange, hence demonstrating a reflection coefficient better than -20 dB in each scenario.
In addition, the third segment is introducing microwave devices that can combine and separate two propagating polarizations, such as orthomode transducers (OMT). Aiming for high power applications with compact structure, the proposed configuration introduces a new design procedure of combining the ridge gap and groove gap waveguides for the OMTs, validating an acceptable matching level of better than -18 dB along with isolation higher than 70 dB.
Finally, some valuable recommendations as an extension of this research work are suggested in the final chapter.
| Divisions: | Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Electrical and Computer Engineering |
|---|---|
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
| Authors: | Amin, Turfa Sarah |
| Institution: | Concordia University |
| Degree Name: | M.A. Sc. |
| Program: | Electrical and Computer Engineering |
| Date: | 30 November 2020 |
| Thesis Supervisor(s): | Kishk, Ahmed |
| ID Code: | 987686 |
| Deposited By: | Turfa Sarah Amin |
| Deposited On: | 23 Jun 2021 16:32 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jun 2021 16:32 |
References:
[1] T. Halonen, J. Romero, and J. Melero, GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS, John Wiley & Sons, 2004[2] B. Furht and S. A. Ahson, Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology, CRC Press, 2016.
[3] K. R. Santhi, V. K. Srivastava, G. S. Kumaran, and A. Butare, “Goals of true broad band's wireless next wave (4G-5G)”, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 4, pp. 2317- 2321, Oct 2003.
[4] P. Zhouyue and F. Khan, “An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 101–107, June 2011.
[5] E. Dahlman, S. Parkvall, and J. Sk¨old, 4G LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband, Academic Press, 2011.
[6] C. X. Wang, F. Haider, X. Gao, X. H. You, Y. Yang, D. Yuan, H. M. Aggoune, H. Haas, S. Fletcher, and E. Hepsaydir, “Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 122- 130, February 2014.
[7] M. Fallgren, B. Timus, et al., “Scenarios, Requirements and KPIs for 5G Mobile and Wireless System”, METIS deliverable D, vol. 1, p. 1, 2013.
[8] Huang, K.C., and D.J. Edwards, Millimeter Wave Antennas for Gigabit Wireless Communications, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[9] T. K. Sarkar, M. C. Wicks, M. Salazar-Palma, and R. J. Bonneau, Smart Antennas. John Wiley & Sons, 2005, vol. 170.
[10] T. K. Sarkar, R. Mailloux, A. A. Oliner, M. Salazar-Palma, and D. L. Sengupta, History of Wireless. John Wiley & Sons, 2006, vol. 177.
[11] D. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[12] J. Hirokawa and M. Ando, “Single-layer feed waveguide consisting of posts for Plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propag., vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 625–630, May 1998.
[13] P. S. Kildal, E. Alfonso, A. Valero-Nogueira, and E. Rajo-Iglesias, “Local Meta-material Based Waveguides in Gaps between Parallel Metal Plates,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, vol. 8, pp. 84-87, Jan. 2009.
[14] T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock, F. Gutierrez, “State of the art in 60-GHz integrated circuits and systems for wireless communications,” IEEE Proceedings, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. 1390–1436, 2011.
[15] E. Rajo-Iglesias, M. Ferrando-Rocher, A.U. Zaman, “Gap Waveguide Technology for Millimeter-Wave Antenna Systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 56, pp. 14–20, 2018.
[16] E. Rajo-Iglesias, P.S. Kildal, “Numerical studies of bandwidth of parallel-plate cut-off realised by a bed of nails, corrugations and mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap for use in gap waveguides,” IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol. 5, pp. 282–289, 2011.
[17] E. Rajo-Iglesias, A.U. Zaman, P.S. Kildal, “Parallel plate cavity mode suppression in microstrip circuit packages using a lid of nails,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 31–33, 2010.
[18] E. Rajo-Iglesias, E. Pucci, A.A. Kishk, P.S. Kildal, “Suppression of parallel plate modes in low frequency microstrip circuit packages using lid of printed zigzag wires,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 23, pp. 359–361, 2013.
[19] P.-S. Kildal, “Definition of artificially soft and hard surfaces for electromagnetic waves,” Electronics Letters, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 168- 170, Feb 1988.
[20] Y. Rahmat-Samii and H. Mosallaei, “Electromagnetic band-gap structures: classification, characterization, and applications,” 11th International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2, pp. 560- 564, 2001.
[21] A. A. Kishk and P. S. Kildal, “Modelling of soft and hard surfaces using ideal perfect electric conducting/perfect magnetic conducting strip- grids,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 296- 302, 2009.
[22] A. Valero-Nogueira, E. Alfonso, J. I. Herranz, and P. S. Kildal, “Experimental demonstration of local quasi-TEM gap modes in single-hardwall waveguides,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 536- 538, 2009.
[23] S. I. Shams, A. A. Kishk, “Printed texture with triangle flat pins for bandwidth enhancement of the ridge gap waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 7, pp. 2093- 2100, Jan. 2017.
[24] A. U. Zaman, V. Vassilev, P. S. Kildal, and A. Kishk, “Increasing parallel plate stop- band in gap waveguides using inverted pyramid-shaped nails for slot array application above 60GHz”, Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), pp. 2254- 2257, April 2011,
[25] S. I. Shams and A. A. Kishk, “Double cone ultra wide band unit cell in ridge gap waveguides,” 2014 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), pp. 1768- 1769, July 2014.
[26] Constantine A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 3rd Edition, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2005.
[27] M. Bosiljevac, A. Polemi, S. Maci, Z. Sipus, “Analytic approach to the analysis of ridge and groove gap waveguides- comparison of two methods,” Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP, pp. 1886–1889, 2011.
[28] E. Rajo-Iglesias, P.-S. Kildal, “Groove gap waveguide: A rectangular waveguide between contactless metal plates enabled by parallel-plate cut-off,” Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP, 2010.
[29] C. Oleson and A. Denning, “Millimeter wave vector analysis calibration and measurement problems caused by common waveguide irregularities,” 56th ARFTG Conference Digest- Fall, Boulder, AZ, USA, pp. 1- 9, 2000.
[30] P.-S. Kildal, “Waveguides and transmission lines in gaps between parallel conducting surfaces,” Patent no. EP20080159791, 2009.
[31] E. Pucci and P.-S. Kildal, “Contactless non-leaking waveguide flange realized by bed of nails for millimeter wave applications,” 6th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., Prague, pp. 3533- 3536, 2012.
[32] M. Ebrahimpouri, E. Rajo-Iglesias, Z. Sipus, O. Quevedo-Teruel, “Low-cost metasurface using glide symmetry for integrated waveguides,” Proc. 10th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EuCAP), pp. 1- 2, Apr. 2016.
[33] M. Ebrahimpouri, O. Quevedo-Teruel, and E. Rajo-Iglesias, “Design guidelines for gap waveguide technology based on glide-symmetric holey structures,” IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 542- 544, Jun. 2017.
[34] M. Ebrahimpouri, E. Rajo-Iglesias, and O. Quevedo-Teruel, “Wideband glide-symmetric holey structures for gap-waveguide technology,” Proc. 11th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EUCAP), pp. 1658- 1660, Mar. 2017.
[35] M. Ebrahimpouri, E. Rajo-Iglesias, Z. Sipus, O. Quevedo-Teruel, “Cost-effective gap waveguide technology based on glide-symmetric holey EBG structures,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 927- 934, Feb. 2018.
[36] M. Ebrahimpouri, O. Quevedo-Teruel, and E. Rajo-Iglesias, “Design of microwave components in groove gap waveguide technology implemented by holey EBG,” Proc. 11th Eur. Conf. Antennas Propag. (EUCAP), pp. 746- 748, Mar. 2017.
[37] M. Ebrahimpouri, O. Quevedo-Teruel, A. A. Brazalez, and L. Manholm, “Using Glide-Symmetric Holes to Reduce Leakage Between Waveguide Flanges,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 28, no. 6, Jun. 2018.
[38] S. H. V. Wambeck and A. H. Ross, “Performance of diversity receiving systems,” Proceedings of the IRE, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 256- 264, Mar. 1951.
[39] R. D. Tompkins, “A broad-band dual-mode circular waveguide transducer,” IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 181- 183, July 1956.
[40] R. W. Jackson, “A planar orthomode transducer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 483- 485, Dec. 2001.
[41] J. M. Rebollar, J. Esteban, J. D. Frutos, “A dual frequency OMT in the Ku-band for TT&C applications,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium., vol. 4, pp. 2258- 2261, vol.4, Jun. 1998.
[42] S. J. Skinner and G. L. James, “Wide-band orthomode transducers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 294- 300, Feb. 1991.
[43] Jens Bornemann Jarosla Uher, “Waveguide components for antenna feed systems: Theory and Cad.,” Addison Wesley, 1976.
[44] J. Lahtinen, J. Pihlyckt, I. Mononen, S. J. Tauriainen, M. Kemppinen, M. T. Hallikainen, “Fully polarimetric microwave radiometer for remote sensing,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1869-1878, Aug. 2003.
[45] G. L. James, “Wideband feed systems for radio telescopes,” IEEE MTT-S Microwave Symposium Digest, pp. 1361- 1363, vol. 3, Jun. 1992.
[46] I. Dilworth, “A microwave receiver and transmitter system for a propagation experiment,” Proc. Radio receivers and associated systems, pp. 319- 323, 1981.
[47] J. Brain, “The design and evaluation of a high performance 3m antenna for satellite communication”, Marconi Review, vol. 41, pp. 218- 236, 1978.
[48] C. G. Montgomery, R. H. Dicke, E. M. Purcell, “Principles of microwave circuits,” IET, no. 25, 1948.
[49] A. M. Boifot, E. Lier, T. Schaug-Pettersen, “Simple and broadband orthomode transducer (antenna feed),” IEEE Proceedings H - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 137, no. 6, pp. 396- 400, Dec 1990.
[50] A. Navarrini and R. Nesti, “Symmetric reverse-coupling waveguide orthomode transducer for the 3-mm band,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 80-88, Jan 2009.
[51] P. Sarasa, A. Baussois, and P. Regnier, “A compact single-horn c/x dual band and circular polarized Tx Rx antenna system,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, vol. 3, pp. 3039- 3042, Jun. 2004.
[52] J. A. Ruiz-Cruz, J. R. Montejo-Garai, J. M. Rebollar, “Optimal configurations for integrated antenna feeders with linear dual-polarization and multiple frequency bands,” IET Microwaves, Antennas Propagation, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1016- 1022, Jun. 2011.
[53] A. Dunning, S. Srikanth, A. Kerr, “A simple orthomode transducer for centimeter to sub millimeter wavelengths,” Proc. Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol., pp. 191-194, 2009.
[54] O. A. Peverini, R. Tascone, G. Virone, A. Olivieri, R. Orta, “Orthomode transducer for millimeter-wave correlation receivers,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2042- 2049, May 2006.
[55] A. Navarrini, R. L. Plambeck, “A turnstile junction waveguide orthomode transducer," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 272- 277, Jan. 2006.
[56] G. Pisano, L. Pietranera, K. Isaak, L. Piccirillo, B. Johnson, B. Maffei, and S. Melhuish, “A broadband wr10 turnstile junction orthomode transducer”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 286- 288, April 2007.
[57] J. L. Cano, A. Tribak, R. Hoyland, A. Mediavilla, E. Artal, “Full band waveguide turnstile junction orthomode transducer with phase matched outputs,” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 333- 341, 2010.
[58] A. Tribak, J. L. Cano, A. Mediavilla, M. Boussouis, “Octave bandwidth compact turnstile-based orthomode transducer,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 539- 541, Oct. 2010.
[59] M. A. Meyer and H. B. Goldberg, “Applications of the turnstile junction,” IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 40- 45, December 1955.
[60] J. Uher, J. Bornemann, U. Rosenberg, “Waveguide components for antenna feed systems: Theory and CAD,” Artech House Publishers, 1993.
[61] D. Henke and S. Claude, “Minimizing RF performance spikes in a cryogenic orthomode transducer (OMT),” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 840- 850, Apr. 2014.
[62] G. Chattopadhyay and J. E. Carlstrom, “Fineline ortho-mode transducer for millimeter waves,” IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 339- 341, Sep 1999.
[63] A. Dunning, “Double ridged orthogonal mode transducer for the 16-26 GHz microwave band”, Proceedings of the Workshop on the Applications of Radio Science, 2002.
[64] C. A. Leal-Sevillano, Y. Tian, M. J. Lancaster, J. A. Ruiz-Cruz, J. R. Montejo- Garai, J. M. Rebollar, “A micromachined dual-band orthomode transducer,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 55- 63, Jan. 2014.
[65] E. Pucci and P.-S. Kildal, “Contactless non-leaking waveguide flange realized by bed of nails for millimeter wave applications,” 6th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 3533-3536, 2012.
[66] E. Alfonso, S. Carlred, S. Carlsson, L.-I. Sjöqvist, “Contactless flange adapters for mm-wave measurements,” 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Paris, France, 2017.
[67] E. Rajo-Iglesias and P.-S. Kildal, “Numerical studies of bandwidth of parallel-plate cut-off realised by a bed of nails, corrugations and mushroom-type electromagnetic bandgap for use in gap waveguides,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propag., Prague, vol. 5, pp. 282-289, 2011.
[68] S. Rahiminejad, E. Pucci, V. Vassilev, P.-S. Kildal, S. Haasl, P. Enoksson, “Polymer gap adapter for contactless, robust, and fast measurements at 220–325 GHz,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 160–169, Feb 2016.
[69] D. Sun, Z. Chen, and J. Xu. “Flexible rectangular waveguide based on cylindrical contactless flange,” Electron Lett., vol. 52, no. 25, pp. 2042-2044, Dec 2016.
[70] X. Chen, W. Cui, Y. He, D. Sun, “Low Passive-Intermodulation Contactless Waveguide Adapter Based on Gap Waveguide Technology,” 11th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., Krakow, Poland, 2019.
[71] P.-S. Kildal, “Three metamaterial-based gap waveguides between parallel metal plates for mm/submm waves,” 3rd Eur. Antennas Propag. Conf., pp. 28–32, 2009.
[72] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 3rd Edition, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2005.
[73] W. L. Stutzman, G. A. Thiele, “Antenna Theory and Design,” 3rd Edition, USA, Wiley, May 2012.
[74] A.V. Nogueira, M. Baquero, J. I. Herranz, J. Domenech, E. Alfonso, A.Vila, “Gap Waveguides Using a Suspended Strip on a Bed of Nails,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, vol. 10, pp. 1006–1009, 2011.
[75] X. Ma, J. S. Ochoa, A. C. Cangellaris, “A Method for Modeling the Impact of Conductor Surface Roughness on Waveguiding Properties of Interconnects,” IEEE 22nd Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems, San Jose, CA, USA, Oct. 2013.
[76] L. Tsang, X. Gu, H. Braunisch, “Effects of random rough surface on absorption by conductors at microwave frequencies,” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 221-223, 2006.
[77] L. Proekt and A. Cangellaris, “Investigation of the impact of conductor surface roughness on interconnect frequency-dependent ohmic loss,” 53rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference, pp. 1004-1010, 2003.
[78] L. Tsang, H. Braunisch, R. Ding, X. Gu, “Random rough surface effects on wave propagation in interconnects,” IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 839-856, 2010.
[79] R. Ding, L. Tsang, H. Braunisch, W. Chang, “Wave propagation in parallel plate metallic waveguide with finite conductivity and three dimensional roughness,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propag., vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 5867-5880, 2012.
[80] C. Warren, L. Pajewski, A. Ventura, A. Giannopoulos, “An evaluation of Finite-Difference and Finite-Integration Time-Domain modelling tools for Ground Penetrating Radar antennas,” 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Davos, Switzerland, Apr. 2016.
[81] S. Rahiminejad, E. Pucci, V. Vassilev, P.-S. Kildal, S. Haasl, P. Enoksson, “Polymer gap adapter for contactless, robust, and fast measurements at 220–325 GHz,” J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 160–169, Feb 2016.
[82] W. Cui, X. Chen, Y. He, D. Sun, “Compact Waveguide Connection for Space Applications Using Gap Waveguide Technology,” 13th European Conf. on Antennas and Propag., Krakow, Poland, 2019.
[83] D. Sun and J. Xu. “Real Time Rotatable Waveguide Twist Using Contactless Stacked Air-Gapped Waveguides,” Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 215-217, March 2017.
[84] Dongquan Sun, Zhenhua Chen, and Jinping Xu, “Flexible rectangular waveguide based on cylindrical contactless flange,” Electron Lett., vol. 52, no. 25, pp. 2042-2044, Dec 2016.
[85] Xiang Chen, Dongquan Sun, Wanzhao Cui, and Yongning He, “A Folded Contactless Waveguide Flange for Low Passive Intermodulation Applications,” IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 864-866, October 2018.
[86] M. A. Abdelaal, and A. A. Kishk, “Ka-band 3D-Printed Wideband Groove Gap Waveguide Orthomode Transducer,” Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 67, no. 8, pp. 3361- 3369, June 2019.
[87] M. A. Abdelaal, S. I. Shams, and A. A. Kishk, “Asymmetric Compact OMT for X-Band SAR Applications,” Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 1856-1863, April 2018.
[88] M. A. Abdelaal, S. I. Shams, M. A. Moharram, M. Elsaadany, and A. A. Kishk, “Compact Full band Based on Dual Mode Double Ridge Waveguide,” Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 2767-2774, June 2018.
[89] D. Dousset, S. Claude, and K. Wu, “A compact high-performance orthomode transducer for the atacama large millimeter array (ALMA) band 1 (31-45 GHz),” IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 480-487, 2013.
[90] G. Engargiola and A. Navarrini, “K-band orthomode transducer with waveguide ports and balanced coaxial probes,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1792-1801, May 2005.
[91] J. A. Ruiz-Cruz, J. R. Montejo-Gara, C. A. Leal-Sevillano, and J. M. Rebollar, “Orthomode Transducers With Folded Double-Symmetry Junctions for Broadband and Compact Antenna Feeds,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propag., vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 1160-1168, Mar. 2018.
[92] A. Gomez-Torrent, U. Shah, and J. Oberhammer, “Compact Silicon-Micromachined Wideband 220–330-GHz Turnstile Orthomode Transducer,” IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Tech., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 38-46, Jan. 2019.
[93] R. Nesti, E. Orsi, G. Pelosi, and S. Selleri, “Design of Two Ku-Band Orthomode Transducers for Radio Astronomy Applications,” Progress In Electromagnetics Research., vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 79-87, 2018.
[94] X. Chen, W. Cui, D. Sun, and Y. He, “Novel Compact Waveguide Flange Adapter for Passive Intermodulation Measurement Systems,” 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Mar. 2020.
[95] C. Vicente, D. Wolk, H. L. Hartnagel, B. Gimeno, V. E. Boria, and D. Raboso, “Experimental Analysis of Passive Intermodulation at Waveguide Flange Bolted Connections,” 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Copenhagen, Denmark, Mar. 2020.
[96] X. Zhao, Y. He, M. Ye, F. Gao, W. Peng, Y. Li, C. Bai, and W. Cui, “Analytic Passive Intermodulation Model for Flange Connection Based on Metallic Contact Nonlinearity Approximation,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 2279- 2287, Jul. 2017.
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.
Repository Staff Only: item control page
Download Statistics
Download Statistics