Login | Register

Picturing Anonymity: An Empowering Method of Representing Gender-Based Violence

Title:

Picturing Anonymity: An Empowering Method of Representing Gender-Based Violence

Mostardini, Marta Malvina (2024) Picturing Anonymity: An Empowering Method of Representing Gender-Based Violence. Masters thesis, Concordia University.

[thumbnail of Mostardini_MA_F2024.pdf]
Preview
Text (application/pdf)
Mostardini_MA_F2024.pdf - Accepted Version
Available under License Spectrum Terms of Access.
30MB

Abstract

ABSTRACT


Picturing Anonymity: An Empowering Method of Representing Gender-Based Violence


Marta Malvina Mostardini

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive global issue affecting one in three women worldwide (World Health Organization, 2021). Despite photojournalism’s potential to expose injustices and shift public perceptions, mainstream media often reinforces stereotypes that contribute to the normalization or sensationalization of GBV. In Italy, media portrayals of survivors of GBV frequently result in secondary victimization, reinforcing their stigmatization as mere victims rather than recognizing their agency and resilience. This Research-Creation Thesis introduces an innovative approach to representing GBV, empathizing survivor collaboration and anonymity. The core of this work is a set of guidelines, titled “Empowering Anonymity: A Visual Method of Representing Gender-Based Violence” designed for photojournalists, journalists, and those seeking to challenge the stereotypical portrayal of GBV. These guidelines outline ethical practices for engaging with survivors and anti-violence organizations in Italy, focusing on visual techniques to protect their identities. The guidelines are exemplified by a prototype photo essay, “Fragments of Self”, which demonstrates how picturing anonymity can convey fragments of a person’s identity without fully revealing who they are. This prototype is conceptualized through trauma-informed journalism practices and Pierosara’s theory of ‘fragments of violence,’ which suggests that presenting partial glimpses of a survivor’s experience can convey the essence of their story while respecting their privacy and dignity (Pierosara, 2019). By implementing these guidelines and exploring the prototype photo essay, the thesis aims to contribute to ethical practices in photojournalism, inspire survivors of GBV to share their stories, and challenge stereotypes. Ultimately, it seeks to contribute to the empowerment journey of survivors.

Divisions:Concordia University > Faculty of Arts and Science > Journalism
Item Type:Thesis (Masters)
Authors:Mostardini, Marta Malvina
Institution:Concordia University
Degree Name:M.A.
Program:Digital Innovation in Journalism Studies
Date:2 September 2024
Thesis Supervisor(s):Secko, David
ID Code:994547
Deposited By: Marta Malvina Mostardini
Deposited On:24 Oct 2024 18:07
Last Modified:24 Oct 2024 18:07
Related URLs:

References:

6. Bibliography:
ANSA. (2024, August 23). Parte sperimentazione contro violenza domestica e di genere. ANSA. https://www.ansa.it/molise/notizie/2024/08/23/parte-sperimentazione-contro-violenza-domestica-e-di-genere_fa158f2f-94c8-4577-bb38-f33fcbde05b9.html
Batchen, G., Gidley, M., Miller, N. K., & Prosser, J. (2012). Picturing Atrocity: Photography in Crisis. Reaktion Books Ltd.
Balsamo, M. (2023, August 23). “Ora sono trans”. Uomo cambia sesso ed evita il carcere per violenza di genere. Il Giornale. https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/cronaca-internazionale/ora-sono-trans-uomo-cambia-sesso-ed-evita-carcere-violenza-2360865.html
Becker, K. J., & Shontx, L. (2023). Trauma informed journalism. In L. L. Douglass, A. Threlkeld, & L. R. Merriweather (Eds.), Trauma in adult and higher education: Conversations and critical reflections (pp. 205-218). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15719-4_12
Berman, N., & Shackle, S. (2021, May 13). Visual Choices: Covering Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones. Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma. https://dartcenter.org/resources/visual-choices-covering-sexual-violence-conflict-zones
Bichicchi, S. (2022, April 12). La Violenza sui Media. InGenere. https://www.ingenere.it/articoli/la-violenza-sui-media
Capecchi, S. (n.d.). I frame interpretativi delle campagne sociali antivolenza italiane [PowerPoint presentation]. Università di Bologna. https://www.unibo.it/it/allegati/4_Capecchi.pdf/view
Capecchi, S., & Gius, C. (2023). Gender-based violence representation in the Italian media: Reviewing changes in public narrations from femicide to “revenge pornography”. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, 15(1), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.14658/pupj-ijse-2023-1-4
Castaldo, A. (2023). La questione deepfake in Italia: Una panoramica. Media Laws. https://www.medialaws.eu/rivista/la-questione-deepfake-in-italia-una-panoramica/
Castano, E. (2023, December 21). Stereotipi di genere: Obblighiamo il giornalismo a cambiare parole e racconto. GiULiA. https://giulia.globalist.it/attualita/2023/12/21/stereotipi-di-genere-obblighiamo-il-giornalismo-a-cambiare-parole-e-racconto/
Center for Women’s Global Leadership. (2021). Reporting challenges. In Silence and omissions: A media guide for covering gender-based violence (pp. 162-176). Rutgers, State University of New Jersey. https://gbvjournalism.org/book/reporting-challenges
Celotti, G. (Ed.). (2015). Tutt’altro genere d’informazione: Manuale per una corretta rappresentazione delle donne nell’informazione. Gruppo di Lavoro Pari Opportunità del Consiglio Nazionale dell’Ordine dei Giornalisti.
Comunicattive. (n.d.). Call for immagini - Violenza di genere. Comunicattive. https://comunicattive.it/violenza-di-genere/call-for-immagini-violenza-di-genere/
Council of Europe. (2013, March 10). Recommendation CM/Rec(2013)1 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on gender equality and media. Council of Europe. https://www.coe.int/en/web/freedom-expression/committee-of-ministers-adopted-texts/-/asset_publisher/aDXmrol0vvsU/content/recommendation-cm-rec-2013-1-of-the-committee-of-ministers-to-member-states-on-gender-equality-and-media-adopted-by-the-committee-of-ministers-on-10-j
Council of Europe. (2019). Gender identity, gender-based violence, and human rights: Gender identity and violence (Chapter 1). Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/chapter-1-gender-identity-gender-based-violence-and-human-rights-gende/16809e1595
Council of Europe. (2020). Rapporto di valutazione (di base) del GREVIO sulle misure legislative e di altra natura da adottare per dare efficacia alle disposizioni della Convenzione del Consiglio d’Europa sulla prevenzione e la lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica: Italia (GREVIO/Inf(2019)18). Council of Europe.
Covering Conflict-Related Sexual Violence. (n.d.). Covering conflict-related sexual violence. https://www.coveringcrsv.org
Corsini, E. (Ed.). (2019). Legge n. 69/2019: Violenza domestica e di genere – Codice rosso. SULPL. https://www.sulpl.it/images/LEGGE_69-2019_CODICE.pdf
Dahmen, N., & Miller, K. C. (2020). “This is Still their Lives”: Photojournalists’ Ethical Approach to Capturing and Publishing Graphic or Shocking Images. Journal of Media Ethics, 35(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2020.1731313
Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma. (2011, July 15). Reporting on sexual violence. Dart Center for Journalism & Trauma. https://dartcenter.org/content/reporting-on-sexual-violence
Dire Controla Violenza. (2024, August 21). Violenza sulle donne: in che stato siamo? Raccolta dati sulla violenza e anonimato. Dire Controla Violenza. https://www.direcontrolaviolenza.it/violenza-sulle-donne-in-che-stato-siamo-raccolta-dati-sulla-violenza-e-anonimato/
Di Cristofaro, C. (2021, February 24). Femminicidi: la foto che fa riflettere. Alley Oop - Il Sole 24 Ore. https://alleyoop.ilsole24ore.com/2021/02/24/femminicidi-foto/
Dominici, P. (2014). Che genere di comunicazione? La comunicazione per coltivare la cittadinanza e uscire dal prisma degli stereotipi. In R. Sobrero (Ed.), Quando la comunicazione è attenta al genere (3rd ed., pp. 55). Fondazione Pubblicità Progresso.
European Commission. (n.d.). What is gender-based violence? European Commission. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/gender-equality/gender-based-violence/what-gender-based-violence_en
European Institute for Gender Equality. (n.d.). Gender-sensitive communication: A guide. European Institute for Gender Equality. https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/toolkits-guides/gender-sensitive-communication?language_content_entity=en
European Institute for Gender Equality. (n.d.). Thesaurus: Gender-based violence. European Institute for Gender Equality. https://eige.europa.eu/publications-resources/thesaurus/terms/1248?language_content_entity=en
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2014). Violence against women: An EU-wide survey. Luxembourg: European Union. https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/violence-against-women-eu-wide-survey-main-results-report
Feinstein, A., Audet, B., & Waknine, E. (2014). Witnessing images of extreme violence: a psychological study of journalists in the newsroom. JRSM Open, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/2054270414533323
Fanucci, S. (2017). Fotografia e Psicoterapia: L’uso della fotografia come strumento di cura all’interno del modello pluralistico integrato. [Tesi di Specializzazione, ASPIC]
Freeland, C. (2008). Photographs and Icon. In W. Scott (Ed.), Photography and Philosophy (1st ed., pp. 50-69).
Giuffrida, D. (2021, November 18). Vittimizzazione secondaria, quando le istituzioni non riconoscono la violenza sulle donne. Sky TG24. https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2021/11/18/vittimizzazione-secondaria-quando-le-istituzioni-non-riconoscono-la-violenza-sulle-donne
Gibson, O. (2023, March 13). The deepfake pornography explosion: A new and worrying trend. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/mar/13/deepfake-pornography-explosion
Istituto Beckett. (2024). Gender-based violence in media and representation: A critical approach. Istituto Beckett. https://www.istituto-beckett.it/gender-based-violence-in-media
McDonald, H., & Tutton, M. (2022). Sensationalism in Journalism: Analyzing the Coverage of Gender-Based Violence. International Journal of Journalism Studies, 28(2), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14710801.2022.2040235
Miller, D. (2019). Journalism ethics and the representation of gender-based violence. Cambridge University Press.
Morrison, C., & Reid, D. (2023). Visualizing Trauma: Ethical Considerations in the Representation of Gender-Based Violence. Journal of Visual Culture, 22(4), 467-483. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470412922112175
Moseley, R. (2023). Photojournalism Ethics and Gender-Based Violence Reporting. Routledge.
Nelson, K. (2020). Framing Gender-Based Violence in the Media: A Comparative Analysis of News Outlets. Media, Culture & Society, 42(3), 482-498. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719895783
Open Society Foundations. (2022). Gender-Based Violence in Media: A Critical Review. Open Society Foundations. https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/gender-based-violence-media
Penney, J. (2024). The Impact of Media Representations on Public Perceptions of Gender-Based Violence. Palgrave Macmillan.
Polk, C. (2018). Representing Victims of Gender-Based Violence: A Media Perspective. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work.
Shapiro, H. (2019). Images of Violence: Photographic Representations and the Ethics of Journalism. Princeton University Press.
Smith, A. (2022). Media Representation of Gender-Based Violence: Trends and Issues. Springer Nature.
United Nations. (2023). Guidelines for Reporting on Gender-Based Violence. United Nations Publications. https://www.un.org/gender-based-violence-reporting-guidelines
Wright, C., & Ryan, T. (2021). Gender-Based Violence and Journalism: Ethical Practices and Challenges. Routledge.
All items in Spectrum are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. The use of items is governed by Spectrum's terms of access.

Repository Staff Only: item control page

Downloads per month over past year

Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
- Research related to the current document (at the CORE website)
Back to top Back to top