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A Safety-Focused Systems Architecting Framework for Aircraft Conceptual Design

Title:

A Safety-Focused Systems Architecting Framework for Aircraft Conceptual Design

Jeyaraj, Andrew Kingsley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-5451 (2025) A Safety-Focused Systems Architecting Framework for Aircraft Conceptual Design. PhD thesis, Concordia University.

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Abstract

To reduce the environmental impact of aviation, aircraft manufacturers develop novel aircraft configurations and investigate advanced systems technologies. These new technologies are complex and characterized by electrical or hybrid-electric propulsion systems. Ensuring that these complex architectures are safe is paramount to enabling the certification and entry into service of new aircraft concepts. Emerging techniques in systems architecting, such as using model-based systems engineering (MBSE), help deal with such complexity. However, MBSE techniques are currently not integrated with the overall aircraft conceptual design using automated multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDAO) techniques. Current MDAO frameworks do not incorporate the various aspects of system safety assessment. The industry is increasingly interested in Model-Based Safety Assessment (MBSA) to improve the safety assessment process and give the safety engineer detailed insight into the failure characteristics of system components early in the design process. This thesis presents a comprehensive framework to introduce aspects of the SAE ARP4761 safety assessment process in conceptual design while also considering downstream compatibility of the system architecting and safety assessment processes. A generic element architecture description approach, implemented using a graph-based system architecture descriptor, is introduced to model and transfer system architecture information between each stage of the systems architecting process while supporting safety assessment activities at multiple levels of architecture granularity. The proposed framework introduces a safety-based filtering approach for large system architecture design spaces and integrates quantitative safety assessment methods compatible with early-stage system architecture specifications. Furthermore, the generic element descriptor links early system architecture specification with formal architecture specification in an MBSE environment. The framework also enables both simple and formal system architecture specification models to be used as inputs to safety assessment, as well as a source of system-level sizing parameters for MDAO workflows featuring system sizing tools. The framework’s effectiveness is illustrated with examples from applications in recent collaborative research projects with industry and academia, which feature safety-focused system architecting studies for a conventional aircraft landing gear braking system, a yaw control actuation system, and unconventional yaw control system architectures for hybrid-electric and distributed-electric aircraft. The work presented in this thesis contributes to increasing maturity in conceptual design studies and fosters innovation by opening the design space while considering safety upfront.

Divisions:Concordia University > Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science > Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering
Item Type:Thesis (PhD)
Authors:Jeyaraj, Andrew Kingsley
Institution:Concordia University
Degree Name:Ph. D.
Program:Mechanical Engineering
Date:14 January 2025
Thesis Supervisor(s):Liscouet-Hanke, Susan
Keywords:safety assessment, systems architecting, aircraft conceptual design, MBSE, MBSA, hybrid-electric aircraft, distributed electric propulsion, e-VTOL, FTA, ARP4754, ARP4761, aircraft electrification, systems engineering, safety
ID Code:995552
Deposited By: Andrew Jeyaraj
Deposited On:04 Nov 2025 17:18
Last Modified:04 Nov 2025 17:18
Related URLs:

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