Abstract

This thesis explores the application of 4D printing of composites (4DPC) in the manufacturing of complex-shaped components, focusing on its potential in various engineering domains. The study begins with an in-depth examination of the fundamental principles underlying 4DPC, encompassing topics such as material properties, lay-up sequences, and the impact of thermal expansion coefficients and modulus of elasticity ratios on the bifurcation temperature of laminates. Experimental investigations are conducted to analyze the behavior of composite laminates under different conditions, revealing insights into how parameters like thickness ratio, lay-up sequence, and edge effects influence the final configuration of the laminates.
A significant portion of the research is dedicated to studying the effect of edges and overlaps on the curvature of composite laminates, uncovering critical insights into how these factors impact the shape and performance of the manufactured components. Furthermore, the thesis presents a detailed analysis of the application of 4DPC in the manufacturing of blades for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), highlighting the method’s potential to produce intricate geometries with tailored mechanical properties.
Throughout the thesis, theoretical and finite element analyses are complemented by experimental validations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities and limitations of 4DPC in composite manufacturing. The findings contribute to advancing the knowledge base in the field of additive manufacturing, offering valuable insights for engineers and researchers exploring innovative approaches to fabricating complex-shaped composite structures. The potential application of 4DPC in manufacturing VAWT blades underscores its relevance in renewable energy technologies, highlighting its role in shaping the future of sustainable engineering practices.